共查询到15条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
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张新环 《河南科技学院学报》2006,34(1):5-8
RNA干扰作用（RNAi）是通过双链RNA介导的特异性转录后基因沉默，这一过程已在拟南芥、线虫和真菌等多种模式生物中得到提示。RNAi主要通过双链RNA被核酸酶切割成的小干扰RNA（siRNA），由siRNA介导识别并靶向切割同源靶mRNA分子而实现的。RNAi具有高效性和高特异性，已成为关闭基因的一项新技术，在基因功能研究和疾病的基因治疗中具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNAi)是双链RNA(dsRNA)介导的,由特异性引起的转录后基因沉默现象.RNA干扰技术作为基因沉默的有效手段,在肿瘤治疗方面显示出良好的前景.本文就RNAi的作用机制,作用特点及目前在女性卵巢癌治疗中的应用作一简单综述. 相似文献
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RNAi的研究及应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
RNA干扰（RNA interference,RNAi）是由双链RNA（double-stranded RNA,dsRNA）引发的转录后基因沉默机制．RNAi可以调节和关闭基因的表达,进而调控细胞的各种高级生命活动,是真核生物中普遍存在的抵抗病毒入侵、抑制转座子活动、调控基因表达的监控机制．目前RNAi的研究取得了很大进展,有可能为肿瘤基因治疗提供新策略． 相似文献
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曹安堂 《潍坊教育学院学报》2005,18(1):45-49
RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是真核生物中普遍存在的一种自然现象,是由双链RNA (double-stranded RNA,dsRNA)启动的序列特异的转录后基因沉默过程。在这一过程中,双链RNA被核酸内切酶切割成小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA),小干扰RNA与相关的蛋白质结合成RNA 诱导沉默复合体(siRNA-induced silencing complex,RISC),RISC识别并降解靶mRNA。现在认为RNA 干扰是真核生物共有的抗病毒、抗转座子、抗转基因和抗异常RNA的基因组免疫系统。随着RNA干扰的研究,产生了一种新的技术——RNA干扰技术,并得到了广泛的应用。 相似文献
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RNAi是与靶基因序列同源的双链RNA（dsRNA）所诱导的一种特异性基因沉默现象。RNAi是生物体进化过程中抵御外来基因和病毒感染的进化保守机制,是真核生物中存在的一种抗病毒入侵、抑制转座子活动、调控基因表达的监控机制,具有重大生物学意义。RNA干扰技术的发现及其作为基因敲除工具在模式生物、哺乳动物细胞和体内的成功应用的例子确保了它在药学研究中的作用。越来越多的研究显示RNAi在药物研发中显示出极大潜力,目前已有部分RNAi药物进入临床试验阶段。本文将从两个方面来论述RNAi在药学的应用：一是RNAi在药物靶点鉴定中的运用;二是siRNAs作为药物在疾病治疗中的作用。 相似文献
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RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)是近年来发展起来的研究生物体基因表达、调控与功能的一项崭新技术,它利用了由小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA, siRNA)引起的生物细胞内同源基因的特异性沉默(silencing)现象,其本质是siRNA与对应的mRNA特异结合、降解,从而阻止mRNA的翻译.RNAi是生物进化的结果,是生物体对病毒基因外源核酸侵入的一种保护性反应.它普遍存在于各种生物中,具有抗病毒、稳定转座子及监控异常表达mRNA的生物学功能.RNA干扰现象不仅能提供一种经济、快捷、高效的抑制基因表达的技术手段,而且有可能在基因功能测定、基因治疗等方面开辟一条新思路. 相似文献
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通过实验手段向细胞内导入长的双链RNA或者转基因可以产生一些短片段的双链RNA,这些短片段的双链RNA可以通过促使特定基因的mRNA降解来高效、特异地阻断体内特定基因的表达,使细胞出现特定基因缺失的表型,称为RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)。SiRNA(small interference RNA)就是这种短片段双链RNA分子,能够以序列同源互补的mRNA为靶目标,降解特定的mRNA。基本上所有的生物体内也都存在一种内源的小分子RNA,为单链RNA,由基因组转录生成,但是不编码蛋白质,它们的功能在于调节mRNA的翻译,称为miRNA,是由具有发夹结构的前体剪切产生的。RNAi的发现具有划时代的意义,它不仅揭示了细胞内基因沉默的机制,而且有望成为后基因组时代基因功能分析的有力工具,极大地促进了人类揭示生命奥秘的进程。 相似文献
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How golden is silence? Teaching undergraduates the power and limits of RNA interference 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Kuldell NH 《CBE life sciences education》2006,5(3):247-254
It is hard and getting harder to strike a satisfying balance in teaching. Time dedicated to student-generated models or ideas is often sacrificed in an effort to “get through the syllabus.” I describe a series of RNA interference (RNAi) experiments for undergraduate students that simultaneously explores fundamental concepts in gene regulation, develops cutting-edge laboratory skills, and embraces student-directed learning. Students design a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against luciferase, add it to cells expressing this gene, and then quantitatively assess the siRNA's effect on both intended and unintended targets, using a luciferase assay and a DNA microarray. Because both RNAi and microarray technologies are relatively new, with no clear consensus on their analysis or limitations, students are encouraged to explore different approaches to the design of their reagents and interpretations of their data. The ability to creatively formulate a hypothesis-driven experimental approach to a scientific question and to critically evaluate collected data is stressed. Equally important, this experiment emphasizes how modern scientific ideas emerge, are debated, tested, and decided. 相似文献
