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1.
Shamsul H. Mahmud Judith R. Warchal Ayumt Masuchi Rafiq Ahmed Axel Schoelmerich 《美中教育评论》2009,6(7):29-44
The study aimed to assess and compare the values prevalent among the students and teachers of Universities in Bangladesh, Japan, USA and Germany. The sample consisted of 480 students and 236 teachers. The sample included 120 undergraduate students Japan; 120 undergraduate students from Bangladesh; 120 undergraduate students from USA, and 120 undergraduate students from Germany. The faculty sample included 60 teachers from Japan, 60 teachers from Bangladesh; 60 teachers from USA, and 56 teachers from Germany. To identify the value preferences of the individuals a list of 10 values, pro-social, achievement, power over others, security, self direction, otherworldliness, fatalism, narcissism, inner directed, and conservative, based on previous values studies by Singh and Parek were prepared. The first five values were identified in previous studies as functional （Singh, 1975） and other five were identified as dysfunctional （Parek, 1988） in the context of national development of Asian cultures. The results revealed that Bangladeshi students held stronger preferences for values identified as functional values than for those identified as dysfunctional. Japanese students indicated stronger preferences for the values identified as functional values except narcissism. The American students indicated a preference for three of the five values identified as functional but also ranked narcissism and other worldliness as third and fifth preferred values respectively. German student showed a preference for functional values, except narcissism which they also ranked as third. Bangladeshi teachers＇ preferences for functional values were higher than dysfunctional values. Japanese teachers indicated a preference for functional values except narcissism. American teachers preferred functional values except other worldliness. German teachers＇ value preferences were also functional, except for narcissism which they ranked as fifth. Students and teachers in the four countries sampled indicate preferences for values identified as functional with few exceptions. This research suggests that value preferences among university students and teachers are more similar than different, suggesting a homogenizing effect （Boli, 2005） on human values. 相似文献
2.
Jane B. Keat Jane M. Wilburne 《美中教育评论》2009,6(7):61-67
This paper presents a mixed methods study that explored how storybooks influence kindergarten children＇s mathematical achievement and approaches to mathematics learning. Teachers＇ observations and research stating primary grade children＇s lack of mathematical knowledge and negative attitudes towards mathematics served as the impetus for the study. Three kindergarten teachers taught a mathematics unit using various children＇s storybooks and the characters in the stories as the context for mathematical problems. The results of the study show an impact on students＇ mathematical achievement as well as the identification of four themes that emerged on how students＇ approaches to learning were influenced when storybooks were integrated into the mathematics unit. 相似文献
3.
Landscape design for a green community should be favorable for the ambient ecological environment and for enhancement of both the local climate of a residential area and the environmental quality of life. This paper presents optimization methods for plant landscape design that take account of results of comparisons of noise reduction effects, heat island temperature decreases and effects on ventilation. These methods are based on different plant configurations and various luminous environments, such as exterior sunshine and shaded areas after the simulation of exterior luminous, acoustic and thermal environments of a residential area using the analytic software ECOTECT, CADNA/A, and PHEONICS. Three different types of residential buildings are simulated including a faculty apartment in the Xixi Campus of Zhejiang University, the Huaqing Villa and the Gangwan Jiayuan faculty apartment of Zhejiang University, China, based on green building design theory. In addition, the methods and process flow of landscape design of green residential areas are also described for the improvement of the exterior physical living environment. 相似文献
4.
A cluster analyzing algorithm based on grids is introduced in this paper,which is applied to data mining in the city emergency system. In the previous applications, data mining was based on the method of analyzing points and lines, which was not efficient enough in dealing with the geographic information in units of police areas. The proposed algorithm maps an event set stored as a point set to a grid unit set, utilizes the cluster algorithm based on grids to find out all the clusters, and shows the results in the method of visualization. The algorithm performs well when dealing with high dimensional data sets and immense data. It is suitable for the data mining based on geographic information system and is supportive to decision-makings in the city emergency system. 相似文献
5.
