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1.
Maturation of Human Fetal Responses to Vibroacoustic Stimulation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Maturation of human fetal response to vibroacoustic stimulation was examined in 60 fetuses from 23 to 36 weeks gestational age. Subjects received vibroacoustic or no-stimulus control trials (randomly assigned) while fetal heart rate (FHR) was recorded and movement was observed on real-time ultrasound scan. Initially, at 26-28 weeks, a small FHR deceleration response occurred; subsequently, FHR acceleration responses occurred. From 29 weeks, 83%-100% of subjects responded with an FHR acceleration > or = 10 BPM on the first vibrator trial and accelerations were observed on 83%-92% of all vibrator trials. From 26 to 36 weeks the percentage of fetuses responding with movement on the first vibrator trial increased from 58% to 100%; on all vibrator trials responses increased from 53% to 94%. It was concluded that maturation of human fetal response to vibroacoustic stimulation begins at about 26 weeks gestation, increases steadily over a 6-week period, and reaches maturity at about 32 weeks. 相似文献
2.
Fetal Neurobehavioral Development 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Janet A. DiPietro Denice M. Hodgson Kathleen A. Costigan Sterling C. Hilton Timothy R. B. Johnson 《Child development》1996,67(5):2553-2567
The ontogeny of fetal autonomic, motoric, state, and interactive functioning was investigated longitudinally in a sample of 31 healthy fetuses from 20 weeks through term. Fetal heart rate and movement data were collected during 50 min of Doppler-based fetal monitoring at 6 gestational ages. Measures of fetal heart rate and variability, activity level and vigor, behavioral state, and reactivity were derived from these digitized data. Weighted least squares analyses were conducted to model the developmental patterns and to examine the role of maternal and fetal covariates. With advancing gestation, fetuses displayed slower heart rate, increased heart rate variability, reduced but more vigorous motor behavior, coalescence of heart rate and movement patterns into distinct behavioral states, and increasing cardiac responsivity to stimulation. Male fetuses were more active than female fetuses, and greater maternal stress appraisal was associated with reduced fetal heart rate variability. An apparent period of neurobehavioral transition exists between 28 and 32 weeks. Fetal research methods are evaluated. 相似文献
3.
Fetal Antecedents of Infant Temperament 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Janet A. DiPietro Denice M. Hodgson Kathleen A. Costigan Timothy R. B. Johnson 《Child development》1996,67(5):2568-2583
This study established the emergence of stable individual differences in neurobehavioral functioning prior to birth and examined their relation to subsequent infant temperament. Fetal heart rate and movement were recorded longitudinally for 31 fetuses at 6 gestational ages beginning at 20 weeks' gestation. Maternally reported temperament data were collected at 3 and 6 months. Moderate stability in all measures except reactivity was apparent at some time before birth. By 36 weeks, fetal neurobehavior accounted for between 22% and 60% of the variance in prediction of temperament scores. In general, more active fetuses were more difficult, unpredictable, unadaptable, and active infants. Higher fetal heart rate was associated with lower emotional tone, activity level, and predictability. We conclude that features of fetal neurobehavior provide the basis for individual differences in reactivity and regulation in infancy. 相似文献
4.
Vagal Regulation of Heart Rate in the Prediction of Developmental Outcome for Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
Jane A. Doussard-Roosevelt Stephen W. Porges John W. Scanlon Behjat Alemi Kathleen B. Scanlon 《Child development》1997,68(2):173-186
To Investigate heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as markers of developmental outcome, infant ECG and 3 year outcome were assessed in 41 very low birth weight (<1,500 g) infants. Measures of mean hart rate and RSA, and the maturational shifts in their values from 33 to 35 weeks gestational age, were recorded. RSA measures predicted 3 year outcome beyond the effects of birth weight, medical risk, and socio-economic status. Higher RSA was associated with better social skills, whereas greater RSA maturation was associated with better mental processing and gross motor skills. Lower heat rate was associated with better behavior regulation and social skills, whereas greater maturational decreases were associated with better gross motor skills. Dividing the sample into groups of infants with birth weight less than 1,000 g and these with birth weight over 1,000 g, RSE maturation emerged a strong predictor of mental processing, knowledge base and gross motor skills in the former. A measured of joint maturation of RSA and heart rate was associated with better behavior regulation at 3 years, as measured by Child Behavior Checklist and parenting Stress Index scores, for this group. The findings directly respond to the need for physiological variables in the prediction of outcome in high-risk infants. 相似文献
5.
