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1.
儿童贫困是世界各国面临的共同难题.日本自2013年起先后制定了《儿童贫困对策推进法》与《儿童贫困对策大纲》,建立了以教育为先、四位一体的综合政策体系,旨在通过教育赋能消除贫困代际传递.政策重点在于扩大学前教育及高中阶段教育机会,采用服务支持与现金支持结合的形式,政府主导、社会力量参与保障政策资源.纵向完善了贯穿学前教育... 相似文献
2.
边境少数民族地区能否顺利脱贫是我国脱贫攻坚取得全面胜利的关键环节,也是国家安全、区域经济发展与社会和谐的重大议题。地形地貌限制、机会与资源有限且分配模式相对固化是其贫困文化的内核。本研究以云南省怒江傈僳族自治州和德宏傣族景颇族自治州两个边境少数民族地区的教育脱贫攻坚政策实践为例,阐释了边境少数民族地区的贫困特征与特殊挑战,从杜绝因学致贫、阻断代际贫困、促进民族团结、辐射边境教育等方面分析了教育脱贫攻坚政策的效能,并指出教育脱贫攻坚政策的设计与实施基本是按照教育外部因素和内部因素两层逻辑展开。 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Educational Development》2006,26(4):352-362
In this article we explore education policy changes in South Africa through a rights-based framework. We situate our analysis in the context of deepening poverty and inequality arguing that progress (or the lack thereof) in schools cannot be divorced from poverty and its consequences. We show that education reform in South Africa has been situated within a policy frame that results in a tension between cost recovery and redressing historical backlogs. We argue that the introduction of user fees and the burden of other costs have rendered abstract the idea of education as a ‘right’. The definition of rights is extended to include the quality of education and educational opportunities. We question the constitutional and legislative romanticism surrounding a rights-based discourse and encourage a re-conceptualisation of human rights in education. Finally, we examine the resurgence of education social movements in relation to democratisation, educational transformation and human rights in South Africa. 相似文献
4.
Access to post‐secondary education for welfare recipients has been profoundly curtailed by social and welfare policies. However, many low‐income mothers know that post‐secondary education is the best means to escape poverty. This article focuses on five ‘student mothers’ who have persisted in fulfilling their dreams of a college education with the aid of Beyond Welfare, a community‐based organization (CBO) that helps soften the hardships of juggling family, college, and work while in poverty. Based on interviews with five Beyond Welfare participants, this article explores the organization’s role in supporting the student mothers’ personal and academic success. This article illustrates how important it is for student mothers to have a supportive community, education focused on the structural barriers to leaving poverty, and encouragement for academic success. To conclude, the article reflects on why educators need to become involved in activism and research on behalf of low‐income families. 相似文献
5.
Lance D. Fusarelli 《Peabody Journal of Education》2015,90(5):677-690
Using international data on child well-being and educational attainment, this article compares child well-being in the United States to member countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Multiple measures of child well-being are analyzed, such as material well-being (including poverty, unemployment, and income inequality), child health and safety (birth weight, infant mortality, health care, and childcare), educational attainment, and family and peer relationships (including generational cleavages). Using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory as an organizational framework, the impact and interrelatedness of these systems on educational attainment are examined, with parallels drawn between a nation's social policies, child well-being, and educational attainment. The author asserts that social policy in the United States is more comprehensive than is commonly believed, although the redistributive benefits of social policies are allocated much differently compared to OECD countries. Explanations for comparative differences in social policy include differences in political culture and political development as well as racial and class conflict. The author concludes that it is difficult to ignore the role of race and socioeconomic class in explaining differences in social welfare expenditures between the United States and European countries because the pattern of social welfare distribution (broadly conceived—including programs, tax breaks, and incentives) falls largely along racial and class lines. 相似文献
6.
Ingela K. Naumann 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2014,17(3):113-128
The importance of investing in early childhood is widely acknowledged in policy circles. Particularly formal Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) is seen as key to creating equal opportunities and combating poverty by increasing educational achievement of children and supporting parental employment. This social investment perspective has in recent decades supported the rapid development and expansion of ECEC in most European countries. However, the international social investment discourse masks fundamental differences in European ECEC systems and detracts attention from the way ECEC is embedded in the wider welfare regime of a country. This paper critically examines the ‘social investment potential’ of ECEC systems by comparing an early social investment country, Sweden, with two ‘late movers’, the UK and Germany. It argues that investing in ECEC is not per se a panacea for social inclusion. To the contrary, if not combined with other, partly ‘traditional’ equality measures both in education and social protection, ECEC investment may have the opposite effect of increasing social inequality. 相似文献
7.
