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1.
A. S. Lobanov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2009,36(5):275-280
The algorithms for forming and analyzing concept definitions are suggested and considered by concrete examples. Such key concepts
of management as “an organization” and “management of an organization” are formulated using the suggested algorithm. This
paper gives the detailed technology of thinking when formulating the definition of the concept of a “system for management
of an organization” from the standpoint of the resource approach. The analysis of the interconnection between concepts of
the system and process results in the conclusion that it is possible and necessary to consider the category of “space-time.” 相似文献
2.
From work to text to document 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
David Beard 《Archival Science》2008,8(3):217-226
The defining trope for the humanities in the last 30 years has been typified by the move from “work” to “text.” The signature text defining this move has been Roland Barthes seminal essay, “From Work to Text.” But the current move
in library, archival and information studies toward the “document” as the key term offers challenges for contemporary humanities research. In making our own movement from work to text to document, we can explicate fully the complexity of conducting archival humanistic research within disciplinary and institutional contexts
in the twenty-first century. This essay calls for a complex perspective, one that demands that we understand the raw materials
of scholarship are processed by disciplines, by institutions, and by the work of the scholar. When we understand our materials
as constrained by disciplines, we understand them as “works.” When we understand them as constrained by the institutions of
memory that preserve and grant access to them, we understand them as “documents.” And when we understand them as the ground
for our own interpretive activity, we understand them as “texts.” When we understand that humanistic scholarship requires
an awareness of all three perspectives simultaneously (an understanding demonstrated by case studies in historical studies
of the discipline of rhetoric), we will be ready for a richer historical scholarship as well as a richer collaboration between
humanists and archivists. 相似文献
3.
Patrick Gallagher 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2007,23(2):137-140
Until 50 years ago the purpose of publishers in Australia was to act as distributors for overseas companies, mainly British.
From 1970 onwards a local publishing industry began to develop, taking advantage of the greatly increased investment by publishers
in distribution systems to service the “closed market.” In 1991 the “30-day rule” was introduced, leading to an increased
amount of local printing of overseas titles, and a growing number of rights purchases of overseas-published books. The pros
and cons of “separating out” Australian rights are addressed in this paper. 相似文献
4.
The archival sliver: Power, memory, and archives in South Africa 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Verne Harris 《Archival Science》2002,2(1-2):63-86
Far from being a simple reflection of reality, archives are constructed windows into personal and collective processes. They
at once express and are instruments of prevailing relations of power. Verne Harris makes these arguments through an account
of archives and archivists in the context of South Africa's transition from apartheid to democracy. The account is deliberately
shaped around three themes — race, power, and public records. While he concedes that the constructedness of memory and the
dimension of power are most obvious in the extreme circumstances of oppression and rapid transition to democracy, he argues
that these are realities informing archives in all circumstances. He makes an appeal to archivists to enchant their work by
engaging these realities and by turning always towards the call of and for justice.
This essay draws heavily on four articles published previously by me: “Towards a Culture of Transparency: Public Rights of
Access to Official Records in South Africa”,American Archivist 57.4 (1994); “Redefining Archives in South Africa: Public Archives and Society in Transition, 1990–1996”,Archivaria 42 (1996); “Transforming Discourse and Legislation: A Perspective on South Africa's New National Archives Act”,ACARM Newsletter 18 (1996); and “Claiming Less, Delivering More: A Critique of Positivist Formulations on Archives in South Africa”,Archivaria 44 (1997). I am grateful to Ethel Kriger (National Archives of South Africa) and Tim Nuttall (University of Natal) for offering
sometimes tough comment on an early draft of the essay. I remain, of course, fully responsible for the final text. I presented
a version of it in the “Refiguring the Archive” seminar series, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, October 1998.
That version was published in revised form in Carolyn Hamilton et al.,Refiguring the Archive (Cape Town: David Philip, 2002). 相似文献
5.
Günter Mahler 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2006,122(3):91-97
Scaling properties of modular quantum systems will dominate the future of quantum computing as well
as the potential role of quantum mechanics in classical computing. We undertake a brief journey through
length- and time-scales in order to locate pertinent control schemes. It is argued that ‘‘quantum benefits’’
are more likely to survive in ‘‘imbodied’’ systems like coherently driven materials, sensors or robots than
in abstract digital computation. 相似文献
6.