Dorothy V. M. Bishop David McDonald Sarah Bird Marianna E. Hayiou-Thomas 《Child development》2009,80(2):593-605
Some children learn to read accurately despite language impairments (LI). Nine- to 10-year-olds were categorized as having LI only ( n = 35), dyslexia (DX) only ( n = 73), LI + DX ( n = 54), or as typically developing (TD; n = 176). The LI-only group had mild to moderate deficits in reading comprehension. They were similar to the LI + DX group on most language measures, but rapid serial naming was superior to the LI + DX group and comparable to the TD. For a subset of children seen at 4 and 6 years, early phonological skills were equally poor in those later classified as LI or LI + DX. Poor language need not hinder acquisition of decoding, so long as rapid serial naming is intact; reading comprehension, however, is constrained by LI. 相似文献
6.
Stability in cardiac indicators before birth and their utility in predicting variation in postnatal development were examined. Fetal heart rate and variability were measured longitudinally from 20 through 38 weeks gestation (n = 137) and again at age 2 (n = 79). Significant within-individual stability during the prenatal period and into childhood was demonstrated. Fetal heart rate variability at or after 28 weeks gestation and steeper developmental trajectories were significantly associated with mental and psychomotor development at 2 years (n = 82) and language ability at 2.5 years (n = 61). These data suggest that the foundations of individual differences in autonomic control originate during gestation and the developmental momentum of the fetal period continues after birth. 相似文献
7.
Interindividual Differences in Neonatal Imitation and the Development of Action Chains in Rhesus Macaques 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pier Francesco Ferrari Annika Paukner Angela Ruggiero Lisa Darcey Sarah Unbehagen Stephen J. Suomi 《Child development》2009,80(4):1057-1068
The capacity to imitate facial gestures is highly variable in rhesus macaques and this variability may be related to differences in specific neurobehavioral patterns of development. This study evaluated the differential neonatal imitative response of 41 macaques in relation to the development of sensory, motor, and cognitive skills throughout the 1st month of life. The results show that infants who imitate facial gestures display more developed skills in goal-directed movements (reaching–grasping and fine hand motor control) than nonimitators. These differences might reflect, at least in part, the differential maturation of motor chains in the parietal and motor cortices, which partly overlap with those of the mirror neuron system. Thus, neonatal imitation appears to be a predictor of future neurobehavioral development. 相似文献
8.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the distinct forms (i.e., physical and relational) and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of aggressive behavior during early childhood ( n = 101; M age = 45.09 months). Forms, but not functions, of aggressive behavior were stable over time. A number of contributors to aggression were associated with distinct subtypes of aggressive behavior. Females and socially dominant children were more relationally aggressive and older children were less physically aggressive than their peers. Longitudinal analyses indicated that social dominance predicted decreases in physical aggression and peer exclusion predicted increases in relational aggression. Overall, the results provide support for the distinction between subtypes of aggression in early childhood. 相似文献
9.
Certain intrapartum fetal heart-rate (FHR) patterns are associated with low Apgar scores and other neonatal risks. Intrapartum FHR has been the subject of extensive clinical investigation, but only occasional reference is made to the possible behavioral correlates of this phenomenon. The current investigation found that neonates classified as FHR decelerators had lower birth weights and shorter gestational ages than FHR accelerators. Decelerators exhibited higher baseline heart rate and experienced more frequent uterine contractions than accelerators. Neurobehavioral assessment of these neonates indicated that decelerators had more abnormal reflex ratings and were less behaviorally organized than heart-rate accelerators. The results indicate that FHR responses are associated with prenatal growth, maturity, and possibly stress tolerance, and that intrapartum FHR responses be related to nonoptimal neonatal behavior. 相似文献
10.
Dante Cicchetti Fred A. Rogosch Megan R. Gunnar Sheree L. Toth 《Child development》2010,81(1):252-269
The impact of early physical and sexual abuse (EPA/SA) occurring in the first 5 years of life was investigated in relation to depressive and internalizing symptomatology and diurnal cortisol regulation. In a summer camp context, school-aged maltreated ( n = 265) and nonmaltreated ( n = 288) children provided morning and late afternoon saliva samples on 5 consecutive days. Child self-report and adult observer reports of child internalizing and depressive symptoms were obtained. Children experiencing EPA/SA and high depressive or internalizing symptoms uniquely exhibited an attenuated diurnal decrease in cortisol, indicative of neuroendocrine dysregulation. These results were specific to EPA/SA rather than later onset physical or sexual abuse or early occurring neglect or emotional maltreatment. 相似文献
11.
Effective Early Literacy Skill Development for Young Spanish-Speaking English Language Learners: An Experimental Study of Two Methods 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ninety-four Spanish-speaking preschoolers ( M age = 54.51 months, SD = 4.72; 43 girls) were randomly assigned to receive the High/Scope Curriculum (control n = 32) or the Literacy Express Preschool Curriculum in English-only ( n = 31) or initially in Spanish transitioning to English ( n = 31). Children's emergent literacy skills were assessed before and after the intervention in Spanish and English. Children in the English-only and transitional groups made significant gains in their emergent literacy skills in both Spanish and English compared to the control group, The English-only and transitional models were equally effective for English language outcomes, but for Spanish-language outcomes, only the transitional model was effective. The results suggest that a targeted early literacy intervention can improve Spanish-speaking preschoolers' preliteracy skills. 相似文献
12.
