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1.
In this study, 123 children with a diagnosis of developmental dyslexia were assigned to different treatment groups, either variations of Bakker's intervention program based on the balance model or a control, a specific reading training group. Thorough cognitive and neuropsychological assessment allowed determination of the subtype of dyslexia according to the balance model and the neuropsychological profile with respect to reading and spelling abilities, verbal memory, and phonemic awareness. Characteristics of hemisphere-specific stimulation were systematically manipulated in an effort to shed light on the bases and mechanisms of reading improvement. It was shown that the effects of treatment vary according to type of dyslexia and that the different intervention programs have differential effects on reading-related neuropsychological functions. Since opposite effects can be produced by the same type of treatment in different dyslexia subtypes, the results of the study suggest that accurate classification of subtype on the base of reading and reading-related variables is advantageous for an optimal planning of the therapy. 相似文献
2.
This study aimed to (a) explore the roles of cognitive and language variables in predicting reading abilities of two groups of individuals with reading disabilities (i.e., dyslexia and specific language impairment) and (b) examine which variable(s) is the most predictive in differentiating two groups. Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to categorize the two groups yielded a total of 63 participants (n = 44 for the dyslexia; n = 19 for the specific language impairment). A stepwise multiple regression approach was conducted to examine which cognitive and/or language variables made the largest contribution to reading abilities (i.e., Phonetic Decoding Efficiency, Word Attack, Sight Word Efficiency, and Passage Comprehension). Results revealed that there were significant differences in which measures of cognitive and language ability predicted individuals with dyslexia and speech and language impairments reading ability, showing that the cognitive and language variables underlying their difficulty with reading abilities were not the same across the two groups. A discriminant function analysis showed that a measure of Verbal Comprehension, Phonological Awareness, and Phonetic Decoding Efficiency can be used to differentiate the two groups. These findings support the tenet that dyslexia and specific language impairment are two subgroups of reading disabilities and that thorough diagnostic evaluations are needed to differentiate between these two subgroups. Distinctions of this nature are central to determining the type and intensity of language-based interventions. 相似文献
3.
Research demonstrates that phonological skills provide the basis of reading acquisition and are a primary processing deficit in dyslexia. This consensus has led to the development of effective methods of reading intervention. However, a single phonological deficit is not sufficient to account for the heterogeneity of individuals with dyslexia, and recent research provides evidence that supports a multiple-deficit model of reading disorders. Two studies are presented that investigate (1) the prevalence of phonological and cognitive processing deficit profiles in children with significant reading disability and (2) the effects of those same phonological and cognitive processing skills on reading development in a sample of children that received treatment for dyslexia. The results are discussed in the context of implications for identification and an intervention approach that accommodates multiple deficits within a comprehensive skills-based reading program. 相似文献
4.
Hugh W. Catts 《Annals of dyslexia》1991,41(1):163-177
A group of speech-language impaired children was administered a battery of standardized language tests and measures of phonological
processing in kindergarten. Performance on these language measures was then compared to reading ability in first grade. Results
indicated that children with semantic-syntactic language deficits had more difficulties in reading than did children with
primarily speech articulation impairments. In addition, phonological processing measures were found to be good predictors
of reading achievement. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for the early identification of developmental
dyslexia.
This research was supported by a grant from the Department of Education (HO24U8001). 相似文献
5.
L S Siegel 《Journal of learning disabilities》1992,25(10):618-629
The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with dyslexia, that is, children whose reading levels were significantly lower than would be predicted by their IQ scores, constituted a distinctive group when compared with poor readers, that is, children whose reading scores were consistent with their IQ scores. The performance of children with dyslexia, poor readers, and normally achieving readers was compared on a variety of reading, spelling, phonological processing, language, and memory tasks. Although the children with dyslexia had significantly higher IQ scores than the poor readers, these two groups did not differ in their performance on reading, spelling, phonological processing, or most of the language and memory tasks. In all cases, the performance of both reading disabled groups was significantly below that of nondisabled readers. The findings were similar whether absolute difference or regression scores were used. Reading disabled children, whether or not their reading is significantly below the level predicted by their IQ scores, experience significant problems in phonological processing, short-term and working memory, and syntactic awareness. On the basis of these data, there does not seem to be a need to differentiate between individuals with dyslexia and poor readers. Both of these groups are reading disabled and have deficits in phonological processing, verbal memory, and syntactic awareness. 相似文献
6.
