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1.
Does the public communication of science influence scientific vocation? Results of a national survey
Stekolschik G Draghi C Adaszko D Gallardo S 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2010,19(5):625-637
The purpose of this work was to determine if public communication of science and technology (PCST) has any influence on people's decision to become dedicated to scientific research. For this reason, a national survey involving 852 researchers from all disciplines was conducted in Argentina. The results showed that the factors affecting scientific vocation are many, and that, regardless of differences in gender, age or discipline, the greatest influence on the decision to go into scientific research is exerted by teachers. The analysis also demonstrated that different manifestations of PCST (science books, press articles, audiovisual material, and activities such as visits to science museums) play a significant role in awakening the vocation for science. From these results it may be stated that PCST--in addition to its function of informing and forming citizens--exerts a significant influence in fostering scientific vocation. 相似文献
2.
While ideology can have a strong effect on citizen understanding of science, it is unclear how ideology interacts with other complicating factors, such as college education, which influence citizens' comprehension of information. We focus on public understanding of climate change science and test the hypotheses: [H1] as citizens' ideology shifts from liberal to conservative, concern for global warming decreases; [H2] citizens with college education and higher general science literacy tend to have higher concern for global warming; and [H3] college education does not increase global warming concern for conservative ideologues. We implemented a survey instrument in California's San Francisco Bay Area, and employed regression models to test the effects of ideology and other socio-demographic variables on citizen concern about global warming, terrorism, the economy, health care and poverty. We are able to confirm H1 and H3, but reject H2. Various strategies are discussed to improve the communication of climate change science across ideological divides. 相似文献
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Gooday G Lynch JM Wilson KG Barsky CK 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2008,99(2):322-330
This essay argues that science education can gain from close engagement with the history of science both in the training of prospective vocational scientists and in educating the broader public about the nature of science. First it shows how historicizing science in the classroom can improve the pedagogical experience of science students and might even help them turn into more effective professional practitioners of science. Then it examines how historians of science can support the scientific education of the general public at a time when debates over "intelligent design" are raising major questions over the kind of science that ought to be available to children in their school curricula. It concludes by considering further work that might be undertaken to show how history of science could be of more general educational interest and utility, well beyond the closed academic domains in which historians of science typically operate. 相似文献
4.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2005,(4)
An advisory and reviewboard for the development of sci-ence clusters was set up and heldits first meeting on Sept. 28 inBeijing.The functions of the newlyestablished panel is to conductindependent evaluations on thedevelopment of the clusters, of-fer suggestions on major policy-making issues, and help CAS en-force the guidance of the clus-ters at the macroscopic level.Co-chaired by CAS PresidentLU Yongxiang and President ofthe China Association for Sciencea n d Te c h n o l o g y Z H O… 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(2):102832
This paper applies text analytics to study how the orientation of an endorsement strategy affects the public's willingness to participate in citizen science projects. Using 850 citizen science projects with 1,243 endorsements from an online citizen science platform Experiment.com as corpus, the orientation of the endorsement strategies is detected using the naïve Bayesian inference model with a Laplace estimator. Our results inform that 39% of the endorsements are persona-oriented while 61% are content-oriented. A persona-oriented endorsement strategy draws more participants but reduces the per capita invested. A content-oriented endorsement strategy has the opposite effect. Further, the project initiator's identity strengthens or weakens the effect of the endorsement orientation strategy. In the number of participants model, the projects initiated by the professional scientists and research students are positively moderated by persona-orientation endorsements, whereas the projects initiated by the amateur researchers are negatively moderated. The converse holds for the per capita invested model. 相似文献
7.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,(2)
While constantly revealing the laws of the objective world and of mankind itself, science, and technology, whose development is based on the former, have greatly advanced the productive forces of society and brought about 相似文献
8.
