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维果茨基的认知发展理论及其对教育的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
维果茨基是20世纪最具影响力的心理学家之一。上世纪初维果茨基提出的认知发展理论给西方教育思想带来了强有力的冲击。美国著名心理学家布鲁纳根据维果茨基认知发展理论提出了"支架式教学"的教育模式。基于维果茨基认知发展理论还引申出了一些新的教学观念,这些均对当代西方教育理论与实践产生了重要而深远的影响。 相似文献
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最近发展区理论及其对新课程教学的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20世纪30年代，维果茨基提出了最近发展区概念，创造性地阐明了教学、学习与发展之间的辩证关系。然而，由于种种原因，这一宝贵的思想并没有得到应有的重视。直到60年代，维果茨基的著作被译成英文传播到西方，引起了西方学者的广泛关注．他的思想也随之受到推崇。当前，我们正在开展的课程改革，提出了“面向全体学生”的课程理念。重温维果茨基的最近发展区理论，有着十分重要的意义。 相似文献
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维果茨基对教育心理学的贡献 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文论述了维果茨基对教育心理学6个方面的贡献：坚持了教育心理学研究对象的独立性；为教育心理学中的一系列重大问题的解决作了理论奠基；为重新认识教学与发展的关系提供了新的视角；区分日常概念与科学概念，深化了人们对知识掌握的基本规律的认识；维果茨基思想孕育了一个社会文化历史论的学习理论派别；维果茨基的许多重要的教育心理学观念是当代世界范围内的教育革新的理论源流。 相似文献
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社会建构主义作为一种新的学习理论,对学习和教学提出了一系列新的解释,其形成和发展对当今的教育教学尤其是课程改革产生了深远而积极的影响。 把建构主义思想应用于学前教育领域的当推杜威、皮亚杰和维果茨基。对于杜威,学与教基于儿童的行动;对于皮亚杰,学与教基于儿童的个体建构;而对于维果茨基,学与教基于儿童的“最近发展区”。当今,在幼儿园数学 相似文献
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维果茨基理论在早期教育中的运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
维果茨基作为历史文化学派的代表人物,是与皮亚杰齐名的著名心理学家。他的理论,特别是“最近发展区“理论对早期教育实践产生了重大影响。虽然维果茨基并没有明确地说明儿童是怎样达到“最近发展区”的,但许多西方学者纷纷从不同角度提出自己的观点,丰富和发展了维果茨基的理论。他们的观点对于我们理解维果茨基的理论很有帮助。本文第一部分比较深入地分析了“最近发展区”理论在早期教育中的运用;第二部分着重介绍西方学者运用“最近发展区”理论提出的“鹰架教学”;第三部分则介绍了社会教学学派(其理念主要源自维果茨基的有关理论)对成人(特别是教师)在儿童解决问题中的作用的看法。阅读本文,有助于我们更全面地了解、更准确地把握和运用维果茨基的理论。 相似文献
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维果茨基(1896-1934)是苏俄早期一位杰出的心理学家，社会化历史学派的创始人，苏俄心理科学的奠基人之一。维果茨基理论在教育中最重要的运用莫过于他的“最近发展区”理论。这一理论在他去世之后受到各国教育心理学家的关注，焕发出生命的光彩并享誉世界。思想政治课教学要取得实效，须善于抓住学生学习的“最近发展区”开展教学活 相似文献
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<正>苏联著名的心理学家维果茨基在论述教学与发展的关系时,提出一个重要的理论——最近发展区(ZPD),即人的实际发展水平与潜在的发展水平之间的差距.最近发展区的教学为学生提供了发展的可能性,维果茨基认为教学"创造着"学生的发展,教师的引导能促进学生的发展.数学变式教学是指 相似文献
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刘万讲 《中学政治教学参考》2008,(3)
前苏联著名心理学家维果茨基(1896～1934)认为,教学分为广义和狭义两种。广义的教学是指人通过活动和交往掌握精神生产的手段,具有自发的性质。狭义的教学则是指有目的、有计划地进行最系统的交际形式,促进学生的发展。维果茨基还从心理发展与教学关系的角度提出了现有 相似文献
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This paper describes the implications of principles derived from cognitive social learning theory and Vygotsky's socially oriented developmental perspective for the design of technology-based instructional materials. Vygotsky's ideas about the kinds of experience that facilitate intellectual growth in the “zone of proximal development” suggest that contemporary mathematics instruction (usually characterized by presentations to large groups, or by individualized instruction dominated by worksheets) deny students opportunities for individual interaction with and supportive guidance by adult experts or competent peers. It is proposed that such instruction fails to support the transfer of regulatory responsibility from teacher to student. The derivation of design specifications for the use of instructional technologies to overcome these limitations of contemporary instruction in mathematics is described. Instructional materials designed to promote self-regulation strategies as well as procedural and declarative knowledge in mathematics are presented. 相似文献
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During the last twenty years, Vygotsky's theory has increasingly been cited when considering aspects of early education. Most commonly, however, a single concept (the zone of proximal development) has been used to represent the theory, and treated as synonymous with the view that a teacher's job is to scaffold the children's learning. By contrast, in this paper we stress the fact that Vygotsky's theory is one that requires attending to what individuals bring to interactions, what goes on during those interactions, and the cultural contexts (as they have developed over historical time) of the individuals involved. Equally important, we stress that Vygotsky's view of interactions between teachers and children involves the concept of obuchenie, a Russian term meaning both teaching and learning, rather than scaffolded instruction. To take this position seriously involves making dramatic changes in the process of education as typically practiced. For this reason Vygotsky's theory has revolutionary implications, examples of which we discuss in the final section. 相似文献
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“最近发展区”的多重解读及其教育蕴涵 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