《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2006,21(1-2):91-97
Scaling properties of modular quantum systems will dominate the future of quantum computing as well
as the potential role of quantum mechanics in classical computing. We undertake a brief journey through
length- and time-scales in order to locate pertinent control schemes. It is argued that ‘‘quantum benefits’’
are more likely to survive in ‘‘imbodied’’ systems like coherently driven materials, sensors or robots than
in abstract digital computation. 相似文献
7.
Fiorella Foscarini 《Archival Science》2010,10(4):389-407
Current records management methodologies and practices suffer from an inadequate understanding of the ‘human activity systems’
where records managers operate as ‘mediators’ between a number of complex and interacting factors. Although the records management
and archival literature recognizes that managing the active life of the records is fundamental to their survival as meaningful
evidence of activities, the context where the records are made, captured, used, and selectively retained is not explored in
depth. In particular, the various standards, models, and functional requirement lists, which occupy a vast portion of that
literature, especially in relation to electronic records, do not seem to be capable of framing records-related ‘problems’
in ways that account for their dynamic and multiform nature. This paper introduces the idea that alternative, ‘softer’ approaches to the analysis of organizational functions, structures, agents, and artifacts may usefully complement the ‘hard’, engineering-like approaches typically drawn on by information and records specialists. Three interrelated theoretical and
methodological frameworks—namely, Soft Systems Methodology, Adaptive Structuration Theory, and Genre Theory—are discussed,
with the purpose of highlighting their contributions to our understanding of the records context. 相似文献
8.
Alison Norrington 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2010,26(2):96-105
Conversation is key and as the communication landscape shifts rapidly, harnessing ‘e’ is pivotal in extending ‘story’ as digital
evolves, catapulting publishing from analogue to digital. Harnessing ‘e’ is an exciting and effective way to add value, but
for ‘e’ to be implemented successfully and seamlessly requires more than a standard ‘roll out’ of strategy. Staying Single [1] was my MA dissertation project in the form of a fictional blog that bridged a fictitious digital world with a real physical
one as I supplemented Sophie’s story with souvenirs, additional digital content, UGC, and social media elements, all channelled
through Sophie’s fictional storyworld. This study was an investigation into the effects that interactivity and community might
bring to contemporary fiction, traditionally published in print form, by women, for women. The presentation of Staying Single as a cross-media, digital story challenged conventional boundaries for story enjoyment and involvement and attempted to vastly
expand the story universe, recording how the option for interactivity impacted the story. Readers were offered choices to
receive Staying Single through blog feeds, by email or downloaded podcasts, with additional options for involvement through multiple platforms—‘Pulling
Power’ ‘relationship’ documentaries, SMS alerts and ‘meeting’ Sophie in Second Life. My current transmedia romantic comedy
fiction, Loving NY will push these resources and opportunities further, enhancing and driving the story whilst engaging and interacting with
readers. Transmedia storyworld development is extremely fast-moving and with magazines offering web-cam enabled augmented
realities and iPhone apps allowing readers to GPS tag co-readers, these are extremely exciting times! To harness ‘e’ is to
offer options—levels of immersion and engagement, multi-platform choices, perhaps even linear or non-linear narratives with
the intention of organically reaching a wider readership far beyond the restrictions of print based novels. 相似文献
9.
A. V. Nesterov 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2011,38(1):13-16
The debatable questions of creating university rankings are considered. University rankings are shown to be at the initial
stage of development and are used for advertisement purposes in actual fact. The mechanism for composing rankings of material
products is objective itself, but objective criteria can hardly be found for such an ideal object as “the quality” of an education;
therefore, university rankings are poor due to the subjectivity and bias of “experts.” 相似文献
10.
L. V. Kan Yu. M. Kuznetsova N. V. Chudova 《Scientific and Technical Information Processing》2011,38(6):420-427
The creation of expert systems (ESs) for psychodiagnostics is analyzed. “Developmental” ESs are proposed for the modeling
of professional activity. Some foundations for building such ESs are formulated. The prototype of the “Psychodiagnosis” ES
is described as an example. 相似文献
11.