光栅投射技术在逆向工程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Acquisition of physical data with high precision is a key step in reverse engineering ( RE). It is an important stimulative for the progress of reverse engineering with which various digitizing devices are invented, developed and made applicable. This paper introduces a three dimensional optical measurement method based on digital fringe projection technique in RE to improve the technique through its application. A practical example is presented and the result demonstrates the applicability and feasibility of the measurement system as well as the reliability and validity of relevant methods and algorithms. 相似文献
6.
This essay is a research report, which is based on results of grammatical error analysis and interviews with linguistic teachers. These researches are conducted in four language streams, namely, Chinese, Spanish, Korean and Japanese. It will talk about problems identified in all these four language streams, with Chinese as the focus. Although according to various definitions, translation competence includes several parts, which are all required for a professional translator; this essay covers mainly the linguistic competence with tense and aspect issue as the main point. Meanwhile, some major causes of mistakes will be identified, such as interference of mother tongue, lack of second language proficiency. In the end, some possible ways for improvement are presented for reaching what are needed for a professional translator. 相似文献
7.
A unity transformation model (UTM) was presented for flexible NC machining of spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears. The model can support various machining methods for Gleason spiral bevel gears and hypoid gears, including generation machining and formation machining for wheel or pinion on a universal five-axis machining center, and then directly produce NC codes for the selected machining method. Wheel machining and pinion machining under UTM were simulated in Vericut 6.0 and tested on a five-axis machining center TDNC-W2000 with NC unit TDNC-H8. The results from simulation and real-cut verify the feasibility of gear machining under UTM as well as the correctness of NC codes. 相似文献
8.
Copy number variants (CNVs) are pieces of genomic DNA of 1000 base pairs or longer which occur in a given genome at a different frequency than in a reference genome. Their importance as a source for phenotypic variability has been recognized only in the last couple of years. Chromosomal deletions can be seen as a special case of CNVs where stretches of DNA are missing in certain lines when compared to the reference genome of the mouse line C57BL/6, for example. Based upon more than 8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fifteen inbred mouse lines which were determined in a whole genome chip based resequencing project by Perlegen Sciences, we detected 20166 such long chromosomal deletions. They cover altogether between 4.4 million and 8.8 million base pairs, depending on the mouse line. Thus, their extent is comparable to that of SNPs. The chromosomal deletions were found by searching for clusters of missing values in the genotyping data by applying bioinformatics and biostatistical methods. In contrast to isolated missing values, clusters are likely the consequence of missing DNA probe rather than of a failed hybridization or deficient oligos. We analyzed these deletion sites in various ways. Twenty-two percent of these deletion sites overlap with exons; they could therefore affect a gene's functioning. The corresponding genes seem to exist in alternative forms, a phenomenon that reminds of the alternative forms of mRNA generated during gene splicing. We furthermore detected statistically significant association between hundreds of deletion sites and fat weight at the age of eight weeks. 相似文献
9.
ZENG Han-rong WANG Xiao-ping ZHANG Xue-jiao 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(12):2027-2031
In this paper, a low-cost measurement approach with bi-beam was presented, which can be used for real-time detection and online analysis of solution refractive index, based on systematical analysis and experiments of conventional detection methods on surface plasmon resonance sensor. This novel method was analyzed theoretically and based on it a sensor system set was established. The factors that affect the sensor's sensitivity and working range were discussed. The angular adjustment setup was simplified, errors produced by movable components were avoided and the maneuverability was enhanced with this new method. The noiseproof feature and stability of the sensor system were greatly improved as well. 相似文献
10.