Anne Elisabeth Dahle Ann‐Mari Knivsberg Anne Brit Andreassen 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2011,11(3):162-170
A small group of children and young adolescent with dyslexia has severely impaired reading skills despite prolonged special education. These are the students in focus. In dyslexia, problem behaviour, internalised as well as externalised, has previously been reported, so also for the participants with dyslexia in this study. The aim of the present study was to obtain more in‐depth knowledge of the behaviour problems from various informants, representing different settings. This kind of information is imperative for identifying problem behaviour, and for planning and implementing remedial programmes. A clinical group of 70 students with severe dyslexia, due to phonological problems, and a control group of 70 without reading problems participated. The two groups were pair‐wise matched on age, gender, cognitive level and whether they lived in rural or urban areas. Mean age was 150 months, and mean IQ was approximately 100 in both groups. Parents, teachers and participants provided information on behaviour through the Achenbach questionnaires Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher's Report Form and Youth Self Report. Behaviour is, in these questionnaires, divided into eight syndrome areas called Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed, Social Problems, Thought Problems, Attention Problems, Delinquent Behavior and Aggressive Behavior. The three informant groups reported significantly more problems in the dyslexia group than in the controls in all the syndrome areas. Parents reported more children with dyslexia to be anxious and depressed, and have social problems and attention problems than teachers. They also reported suicidal ideations in nine participants with dyslexia. In addition, parents rated more internalising and total problems in the dyslexia group than teachers. 相似文献
7.
Anita M.-Y. Wong Connie S.-H. Ho Terry K.-F. Au Catherine McBride Ashley K.-H. Ng Lesley P.-W. Yip Catherine C.-C. Lam 《Reading and writing》2017,30(2):337-361
This study examined (1) whether working memory and higher-level languages skills—inferencing and comprehension monitoring—accounted for individual differences among Chinese children in Chinese reading comprehension, after controlling for age, Chinese word reading and oral language skills, and (2) whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) or dyslexia showed deficits in these skills. Eighty-two Cantonese Chinese-speaking children between the age of 7; 8–9; 5 were assessed. Regression analyses on the full sample offered support for the first question. The children were also classified into four groups: Typically-developing (TD; N = 34), specific language impairment-only (SLI-only; N = 18), SLI-dyslexia comorbid (SLI-D; N = 22) and dyslexia-only (D-only; N = 8). Pair-wise comparisons focusing on the second question revealed that both the SLI-only and the D-only group performed worse than the TD group in reading comprehension after controlling for age and nonverbal intelligence. The SLI-only and the D-only group showed a different profile of deficits: only the SLI-only group performed worse than the TD group in working memory, comprehension monitoring, and inferencing. The SLI-D comorbid group did worse than the SLI-only, but not the D-only group, in reading comprehension. The SLI-D comorbid group did not do worse than either single diagnosis group in the higher-level language skills associated with reading comprehension. These findings suggested adopting different intervention approaches for reading comprehension difficulties in children with SLI versus children with dyslexia. 相似文献
8.