“最近发展区”是维果茨基社会-文化-历史理论的一个标志性概念,也是我们解决教学与发展问题的重要理论基础。对“最近发展区”概念从“认知”、“文化”、“社会”、“教育”和“人学”等角度进行多维透视,不难获得“脚手架”隐喻、情境认知、实践参与、好的教学、人的生成等多方面的启示。它为我们解决教学的准备性与发展性问题指明了具体的思路,也为我们开展有效教学找到了具体的切入点。 相似文献
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Vygotsky has become an authority, but the authority has more to do with justifying a sociocultural relativism than it has with his Marxist objectivist approach to psychology and pedagogy. This paper is an attempt to understand Vygotsky's perspective in relation to Marxist epistemology, and will critically examine the sociocultural interpretation of Vygotsky but within the light of his own perspective. It will be shown that the relativism of the sociocultural school not only takes Vygotsky's zone of proximal development out of its social and historical context, but as a consequence downplays the zone of proximal development as a dynamic research methodology. As an extension of the discussion of the zone of proximal development, this paper will also examine the sociocultural interpretation of Vygotsky's relation between scientific and everyday concepts, and the pedagogical consequences of such an interpretation. 相似文献
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维果茨基的缺陷学思想是其文化历史理论体系中极为重要的一部分,是在教育研究的框架内展开的有关缺陷与补偿的讨论,通过对缺陷个体社会行为与行为结构的分析,揭示了缺陷儿童异常发展的规律。维果茨基缺陷学思想强调了社会文化环境对缺陷儿童的作用,在分析缺陷复杂结构的基础上,科学地阐明了缺陷与补偿的关系,注重集体和动态评估在缺陷个体发展中的重要作用。维果茨基缺陷学思想为当代特殊教育提供了多方面的启示。 相似文献
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阐述维果茨基的"脚手架"理论和二语习得有着密切的关系。基于维果茨基的"脚手架"理论,分别从学生的角度以及教师的角度来分析母语作为"脚手架"的作用,最后对母语的使用度作初步探讨,建议教师在大学英语教学中要把握好母语的使用度。 相似文献
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“最近发展区”理论是维果茨基关于儿童发展与教学的理论,也是国内教育领域研究和介绍比较多的显学,但综观这些研究,立足原著对“最近发展区”理论开展文本研究的并不多见.本文就是采用文本研究和阐释学的方法,试图通过对原著的深度挖掘、澄清、指认和阐释,力求全面准确地把握维果茨基教育理论的精神实质,并从中寻得对我国当下课程改革、教学改革的若干新解和启示. 相似文献
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Play as the Leading Activity of the Preschool Period: Insights from Vygotsky, Leont'ev, and Bakhtin 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cultural-historical psychology identifies play as the leading activity in preschool development. Vygotsky's (1967, 1978) seminal work outlined two categories of leading influences: play makes a foundational contribution to the development of semiotic mediation, and it involves active appropriation of social roles and rules and other integral aspects of social organization. Leont'ev's (1981) concept of appropriation and Bakhtin's (1981) concepts of heteroglossia and ideological becoming are used to elaborate and extend Vygotsky's original work, particularly with regard to creativity in preschool play. The paper concludes with a consideration of the pedagogical implications of the cultural-historical view on play, including the use of play to cultivate understanding of the arbitrary nature of signs and the appropriation of the social roles and organizational patterns of society. 相似文献
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美国中小学教学中的PBI模式研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
美国中小学教学中的以问题为基础的教学模式———PBI模式对美国中小学生的动手实践能力具有很大作用。这种模式的教学以真实性、开放性和跨学科性的问题为教学的出发点 ,突出强调学习过程中的合作性和成人模仿性。它以杜威的教育哲学、皮亚杰和维果斯基的建构主义理论、布鲁纳的发现学习理论为理论支撑。这种模式的具体操作有五个阶段。通过这些阶段 ,学生可以达到对问题解决过程和结果的整体认识。最终目的是使学生成为独立和自主的学习者 相似文献
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Michael G. Levykh 《Educational theory》2008,58(1):83-101
A bstract . Many recent articles, research papers, and conference presentations about Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) emphasize the "extended" version of the ZPD that reflects human emotions and desires. In this essay, Michael G. Levykh expands on the extant literature on the ZPD through developing several new ideas. First, he maintains that there is no need to expand ZPD to include emotions, as its more "conservative" dimensions (cognitive, social, cultural, and historical) already encompass affective features. Second, Levykh emphasizes that an emotionally positive collaboration between teachers and students in a caring and nurturing environment must be created from the outset. Finally, he asserts that culturally developed emotions must mediate successful establishment and maintenance of the ZPD in order to be effective. According to Levykh, Vygotsky's notion that learning can lead development represents a crucial contribution to our understanding of teaching and learning by clearly showing that emotions are vital to human learning and development. 相似文献