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful method to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and is generating interest not only as a useful tool for research scientists but also as a novel class of therapeutics in clinical trials. Here, we report that undergraduate and graduate students with a basic molecular biology background were able to demonstrate conceptual knowledge and technical skills for using RNAi as a research tool upon completion of an intensive 8-wk RNAi course with a 2-h lecture and 5-h laboratory per week. Students were instructed on design of RNAi experiments in model organisms and perform multiweek laboratory sessions based on journal articles read and discussed in class. Using Nicotiana benthamiana, Caenorhabditis elegans, and mammalian cell culture, students analyzed the extent of silencing using both qualitative assessment of phenotypic variations and quantitative measurements of RNA levels or protein levels. We evaluated the course over two semesters, each with a separate instructor. In both semesters, we show students met expected learning outcomes as demonstrated by successful laboratory experiment results, as well as positive instructor assessments of exams and lab reports. Student self-assessments revealed increased confidence in conceptual knowledge and practical skills. Our data also suggest that the course is adaptable to different instructors with varying expertise. 相似文献
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Wei Wang Li Wang Xin-xiu Li Xia Chen Hai-yan Zhang Yu He Jing-jing Wang Yong-yan Zhao Bao-le Zhang Yin-xue Xu 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2010,11(9):719-727
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play a critical role in the growth and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells (GCs). BMP signals
act through membrane-bound heteromeric serine/threonine kinase receptors. Upon ligand binding, BMPs activate intracellular
Smad proteins and regulate growth and apoptosis in various cell types. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the
effects of BMP/Smad signal on growth and steroidogenesis of porcine GCs. A strategy of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated ‘gene
silencing’ of Smad4, a core molecule mediating the intracellular BMP/Smad signal transduction pathways, was used to interrupt
endogenous BMP/Smad signaling. Results indicate that Smad4-small interfering RNA (siRNA) caused specific inhibition of Smad4
mRNA and protein expression after transfection. Interrupted endogenous BMP/Smad signaling significantly inhibited growth,
and induced apoptosis of porcine GCs, while decreasing estradiol production. In addition, interrupted BMP/Smad signaling significantly
(P<0.05) changed the expression of Cyclin D2, CDK4, Bcl-2, and Cyp19a1. These findings provide new insights into how BMP/Smad signaling regulates the growth and steroidogenesis of porcine GCs. 相似文献
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Scientists routinely integrate information from various channels to explore topics under study. We designed a 4-wk undergraduate laboratory module that used a multifaceted approach to study a question in molecular genetics. Specifically, students investigated whether Caenorhabditis elegans can be a useful model system for studying genes associated with human disease. In a large-enrollment, sophomore-level laboratory course, groups of three to four students were assigned a gene associated with either breast cancer (brc-1), Wilson disease (cua-1), ovarian dysgenesis (fshr-1), or colon cancer (mlh-1). Students compared observable phenotypes of wild-type C. elegans and C. elegans with a homozygous deletion in the assigned gene. They confirmed the genetic deletion with nested polymerase chain reaction and performed a bioinformatics analysis to predict how the deletion would affect the encoded mRNA and protein. Students also performed RNA interference (RNAi) against their assigned gene and evaluated whether RNAi caused a phenotype similar to that of the genetic deletion. As a capstone activity, students prepared scientific posters in which they presented their data, evaluated whether C. elegans was a useful model system for studying their assigned genes, and proposed future directions. Assessment showed gains in understanding genotype versus phenotype, RNAi, common bioinformatics tools, and the utility of model organisms. 相似文献