Edith Willburger Barbara Fussenegger Kristina Moll Guilherme Wood Karin Landerl 《Learning and individual differences》2008,18(2):224-236
In four carefully selected samples of 8- to 10-year old children with dyslexia (but age adequate arithmetic skills), dyscalculia (but age adequate reading skills), dyslexia/dyscalculia and controls a domain-general deficit in rapid automatized naming (RAN) was found for both dyslexia groups. Dyscalculic children exhibited a domain-specific deficit in rapid naming of quantities. This finding is in line with recent assumptions that dyscalculia is associated with a neurobiological deficit in the processing of numerosities. In the dyslexia/dyscalculia group, RAN deficits were additive, that is, the dyslexia/dyscalculia group exhibited the sum of the deficits found in the dyslexia only and dyscalculia only groups. This finding suggests that the cognitive bases of dyslexia and dyscalculia are independent from each other. Within the naming speed paradigm no differential impact of special demands on the executive functions inhibition and shifting was found for any of the four groups. 相似文献
9.
Lyytinen H Aro M Eklund K Erskine J Guttorm T Laakso ML Leppänen PH Lyytinen P Poikkeus AM Torppa M 《Annals of dyslexia》2004,54(2):184-220
Children at risk for familial dyslexia (n = 107) and their controls (n = 93) have been followed from birth to school entry in the Jyvaskyla Longitudinal study of Dyslexia (JLD) on developmental factors linked to reading and dyslexia. At the point of school entry, the majority of the at-risk children displayed decoding ability that fell at least 1 SD below the mean of the control group. Measures of speech processing were the earliest indices to show both group differences in infancy and also significant predictive associations with reading acquisition. A number of measures of language, including phonological and morphological skill collected repeatedly from age three, revealed group differences and predictive correlations. Both the group differences and the predictive associations to later language and reading ability strengthened as a function of increasing age. The predictions, however, tend to be stronger and the spectrum of significant correlations wider in the at-risk group. These results are crucial to early identification and intervention of dyslexia in at-risk children. 相似文献
10.
Primary school teachers rated the frequency of occurrence of 65 reading-related behavioral characteristics of Grade 1 to Grade
6 Chinese school children in Hong Kong. An item factor analysis based on ratings on 554 students yielded two major dimensions
of behavioral characteristics on reading and writing problems, and sequencing and spatial difficulties. In predicting the
literacy and cognitive skills of a separate sample of 184 school children, gender, age, and the two empirical scales developed
on the basis of factor analysis were used as predictors in regression analyses. The findings indicated that reading and writing
problems emerged as the most predominant predictor of various literacy and cognitive deficits. The two mean scores of behavioral
characteristics for children with dyslexia were significantly elevated as compared with those for children without dyslexia.
Implications of the findings for screening dyslexia and predicting specific cognitive deficits using classroom-based behavior
checklists are discussed. 相似文献
11.
语言认知缺陷是影响阅读困难儿童阅读能力发展的重要因素,以训练阅读困难儿童的语言认知技能为主要目标的干预研究也备受研究者们的关注,其中,语音意识缺陷干预、阅读流畅性缺陷干预和基于语音意识缺陷和快速命名缺陷的综合干预是当前具有代表性的干预研究.分析、梳理以上干预研究及成效,并展望其发展趋势对阅读困难儿童的干预研究具有非常重要的价值. 相似文献
12.
It is now thought that the cerebellum is involved in the acquisition of “language dexterity” in addition to its established
role in motor skill acquisition and execution. Mild cerebellar impairment, therefore, provides a possible explanation of a
range of problems shown by children with dyslexia. The authors have established suggestive evidence in support of this hypothesis
in tests of balance and of time estimation. In a further test of the hypothesis, a battery of clinical tests for cerebellar
impairment, including tests of muscle tone and of coordination, was administered to matched groups of children with dyslexia
and control children aged 10, 14, and 18 years (55 subjects in all). The children with dyslexia showed highly significant
impairments on all the cerebellar tests, and significant impairment compared even with reading age controls on 11 of the 14
tasks. Deficits on the majority of tests were among the largest found in our research program. The findings, therefore, provide
further intriguing evidence of cerebellar impairment in dyslexia. We speculate that the well-established phonological deficits
in dyslexia may arise initially from inefficient articulatory control attributable to cerebellar impairment. 相似文献
13.