Megan R. Gunnar Fran L. Porter Cynthia M. Wolf Joseph Rigatuso Mary C. Larson 《Child development》1995,66(1):1-13
To investigate the relations among popular measures of neonatal stress and their link to subsequent temperament, 50 full-term newborns from a normal care nursery were examined responding to a heelstick blood draw. Baseline and heelstick measures of behavioral state, heart period, vagal tone, and salivary cortisol were obtained. Recovery measures of behavioral and cardiac activity were also analyzed. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire when their infants reached 6 months of age. Baseline vagal tone predicted cortisol in response to the heelstick, suggesting that baseline vagal tone reflects the infants' ability to react to stressors. Greater reactivity to the heelstick (more crying, shorter heart periods, lower vagal tone, and higher cortisol) was associated with lower scores on "Distress-to-Limitations" temperament at 6 months. This finding was consistent with the expectation that the capacity to react strongly to an aversive stimulus would reflect better neurobehavioral organization in the newborn. Recovery measures of cardiac activity approximated and were correlated with baseline measures indicating the strong self-righting properties of the healthy newborn. Finally, vagal tone and salivary cortisol measures were not significantly related, suggesting the importance of assessing both systems in studies of the ontogeny of stress-temperament relations. 相似文献
13.
A model of risk potential for developmental outcome was created based on cardiac, medical, surgical, and family-stress factors in 31 children with transposition of the great arteries who had undergone reparative open heart surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass during infancy. Impact of these potential risk factors was assessed by 4 current neurologic measures (neurologic anatomic abnormalities, functional impairment, electroencephalograph [EEG], and Pattern Visual Evoked Potential [PVEP]) and 4 psychologic measures (IQ, achievement, perceptual-motor function, and behavior). Results indicated that adverse developmental outcome was significantly associated with the following medical risk variables: failure of palliative surgery to alleviate hypoxia, prolonged hypoxia, growth failure, congestive heart failure, absence of ameliorating shunting heart defects, stroke, and CNS infection; and two psychosocial moderator variables: socioeconomic status and current life stress. Analysis of a "cumulative risk score" indicated significantly higher risk scores in children with abnormal EEGs, PVEPs, and neurologic examinations. The cumulative risk score highly correlated with composite neurologic outcome (r = .62), IQ (r = -.66), achievement (r = -.60), and perceptual-motor function (r = -.48). While overall outcome was favorable for children with TGA who experienced a single risk event, outcome was compromised if multiple risk factors occurred. 相似文献
14.
Chantal E. H. Dirix Jan G. Nijhuis Henk W. Jongsma Gerard Hornstra 《Child development》2009,80(4):1251-1258
Ninety-three pregnant women were recruited to assess fetal learning and memory, based on habituation to repeated vibroacoustic stimulation of fetuses of 30–38 weeks gestational age (GA). Each habituation test was repeated 10 min later to estimate the fetal short-term memory. For Groups 30–36, both measurements were replicated in a second session at 38 weeks GA for the assessment of fetal long-term memory. Within the time frame considered, fetal learning appeared GA independent. Furthermore, fetuses were observed to have a short-term (10-min) memory from at least 30 weeks GA onward, which also appeared independent of fetal age. In addition, results indicated that 34-week-old fetuses are able to store information and retrieve it 4 weeks later. 相似文献
15.
Glenn I. Roisman Elizabeth Susman Kortnee Barnett-Walker Cathryn Booth-LaForce Margaret Tresch Owen Jay Belsky Robert H. Bradley Renate Houts Laurence Steinberg The NICHD Early Child Care Research Network 《Child development》2009,80(3):907-920
This study examined early observed parenting and child-care experiences in relation to functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis over the long term. Consistent with the attenuation hypothesis, individuals ( n = 863) who experienced: (a) higher levels of maternal insensitivity and (b) more time in child-care centers in the first 3 years of life had lower awakening cortisol levels at age 15. Associations were small in magnitude. Nonetheless, results were (a) additive in that both higher levels of maternal insensitivity and more experience with center-based care uniquely (but not interactively) predicted lower awakening cortisol, (b) not accounted for by later caregiving experiences measured concurrently with awakening cortisol at age 15 or by early demographic variables, and (c) not moderated by sex or by difficult temperament. 相似文献
16.