James Lichtenberg 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2011,27(2):101-112
The forces for change in the 600 hundred-year history of book publishing have never been more powerful and fundamental than
in 2011. Barely 12 months ago, what publishers viewed as “innovation” was the creation of digitized versions of physical books
to be ‘consumed’ on e-reading devices. As 2011 begins, that change is largely regarded as accepted business practice, and
the edge of “innovation” is moving in more complex directions. Publishing finds itself in the midst of a ‘phase shift’ from
the scarcity model of print to a complex, new world of digital abundance. The dimensions of change, moreover, its speed, and
its extent are still unknown. While book publishing begins with the creative work of authors, digital technologies are turning
the business models inside out. Among the forces for change acting on book publishing, this article examines several phenomena
that are working their way in from the edge to the center of the industry, including complex interwoven considerations around
container, context, and customer. 相似文献
12.
This paper examines the results of studies in Britain and Franceon the views of the two peoples towards public opinion surveys: — their experience of surveys — attitudes towards the concept of sample surveys — the accuracy of sample surveys — the publication of polls during election campaigns — exposure to news information — interest in survey data The results in the two countries were, to a substantial degree,similar and showed an underlying positive attitude towards publicopinion surveys. There are, however, a number of points to bearin mind, where more public relations and more public informationis required to improve public awareness of, and public acceptanceof, opinion surveys. 相似文献
13.
Tracey Armstrong 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2012,28(1):23-26
The impact of evolving technology on those who create content and those who use it has raised many interesting copyright-related
challenges that legislators, copyright experts, authors, publishers and licensing organizations around the world are looking
to address. Several international initiatives underway highlight the evolving global copyright landscape, including a report
commissioned by the UK government calling for the creation of a “Digital Copyright Exchange.” Through such international efforts—and
through the content licensing experience of collective management organizations—the best solutions to the copyright challenges
of our time can deliver efficiency to everyone involved. 相似文献
14.
Megan Benton 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1995,11(2):90-102
In the postwar prosperity of the 1920s there burgeoned a new interest in fine book-making, which typically featured handcraft
production, luxurious materials, “worthy” texts, and—virtually by definition—limited editions. A small but socially prominent
community of bibliophiles and wealthy collectors consituted an eager market for these elite books, distinguished by their
visible repudiation of mass culture and “commercialism.” This article examines the publishing enterprise of the Grabhorn Press,
one of the foremost producers of finely printed books in twentieth-century America. It analyzes the press's editiorial and
design strategies, pricing and marketing policies, and general business practices in order to better understand the cultural
paradoxes of producing such books both “for love” and for profit. 相似文献
15.
This paper focuses on a fresh and fair way to determine a ranking of science journals according to the “number of citations-to
and articles published,” data used by SCI Journal Citation Reports of ISI to determine journal ranking by “impact factor.”
Impact is considered a latent variable defined by a set of items (citations and articles published). The theoretical background
is Item Response Theory, which suggests that, if we can understand how each item in a set of items operates with an object,
then we can estimate a measure for the object. The Rasch model is the most common formulation of that theory. This technique
is here applied to the citations and articles published of 62 medical journals (objects) to provide a Rasch measure for these
journals which is compared with the current “impact factor” computation. 相似文献
16.
Henry Rosenbloom 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2008,24(3):175-177
In this short article, Henry Rosenbloom, the founder of Australian independent publisher Scribe, complains about the tactic
of UK-based publishers buying ‘Commonwealth’ rights and preventing Australian publishers from acquiring separate Australian
rights. ‘UK publishers are not entitled to Australia as a territory. It is our country, our market, and our industry,’ he
writes. This article was originally published in The Age newspaper in early 2008, then on Rosenbloom’s blog, and it was the catalyst for a spirited debate at this year’s London Book
Fair. 相似文献
17.