Two groups of adolescents with a childhood history of language impairment were compared with a group of developmentally dyslexic
young people of the same age and nonverbal ability. The study also included two comparison groups of typically developing
children, one of the same age as those in the clinical groups, and a younger comparison group of similar reading level to
the dyslexic students. Tests of spoken and written language skills revealed that the adolescents with dyslexia were indistinguishable
from those with resolved language impairments on spoken language tasks, and both groups performed at age-expected levels.
However, both dyslexic readers and those with resolved specific language impairments showed deficits in phonological awareness.
On written language tasks, a different pattern of performance was apparent. In reading and spelling, adolescents with dyslexia
performed only as well as those with persistent oral language impairments and younger controls. However, their reading comprehension
was better. The theoretical and educational implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
14.
This study was designed to examine whether the phonetic regularity of a language can significantly influence the prevalence and pattern of developmental dyslexia. Demographically matched samples of fifth-grade children in Italy (N = 448) and the United States (N = 1,278) were evaluated to identify children with specific reading disabilities. Reading disabled children with average intelligence were compared to normal controls on a series of neuropsychological tests to evaluate specific cognitive deficits associated with reading disorders in each country. The findings suggested that (a) dyslexia is more prevalent in the United States than in Italy, (b) reading disabilities are strongly associated with disorders of verbal processing in both countries, although some American dyslexics also show visual-motor deficits, and (c) there is a greater dissociation between reading comprehension and decoding in Italian than in English. 相似文献
15.
Kindergarten children at risk of developing language problems were administered the Florida Kindergarten Screening Battery.
A principal components analysis revealed a verbal and a visual-spatial component and subsequent discriminant function analyses
a high verbal/low visual-spatial group (LAL: Latent L) and a high visual-spatial/low verbal group (LAP: Latent P). LAL- and
LAP-children were considered at risk for developing an L- or P-type of dyslexia, respectively. As is common practice with
children suffering from manifest L- or P- dyslexia, the LAL- and LAP-kindergartners received right and left hemisphere stimulation,
respectively. The outcomes were compared with those of bilateral hemispheric stimulation and no intervention. Reading tests
were administered in primary school Grades 1 and 5/6; teachers’ evaluation of reading took place in Grade 5/6. Overall, the
LAL- and LAP- groups showed significant backwardness in word and text reading, both at early and late primary school. Types
of intervention made a difference though: not significantly backward in early word, late word, and late text reading were
the LAL-children who had received right hemisphere stimulation. Nonintervened LAP-children did not show significant backwardness
in early word reading and late text reading, nor did LAP-children who had received left hemisphere or bilateral stimulation.
Early text reading was not affected by any treatment. Teacher’s evaluations were in support of these findings. 相似文献
16.
Native Arabic speakers read in a language variety that is different from the one they use for everyday speech. The aim of the present study was: (1) to examine Spoken Arabic (SpA) and Standard Arabic (StA) voweled and unvoweled word reading among native-speaking sixth graders with developmental dyslexia; and (2) to determine whether SpA reading ability among children with dyslexia predicts StA reading fluency in the two orthographies: voweled and unvoweled. A comparison was made to three age groups of typically developing children: a group matched by chronological age, a group of children who are two years younger, and a group of children who are 4 years younger. Findings show that diglossia has a strong impact on reading ability in dyslexic children. Moreover, vowelization plays a pivotal role in the reading ability of Arabic-speaking children with dyslexia in both SpA and StA. This role is evident in the different performance patterns of dyslexic participants as compared with controls on word-reading accuracy and fluency for SpA versus StA. Finally, StA word-reading fluency appears to depend on and to be reliably and powerfully predicted by SpA word-level reading ability. These results underscore the role of diglossia and vowelization in the manifestation of dyslexia in Arabic-speaking children. 相似文献
17.