The various stages and progress in the development of interconnect materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) over the last two decades are reviewed. The criteria for the application of materials as interconnects are highlighted. Interconnects based on lanthanum chromite ceramics demonstrate many inherent drawbacks and therefore are only useful for SOFCs operating around 1000℃. The advance in the research of anode-supported flat SOFCs facilitates the replacement of ceramic interconnects with metallic ones due to their significantly lowered working temperature. Besides, interconnects made of metals or alloys offer many advantages as compared to their ceramic counterpart. The oxidation response and thermal expansion behaviors of various prospective metallic interconnects are examined and evaluated. The minimization of contact resistance to achieve desired and reliable stack performance during their projected lifetime still remains a highly challenging issue with metallic interconnects. Inexpensive coati 相似文献
11.
Population structure and linkage disequilibrium in elite barley breeding germplasm from the United States 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hao Zhou Gary Muehlbauer Brian Steffenson 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2012,13(6):438-451
Cultivated barley is known to have a complex population structure and extensive linkage disequilibrium (LD). To conduct robust association mapping (AM) studies of economically important traits in US barley breeding germplasm, population structure and LD decay were examined in a complete panel of US barley breeding germplasm (3 840 lines) genotyped with 3 072 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Nine subpopulations (sp1‒sp9) were identified by the program STRUCTURE and subsequently confirmed by principle component analysis (PCA). Out of the nine subpopulations, seven were very similar to the respective subpopulations identified by Hamblin et al. (2010) which were based on half of the germplasm and half of the SNP markers, but two subpopulations were found to be new. One subpopulation was dominated by six-rowed spring lines from Utah State University (UT) and the other was composed of six-rowed spring lines from multiple breeding programs (USDA-ARS Aberdeen (AB), Busch Agricultural Resources Inc. (BA), UT, and Washington State University (WA)). LD was found to decay across a range from 4.0 to 19.8 cM. This result indicates that the germplasm genotyped with 3 072 SNPs would be robust for mapping and possibly identifying the causal polymorphisms contributing to disease resistance and perhaps other traits. 相似文献
12.
Sixty-seven participants (39 men and 28 women), ranging in age from 26 to 79 years, were administered Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) on three occasions. Although total APM scores were found to be highly reliable across the three occasions, the reliabilities of most individual items were extremely low. A single-factor model remained a borderline adequate fit (explaining approximately 20% of the variance) for the interitem correlation matrix on all three occasions. Total APM scores increased significantly across the three occasions (approximately two items per occasion). Improvements in total score across the occasions happened within a context of subjects changing both correct and incorrect responses from the previous occasion. The number of items left unanswered was found to be unrelated to both APM score on any given occasion and the amount of gain in score made across occasions. These findings suggest that the improvements in performance were not based on the acquisition of a strategy design to respond to more items or on the retention of item-specific information, but rather, the improvement reflected learning, something common to the types of items found in the APM. 相似文献
13.
采用土表接种的方法,对145份适合于淮河流域种植的小麦品种(系)进行了赤霉病的抗性鉴定和评价。以病小穗率为指标,与株高、穗长、旗叶长和旗叶宽等农艺性状做了相关性分析。结果表明,能够直接应用于大田生产的赤霉病抗性品种比较匮乏,145份材料中没有发现达到免疫和抗病水平的品系,2份达到中抗水平,46份材料表现为中感,10份材料介于中感至感病之间,87份材料表现为感病。从材料地理来源上看,仅有来自江苏的种质存在较好的抗病基因资源,而山东、安徽和河南地区的小麦品系普遍缺乏抗病性。相关性分析显示,病小穗率与株高极显著负相关,与旗叶长和旗叶宽极显著正相关,感病性的降低和丰产性的提高存在矛盾。 相似文献
14.
Xuezhu Ren Frank Goldhammer Helfried Moosbrugger Karl Schweizer 《Learning and individual differences》2012,22(1):1-7
The aim of the present study was to clarify the nature of the ability-specific and position-specific components of Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM) by relating them to a number of types of attention. The ability-specific component represents the constant part of cognitive performance whereas the position-specific component reflects the changes in processing of reasoning items as a result of the changing item position. A special model denoted fixed-links model was used to decompose the data of APM into independent components. Both components were related to two higher-order units of attention, perceptual attention and executive attention, which were derived from the various types of attention. In a sample of 226 participants the position-specific component of APM showed a substantially higher link with executive attention than with perceptual attention whereas the ability-specific component only showed a moderate link with perceptual attention. 相似文献
15.