[目的]分析各种类型的胎儿监护结果与胎儿窘迫的关系及对手术产率的影响.[方法]选取2003年~2004年40例胎儿窘迫病例(均≥37周),对其胎心监护结果进行分析.[结果]34例发生于产程各阶段,胎心监护图型分别是晚期减速和变异减速、早期减速、轻度心动过速、轻度心动过缓.各监护图型对应的羊水污染程度具有显著差异(P<0.05),剖宫产率、Apgar≤7分无显著差异(P>0.05).[结论]晚期减速和变异减速是胎儿宫内缺氧的表现,需立即或及时终止妊娠.早期减速、轻度心动过速、轻度心动过缓出现在产程中是胎儿对暂时性缺氧反应良好的表现,临床上一般不需特殊处理,但心动过缓和心动过速伴基线变异减少或消失则提示胎儿窘迫,需及时处理.胎心监护对剖宫产率有一定影响,对于胎儿窘迫诊断可根据胎心监护结合胎儿头皮血气分析综合判断结果更准确. 相似文献
17.
Cecilia Martinez-Torteya G. Anne Bogat Alexander von Eye Alytia A. Levendosky 《Child development》2009,80(2):562-577
Individual and family characteristics that predict resilience among children exposed to domestic violence (DV) were examined. Mother–child dyads ( n = 190) were assessed when the children were 2, 3, and 4 years of age. DV-exposed children were 3.7 times more likely than nonexposed children to develop internalizing or externalizing problems. However, 54% of DV-exposed children maintained positive adaptation and were characterized by easy temperament (odds ratio [OR] = .39, d = .52) and nondepressed mothers (OR = 1.14, d = .07), as compared to their nonresilient counterparts. Chronic DV was associated with maternal depression, difficult child temperament, and internalizing or externalizing symptoms. Results underscore heterogeneous outcomes among DV-exposed children and the influence of individual and family characteristics on children's adaptation. 相似文献
18.
Behavioral Organization in Newborns and Its Relation to Adrenocortical and Cardiac Activity 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Spangler, Gottfried, and Scheubeck, Roswitha. Behavioral Organization in Newborns and Its Relation to Adrenocortical and Cardiac Activity. Child Development, 1993, 64 , 622–633. The aim of this study was to assess relations between behavioral organization and adrenocortical and cardiac activity in newborns. Twice during the neonatal period, the behavioral organization of 42 newborns, in terms of orientation and irritability, was assessed by the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS), and the newborns' cortisol response to the NBAS procedure was determined. In addition, cardiac activity was assessed during 1 of the NBAS. Whereas there were only inconsistent correlations between newborn irritability and the adrenocortical response during NBAS, low orientation was associated with a higher increase in cortisol in both of the assessments. In addition, orientation was predicted by basal cortisol level. High heart rates were associated with high irritability and low regulation of state, and, in addition, negative relations were indicated between orientation and heart rate variability. The findings support a coping model of biobehavioral relations in newborns. 相似文献
19.
S. Stefan Soltysik Nancy K. Dess W. Jeffrey Wilson John A. Matochik Steve Berg 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(2):177-184
Changes in respiration amplitude, respiration rate, and heart rate in response to a conditioned signal for shock were measured concurrently in kittens and adult cats. The data were analyzed with respect to qualitative and quantitative variability across trials and subjects; correlation among measures; skewness; and kurtosis. Suppression of respiration amplitude was the most reliable response across trials and subjects, with increases in respiration rate second and heart rate by far the least reliable. Correlations between each pair of measures were moderate. Respiration-amplitude responses were negatively skewed, but this deviation from normality was moderate and consistent across subjects. The measurement of conditioned respiratory suppression is a viable addition or alternative to the conditioned emotional response procedure in studies of classically conditioned fear. 相似文献
20.
Robert D. Fitzgerald David L. Francisco James Metcalfe Maralee S. Lawson 《Learning & behavior》1984,12(2):217-222
Classical discrimination conditioning of heart rate (HR) and respiratory-motor (RM) activity was examined in 16 newborn (average age = 1 day) and 8 neonatal (average age = 2 weeks) pygmy goats over 4 days of conditioning involving an electric shock US and auditory CSs. On the 4th day, one-half of the animals in each group received a low to moderate dose of ethanol to test the resistance of the CRs to drug effects. Discriminated conditioning of RM activity but not HR occurred in the newborn group, indicating an absence of close coupling between skeletal-motor activity and HR at this early age. While the newborn group failed to show recognizable HR reactions to the CSs during the 4 days of testing, it did show a long-latency brady-cardia UR beginning at 2 days of age that may have been secondary to baroreceptor reflex actions. The neonatal group displayed conditioning of both HR and RM activity. The similar latencies of the two types of CRs during the CS suggested that they may have been related to each other. However, the fact that the RM CR developed a day before the HR CR, combined with the observation that ethanol modified the HR CR but not the RM CR, supports the view that there was considerable independence between the two types of CRs. 相似文献