服务脱贫攻坚是高职院校必须承担的社会责任,也是高职院校自我发展的良好契机。近年来,我国高职院校在服务脱贫攻坚中取得了一定成效,但在工作实践中还存在持续性“输血”能力不足、社会资源整合能力偏弱、扶贫协作中地位较边缘、“发展悖论”瓶颈难突破等现实困境。为更好服务脱贫攻坚,高职院校需要进一步优化工作路径:借船出海,善用政策机遇;搭建平台,协调各方资源;对接产业,强化自身建设;更新理念,完善职业教育和培训体系;守土有责,做好资助育人。 相似文献
8.
Although there has been dramatic economic development in parts of Asia approximately one-third of the Asian population live
in poverty. In response to the persistence of poverty a new international development assistance model supported by the Asian
Development Bank, the World Bank and many other international agencies is emerging with a major focus on alleviation of po
paper will examine educational implications of the new model in one of Asia’s poorest countries, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic.
Attention is given to: (1) the changing social, economic and policy contexts within which Lao education functions; (2) the
strategic concepts associated with the model of poverty reduction; (3) two potential scenarios of propoor educational change;
and (4) assessment of the feasibility of each scenario in increasing the equality of educational and social opportunities
for the poor. 相似文献
9.
The complexity of practicum in initial teacher education, in terms of the range of diverse social relations and differing school contexts, provides a challenge for teacher educators worldwide, aiming to guide and shape opportunities for student teachers learning to teach. This challenge is further compounded by societal problems linked to child poverty. Drawing from social capital theory, this paper explores the kinds of social relations that are currently associated with student teachers’ practicum experience in schools located in areas of social and economic deprivation or with significant proportions of pupils living in poverty. The paper brings to the surface types of social relations that are beneficial to mitigating the effects of poverty on educational outcomes. The case is made that practicum does not currently support the principles of social capital theory by enabling student teachers to develop an understanding of how to make connections, and develop the social relationships required to support positive educational outcomes for the children and young people in such contexts. Findings indicate that more effective ‘joint practice’ is required to better support student teachers’ professional learning. 相似文献
10.
《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020年）》把促进教育公平作为国家基本教育政策,基础教育是重点保障对象。在基础教育阶段全面取消建重点中学和按学生学习成绩分班的做法,对于贯彻和落实《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要（2010—2020年）》,坚持教育的公益性和普惠性,保障公民依法享有平等受教育的机会,推进我国基础教育均衡健康发展,实现社会公平正义具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
In this study of the meanings of education and learning in people's lives, educational generations in Finland were investigated. The analysis is based on Karl Mannheim's concept and theory of social generation. This approach resulted in the differentiation of four educational cohorts living in contemporary Finnish society, three of which provided distinct core life experiences and educational experiences for analysis. These are: the war generation with scant education (born before 1935); the generation of structural change with growing educational opportunities (born 1936–55) and the welfare generation with many educational choices (born after 1955). This article, reviews the characteristics of these generations, and analyses the dynamics of their educational courses and experiences. It is concluded that their core experiences of education can be summarized in two basic narratives: the narrative of national culture and that of economic structural change. Finally, it is argued that such generational change reflects the more general rationalization of Western culture and society. Based on this argumentation, the future of adult education based on the application of Weberian social theory and its conceptions of material and formal rationality are considered. 相似文献
12.
教育是一项社会公益事业,高等教育作为教育的一个重要组成部分,其公益性主要体现在高等教育应该符合国家和社会公共利益。中国的现实国情与高等教育的功能体系决定必须把公益性作为中国高等教育的出发点和落脚点。为确保高等教育的公益性,政府必须加强宏观调控和政策引导,大学自身必须彰显本色和强化责任,同时也亟待社会的积极支持和主动参与。 相似文献
13.
Haley Woodside‐Jiron Kristin M. Gehsmann 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2009,56(1):49-72
This article explores the complex process of school change over a six‐year period in one high‐poverty, urban elementary school in a northeastern city of the United States. The school included in this instrumental case study was identified by its State Department of Education as “being in need of improvement” in March 2000. Findings suggest that creating opportunities for context‐based solutions, curricular coherence, and responsive and consistent coaching were the necessary means for leveraging change at this school. Further, responding to the layers and iterations of educational policy, and addressing the deeper social issues intimately associated with serving high‐poverty communities, was essential. We identify policy issues that contributed to the complexity of this school’s improvement efforts. Our analysis extends beyond surface‐level documentation of the school’s inputs and outputs, and illustrates what it means to meet individual students’ needs in complex social and institutional spaces. We also discuss social justice issues that are linked with current policies targeting improved outcomes for all children. 相似文献
14.
如何保障农民工子女受教育权是关乎社会公平问题。本文运用吉尔伯特社会福利政策框架,对当前农民工子女义务教育政策进行分析,强调国家有义务保障公民的受义务教育权,为农民工子女提供义务教育政策支持是政府不可推卸的责任。 相似文献
15.