刘海珍 《读与写:教育教学刊》2007,4(7):65-65,57
当前在教育界,针对中学生开展的心理健康教育如火如荼,方式各异,笔者尝试着在学科教学中渗透心理健康教育,根据学生心理特点与规律,运用心理学方法,设计并实施各种活动方案,让学生在活动中形成良好的心理素质,健康成长。 相似文献
16.
尝试用事后口头报告法对被试完成R.APM的思维过程进行研究,结合对R.APM项目刺激特征分析进行文本编码,分析R.APM图形推理的难度等级。结果发现：（1）口语报告法与项目刺激特征分析理论的结合有助于解决该方法使用中的编码问题;（2）口语报告法在图形推理难度分析中具有可行性,但不能作为实时考察被试思维过程的方法。 相似文献
17.
Peking ducklings were reared for 1–2 weeks with either 9 or 12 companions, which were either conspecifics or imprinting stimuli (blocks of foam rubber). They were then tested for their tendency to distress call as the number of companions was reduced systematically. Consistent with prior research, ducklings reared with conspecifics modulated their distress calling as a function of both the number of companions with which they were reared and the number of companions with which they were tested. In contrast, ducklings reared with moving imprinting stimuli gave few if any distress calls, regardless of the number of stimuli with which they were reared or tested, as long as at least one imprinting stimulus was present. The difference in responding did not reflect just a lack of attachment to the imprinting stimuli, since when all stimuli were removed these ducklings gave as many distress calls as the ducklings that had all their conspecifics removed. Finally, ducklings reared with stationary imprinting stimuli displayed an erratic pattern of distress calling when the number of test stimuli was manipulated. These latter ducklings appeared to be less strongly imprinted than the ducklings reared with either conspecifics or moving imprinting stimuli. Implications for understanding duckling perception of brood size and thenature of sibling vs. filial imprinting are examined. 相似文献
18.
19.
A primary assumption underlying several of the common methods for modeling item response data is unidimensionality, that is, test items tap into only one latent trait. This assumption can be assessed several ways, using nonlinear factor analysis and DETECT, a method based on the item conditional covariances. When multidimensionality is identified, a question of interest concerns the degree to which individual items are related to the latent traits. In cases where an item response is primarily associated with one of these traits it is said that (approximate) simple structure exists, whereas when the item response is related to both traits, the structure is complex. This study investigated the performance of three indices designed to assess the underlying structure present in item response data, two of which are based on factor analysis and one on DETECT. Results of the Monte Carlo simulations show that none of the indices works uniformly well in identifying the structure underlying item responses, although the DETECT r-ratio might be promising in differentiating between approximate simple and complex structures under certain circumstances. 相似文献
20.
柔嫩艾美耳球虫合肥(HF)株的分离与鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
取具有球虫病典型症状的病鸡盲肠内容物,用离心沉浮法收集鸡球虫卵囊,加入适量的2．5％重铬酸钾溶液,置于27℃恒温箱中培养,定时观察卵囊的发育情况,并测量卵囊的大小,再结合病鸡的临床症状和病理变化,初步鉴定为柔嫩艾关耳球虫。为获得纯种柔嫩艾美耳球虫,采用改进的单卵囊分离技术进行分离。即用2％琼脂块分离到单个卵囊后,制成单卵囊胶囊,进行雏鸡单卵囊胶囊人工感染试验,然后将收集到的柔嫩艾美耳球虫进行无球虫鸡体增殖。测量增殖后两代卵囊的大小,卵形指数等形态指标, 并进行差异显著性检验(F检验),结果差异不显著,而且第二代球虫的寄生部位和病理变化与第一代相同,鉴定分离出的球虫为柔嫩艾美耳球虫,暂定为柔嫩艾关耳球虫合肥(HF)株。 相似文献