This study evaluated the efficacy of the computer-assisted intervention program known as Fast ForWord Language in a sample of children in grades 1 through 6 referred for poor academic performance. Fast ForWord Language combines intensive training in multiple receptive language skills with adaptive acoustic waveform lengthening and amplification to remediate deficits in auditory temporal processing that are purported to be the root cause of developmental language disorders and many reading disabilities. Students in the treatment group were matched with students in a no-contact control group and all were assessed in four domains before and immediately after the 4–8 week intervention: (a) oral language competency; (b) phonological processing abilities; (c) basic reading skills; and (d) classroom behavior. Except for performance on a measure of expressive oral language, on which children in the treatment group achieved significantly greater gains than those in the control group, changes in test scores from pretest to posttest were equivalent for the two groups. However, when the lowest performing students in each group were compared, the children in the treatment group demonstrated superior gains in expressive oral language, syllable and sound blending, and reduction in problem behaviors. Thus, Fast ForWord Language had a positive, albeit limited impact on the oral language skills, academic performance, and social behaviors of some children in this study. However, due to methodological weaknesses and limited treatment fidelity, the study results must be interpreted cautiously. 相似文献
18.
The present study evaluated the idea that the hemisphere-specific cognitive demands of reading and writing may induce task-specific maladaptive patterns of language lateralization in children with dyslexia. Situation-specific lateralization was examined in a repeated measures design under three dichotic listening conditions: baseline, concurrent reading, and concurrent writing. Twelve males with phonological dyslexia, 8 to 12 years old, were compared to 12 age-matched and 12 younger reading-matched good readers. Lateralization patterns were examined for condition-specific relationships to pseudoword decoding, word recognition, reading comprehension, spelling, and arithmetic. The results show that dyslexia is not related to incomplete lateralization or to a failure to inhibit verbal processing in the right hemisphere during reading and writing. Reading increased the lateralization of the children with dyslexia, which had a negative relation to arithmetic; writing caused a decrease in lateralization, which was linked specifically to deficits in phonological decoding and visual word recognition. The results suggest that children with dyslexia suffer from a selective linguistic vulnerability to left-hemisphere interference from the idiosyncratic attentional and processing demands of particular school tasks. Dyslexia is a much more dynamic and environmentally sensitive disorder than previously thought. 相似文献
19.
The purpose of the present study was twofold: (a) to examine the extent to which Chinese dyslexic children experience deficits in phonological and orthographic processing skills and (b) to examine if Chinese dyslexia is associated with deficits in Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive (PASS) processing. A total of 27 Grade 4 children with dyslexia (DYS), 27 Grade 4 chronological age (CA) controls, and 27 Grade 2 reading age (RA) controls were tested on measures of phonological awareness, rapid naming, phonological memory, PASS, reading accuracy, and reading fluency. The results indicated that the DYS group performed significantly poorer than the CA and RA groups on both measures of phonological awareness and on a measure of orthographic processing but comparably to the RA group on a measure of rapid naming and both measures of phonological memory. In regard to the PASS processing skills, the DYS group performed worse than the CA controls on Successive and Simultaneous processing but comparably to the RA group on all PASS processing skills. Implications of these findings for early identification and intervention of reading difficulties are discussed. 相似文献
20.
There is a growing body of evidence that children with dyslexia have problems not just in reading but in a range of skills
including several unrelated to reading. In an attempt to compare the severity and incidence of deficits across these varied
domains, children with dyslexia (mean ages 8, 12, and 16 years), and control groups of normally achieving children matched
for IQ and for age or reading age, were tested on a range of primitive (basic) skills. The children with dyslexia performed
significantly worse than the same-age controls on most tasks, and significantly worse even than the reading-age controls on
phoneme segmentation, picture naming speed, word tachistoscopic word recognition, speeded bead threading and some balance
tasks. The overall performance of the children with dyslexia is interpreted as showing less complete automatization than normal. 相似文献