肖爱民 《湖南城市学院学报》2005,26(4):36-38
当代资本主义社会,在剩余价值规律依然占统治地位的同时,出现了收入分配福利化的特点,这主要表现在:通过税收调节贫富差距,实现“双盈”目标;全面推行社会福利制度,实施全民公共教育;兼顾劳动者工资收入增长,推出反贫困计划。但是“福利国家”的社会福利是工人劳动力再生产价值的扭曲表现,资本主义社会福利没有也不可能超出资产阶级的社会属性。 相似文献
16.
It is widely assumed that most entering MSW students exhibit a primary interest in individual clinical practice but minimal understanding of or interest in welfare policy knowledge. However, this assumption is mostly based on attitudes before and at the beginning of encountering social welfare courses. Using a mixed-methods approach of both qualitative and quantitative methods, we studied the impact of a social welfare history and policy course on MSW students' perspectives and interests. We found that the course impacted students' understanding of and approach to their professional roles as well as to their own lives as citizens. These findings hold implications for social work education curriculum designs as well as for future research in social work teaching and education. 相似文献
17.
Bruce S. Cooper 《Peabody Journal of Education》2015,90(5):659-676
The relationship of education to social mobility, health, and socioeconomic stability is examined in this study. The central question is: how do educational access and attainment reduce poverty and increase social immersion in a system that affords opportunity for quality health care and economic prosperity? An historic perspective, related and compared to current conditions for those who live at or below the poverty line, highlights the extreme difficulties of overcoming the barriers that separate people from consistent quality education, access to quality health care, and the opportunity to move toward economic independence.The latest statistics showing the significance of socioeconomic status (SES) to cognitive development, educational achievement, healthy living, and social mobility are factors that have and continue to affect large portions of America's poor. The increase of early childhood programs is a beneficial first step in closing the achievement gap, but the physical and mental health problems plaguing the poor must be addressed if we are to reduce the poverty rate and improve educational opportunities for all children. 相似文献
18.
Ka Ho Mok 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1997,43(5-6):547-567
In the post-Mao era, the reformers have taken significant steps to privatize social policy and social welfare. Revamping the social security system and commodifying social services have become more prominent since the mid-eighties. Despite the post-Mao leaders' discomfort about the term "privatization", signs of state withdrawal from the provision of social policy and welfare are clear. The author argues that the emergence of private educational institutions indicates that China's educational development has gone through a similar process of privatization or quasi-marketization though the Chinese experience is different from that of Western counterparts. Specifically, this paper tries to examine how the flourishing market economy and the policy of decentralization have affected the development of China's higher education. No longer solely relying on public schools, private and minban (people run) educational institutions are becoming more popular in the new socialist market system. This paper attempts to examine how privatization and quasi- marketization have affected educational development in mainland China. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the privatization of education in China. 相似文献
19.
This article examines the association between formal education, social mobility and independent child migration in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh), Peru and Vietnam and draws on data from Young Lives, a longitudinal study of childhood poverty and schooling. It argues that among resource-poor populations, child migration sustains kin relations across generations and households and also facilitates children’s progression through the life-course, thus it is fundamental to social reproduction. It reasons that formal education has greatly amplified this trend. Schooling has acquired symbolic value as the prime means of escaping household poverty and realising ambitions for social mobility. As such, elevated educational aspirations combine with systems shortcomings to stimulate school selection, school transfer and school-related child migration. The article concludes by examining the implications for children, for social reproduction and for policy. 相似文献
20.
谢治菊 《湖南师范大学教育科学学报》2020,(1):91-102
根据动物与人的区别以及认知层级的高低,人类的认知从低到高可分为神经认知、心理认知、语言认知、思维认知和文化认知五个层级,这与教育对贫困代际传递的阻断层级契合。因此,可将人类认知五层级理论应用于教育对贫困代际传递的阻断,其逻辑假设是:教育主要通过提升贫困群体的神经认知水平、心理认知水平、语言认知水平、思维认知水平与文化认知水平来阻断贫困的代际传递。之所以提出这样的逻辑假设,是因为五层级认知是人类在进化过程中形成的从初级到高级的心智与能力,与教育的五个主要阶段——幼儿教育、小学教育、中学教育、本科教育、研究生教育基本契合。由此,阻断贫困的教育,主要在于受教对象认知能力的提升。这就要求在厘清现有教育扶贫政策与实践经验的基础上,设计政策问题、政策方案、政策体系与政策工具,以便有针对性地保障贫困地区儿童能够接受不同阶段的教育,满足教育对贫困代际传递不同阻断机制的需要。 相似文献