This paper addresses the use of metaphors in creating public representations of biotechnology in the United Kingdom's leading quality press. Metaphors referring to biotechnology and its applications have been analyzed in press articles covering the period 1973-1996. The paper describes how metaphors can be used to popularize complex technical information while at the same time providing a highly charged message about the technology itself. The analysis draws conclusions about the content and general direction of the debate on biotechnology during the past three decades. 相似文献
9.
Maienschein J Laubichler M Loettgers A 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2008,99(2):341-349
History of science has developed into a methodologically diverse discipline, adding greatly to our understanding of the interplay between science, society, and culture. Along the way, one original impetus for the then newly emerging discipline--what George Sarton called the perspective "from the point of view of the scientist"--dropped out of fashion. This essay shows, by means of several examples, that reclaiming this interaction between science and history of science yields interesting perspectives and new insights for both science and history of science. The authors consequently suggest that historians of science also adopt this perspective as part of their methodological repertoire. 相似文献
10.
Jason W. Patton 《Ethics and Information Technology》2000,2(3):181-187
While maintaining the importance of privacy for critical evaluations of surveillance technologies, I suggest that privacy also constrains the debate by framing analyses in terms of the individual. Public space provides a site for considering what is at stake with surveillance technologies besides privacy. After describing two accounts of privacy and one of public space, I argue that surveillance technologies simultaneously add an ambiguityand a specificity to public places that are detrimental to the social, cultural, and civic importance of these places. By making public places accessible to other places and/or times, surveillance technologies make these social contexts ambiguous by blurring their spatial and temporal bounds. At the same time, surveillancetechnologies valence public places in functionally specificways that are detrimental to informal civic life. To complement defensive approaches to surveillance technologies based onindividual privacy, I conclude by suggesting how sociality as a relational value or an ethics of place as a contextual value could provide a proactive line of reasoning for affirming the value ofthat which is between people and places. 相似文献
11.
Emilio Raiteri 《Research Policy》2018,47(5):936-952
Innovative public procurement is increasingly considered as a form of public support for private innovation activities by both innovation scholars and policymakers. Economic historians have suggested an even more fundamental role of public procurement in setting the pace of technological change, reporting how defense-related procurement has had a major impact on the emergence and diffusion of many general purpose technologies developed in the United States in the 20th century. In this paper, I suggest that procurement might represent one of the most important elements in creating the right soil to ‘cultivate’ a technology that may have the potential to reach high levels of pervasiveness. To test this hypothesis, I make use of patent data and patent citations. I design a quasi-experiment to compare the changes in the level of generality level over time, between a group of treated and a group of control patents. A patent is assigned to the treatment group if it receives a citation from a patent related to public procurement. Results suggest a positive and significant impact of innovative public procurement on the generality of a patent. 相似文献
12.
Alexander A 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2011,102(3):475-480
Up until the 1950s, the history of mathematics was an integral part of the history of science. To George Sarton and his contemporaries, mathematics was the rational skeleton that organized science and held it together, and its history was a fundamental component of the broader history of science. But when historians began focusing on the cultural roots of science rather than its rational structure, the study of mathematics was marginalized and ultimately excluded from the history of science. The alienation between the two fields is detrimental to both, and in recent years there has been a sustained effort to reestablish meaningful communication between the two. This time, however, mathematics is seen not as the static skeleton of science but, instead, as a dynamic and historically evolving field in its own right-just like science itself. The new approach allows for a culturally sensitive study of mathematics, as well as a new and fruitful relationship between the history of science and the history of mathematics. The essays in this Focus section offer a sampling of the new approaches, opening the way to a rapprochement between fields that have gone their separate ways but should by rights be closely interconnected. 相似文献
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Eskildsen KR 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2012,103(1):24-53
The Danish amateur scholar Christian Jürgensen Thomsen has often been described as a founder of modern "scientific" archaeology. Thomsen's innovation, this essay argues, reflects developments within neighboring fields, such as philology and history. He reacted against historians who limited themselves to histories of texts and therefore abandoned the earliest human history. Instead, he proposed a new history of objects, which included the entire history of humankind. Thomsen's work as director of the Royal Museum of Nordic Antiquities in Copenhagen was especially important for this renewal. The arrangement of artifacts not only helped him formulate his theories, but also allowed him to present his arguments in a language of objects. At the same time, Thomsen's definition of archaeology as a museum science placed his branch of archaeology in a closer relationship with other museum sciences, such as geology and comparative anatomy. From the 1840s, Thomsen's museum became a model for how the study of human artifacts could deliver scientific insights into human nature and the laws of human development. 相似文献
15.