Fabio Aiolli Riccardo Cardin Fabrizio Sebastiani Alessandro Sperduti 《Information Retrieval》2009,12(5):559-580
In many applicative contexts in which textual documents are labelled with thematic categories, a distinction is made between
the primary categories of a document, which represent the topics that are central to it, and its secondary categories, which
represent topics that the document only touches upon. We contend that this distinction, so far neglected in text categorization
research, is important and deserves to be explicitly tackled. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we propose
an evaluation measure for this preferential text categorization task, whereby different kinds of misclassifications involving either primary or secondary categories have a different impact
on effectiveness. Second, we establish several baseline results for this task on a well-known benchmark for patent classification
in which the distinction between primary and secondary categories is present; these results are obtained by reformulating
the preferential text categorization task in terms of well established classification problems, such as single and/or multi-label
multiclass classification; state-of-the-art learning technology such as SVMs and kernel-based methods are used. Third, we
improve on these results by using a recently proposed class of algorithms explicitly devised for learning from training data
expressed in preferential form, i.e., in the form “for document d
i
, category c′ is preferred to category c′′”; this allows us to distinguish between primary and secondary categories not only in the classification phase but also
in the learning phase, thus differentiating their impact on the classifiers to be generated. 相似文献
18.
Jochen Kreimer 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2005,19(3):151-161
Zusammenfassung Die Qualit?t von Software kann je nach Anwendungsgebiet an unterschiedlichen Kriterien gemessen werden. Für grosse Software-Systeme
spielen u. a. Kriterien wie Wartbarkeit, Verst?ndlichkeit und Erweiterbarkeit eine wichtige Rolle.
Mein Ziel ist es, Entwurfsm?ngel in Software-Systemen zu erkennen und somit „‘schlechte“’ – unverst?ndliche, schwer erweiter-
und ?nderbare – Programmstrukturen zu vermeiden. Prominente Entwurfsm?ngel sind z. B. die von Fowler eingeführten Bad Smells in objektorientierten Programmen.
Entwurfsm?ngel werden abh?ngig von der Sichtweise und dem Erfahrungsschatz des Suchenden unterschiedlich interpretiert. Ich
kombiniere daher bekannte Verfahren zur Erkennung von Entwurfsm?ngeln auf der Basis von Metriken mit maschinellen Lernverfahren.
Damit kann Entwurfsmangelerkennung individuellen Sichtweisen angepasst werden.
Ich pr?sentiere ein Werkzeug für Java-Programme und zeige die Ergebnisse einer ersten Fallstudie.
Criteria for software quality measurement depend on the application area. In large software systems criteria like maintainability, comprehensibility and extensibility play an important role. My aim is to identify design flaws in software systems automatically and thus to avoid “bad” – incomprehensible, hardly expandable and changeable – program structures. Depending on the perception and experience of the searching engineer, design flaws are interpreted in a different way. I propose to combine known methods for finding design flaws on the basis of metrics with machine learning mechanisms, such that design flaw detection is adaptable to different views. This paper presents the underlying method, describes an analysis tool for Java programs and shows results of an initial case study.
CR Subject Classification D.1.5,D.2.2,D.2.5,D.2.7,D.2.8,I.2.6 相似文献
19.
This article discusses the ability of publishers to “pass through” a depreciation of the U.S. dollar by increasing the prices
of foreign academic journals. A dollar depreciation is analyzed as a decrease in the supply of foreign academic journals.
The price elasticities of demand and supply are defined and illustrated. The relative strengths of the price elasticities
are shown to determine the amount of “pass through” and the distribution of the burden of a dollar depreciation between the
buyers and the publishers.
W. William Woolsey received his Ph.D. in economics from George Mason University in 1987. A Bruce Strauch is associate professor
of law and economics at The Citadel. He received his J.D. from University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 相似文献
20.
In July 2006, the General Administration of Press and Publication of the People’s Public of China hosted a forum entitled
“The Support by the National Press and Publishing Industry and the Construction of a New Socialist Country”. Since then, the
construction work of Rural Bookrooms has been carried out and thousands of the “Benefit-for-Peasant Libraries”, “Rural Bookrooms”
and “New Countryside Libraries”, etc., has been built up in different parts of rural areas and in peasants’ residential sites
in urban areas to meet the demand of a large number of the farmers for reading and improve their scientific and cultural quality.
Up to now, the building of Rural Bookrooms has become one main part of the cultural construction in China on a countrywide
basis. It will be historically significant in improving the peasants’ scientific and cultural development, narrowing the gap
between rural and urban areas, maintaining the peasants’ basis right of cultural learning and promoting the modernization
of China as a country. 相似文献