《Research Policy》2023,52(3):104708
This paper discusses the SEU approach with regard to its “jurisdiction”; i.e. where it should and where it should not be applied. It is argued that the SEU approach must address the fundamental tension between exploration and exploitation; that it should be applied only to disciplines or fields that have low degrees of both technical and strategic uncertainties; and that funders need to prevent the SEU approach from spilling over to evaluations of exploratory projects, for which it is clearly not suited. In addition, the paper argues that the SEU approach needs to respond to the “fund people, not projects” argument. Finally, it calls for many more empirical and preferably experimental studies with the aim of shedding light on how the SEU approach works in practice. In this regard, novel techniques should be used more frequently than today, such as specification curve analysis that encompasses all reasonable explanatory specifications that are both theoretically consistent and statistically valid and non-redundant. 相似文献
16.
《中国专利与商标》2007,(2)
On 27 December 2006,the State Intellectual Property Office(SIPO)submitted the Draft Amendment to the Patent Law of People's Republic of China(the Draft Amendment)to the State Council for review,which indicates that the work on the third amendment to the Patent Law has entered the stage of the State Council review.The whole legislative process for the third amendment to the Patent Law is expected to be fi- nalised in 2008. 相似文献
17.
Cassidy A 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2005,14(2):115-141
This paper presents findings from quantitative analyses of UK press and print media coverage of evolutionary psychology during the 1990s. It argues that evolutionary psychology presents an interesting case for studies of science in the media in several different ways. First, press coverage of evolutionary psychology was found to be closely linked with the publications of popular books on the subject. Secondly, when compared to coverage of other subjects, a higher proportion of academics and authors wrote about evolutionary psychology in the press, contributing to the development of a scientific controversy in the public domain. Finally, it was found that evolutionary psychology coverage appeared in different areas of the daily press, and was rarely written about by specialist science journalists. The possible reason for these features are then explored, including the boom in popular science publishing during the 1990s, evolutionary psychology's status as a new subject of study and discussion, and the nature of the subject its as theoretically based and with a human, "everyday" subject matter. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(1):13-15
<正>1.Neutrino research occupies an important position in particle physics In 1930,Austrian physicist Pauli[1]proposed the neutrino hypothesis to explain the loss of energy in the process of beta decay.But since neutrinos are uncharged and nearly massless(less than one millionth of the electron mass)and rarely interact with other matter(interact via only the weak force and gravity),they are very diffi cult to detect.For that reason,for a long time,neutrinos only appeared in the equations of theoretical physicists and experiments had failed to confirm their existence.In 1934,Italian physicist Fermi proposed the theory of beta decay that incorporates the neutrino,which was quantitatively consistent with experimental data.In 1941,Chinese physicist WANG 相似文献
19.
Michael Zimmer 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(4):313-325
In 2008, a group of researchers publicly released profile data collected from the Facebook accounts of an entire cohort of
college students from a US university. While good-faith attempts were made to hide the identity of the institution and protect
the privacy of the data subjects, the source of the data was quickly identified, placing the privacy of the students at risk.
Using this incident as a case study, this paper articulates a set of ethical concerns that must be addressed before embarking
on future research in social networking sites, including the nature of consent, properly identifying and respecting expectations
of privacy on social network sites, strategies for data anonymization prior to public release, and the relative expertise
of institutional review boards when confronted with research projects based on data gleaned from social media. 相似文献
20.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,(2)
A new plant species recently ferreted out from the fossil trove of the world-famous Jehol biota sheds fresh insight into the origin of angiosperms. 相似文献