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In the past few decades, much research has documented the importance of users as sources of innovations. Over the last 10 years, Research Policy alone has published 56 research articles investigating this phenomenon. We ask to what degree the findings of users as innovators have been absorbed by decision-makers responsible for new product development (managers) and by those who shape the contextual conditions for innovation (policy makers and public administration). A realistic perception of the sources of innovation is important as it constitutes the basis for a rational allocation of resources and thus indirectly impacts the innovation performance of companies and societies at large.In a large-scale survey of n?=?1500 decision-makers, we found support for a substantial underestimation of users as a source of innovation: While the true proportion of user innovation among the most valuable 1678 innovations in nine industries is 54.4% (as established in existing research articles), decision-makers estimate it to be 21.7%. A content analysis of transfer media (450 academic textbooks, popular innovation books, and business articles) underscores this theory-practice gap: Of 3469 text paragraphs dealing with the sources of innovation, only 2.7% mention users as innovators. We develop six propositions on the reasons for and consequences of this underestimation that may serve as a starting point for future research and practical consequences. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2016,36(4):520-530
The research on users as a source of innovation has been coming into blossom and the studies about the effect of users’ lead userness on their innovation-related activities are drawing more and more attention from both academic and business circles. However, there have been few empirical studies exploring the relationship between users’ lead userness and their innovation-related knowledge sharing behavior in the context of online user community and the mediating effects of users’ social capital and their perceived behavioral control on this relationship. By empirically analyzing the 140 data collected from an online user community that is used as an important source of innovation for a company with the structural equation modeling analysis through the partial least squares method, this study reveals that users’ lead userness has a positive relationship with their innovation-related knowledge sharing in the online user community and users’ social capital and perceived behavioral control jointly and fully mediate this positive relationship. Based on the new findings, this study is expected to provide useful implications which can contribute to widening and deepening the research stream about the effect of users’ lead userness on their innovation-related knowledge sharing in the online user community. 相似文献
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There is a common problem in artificial intelligence (AI) and information security. In AI, an expert system needs to be able
to justify and explain a decision to the user. In information security, experts need to be able to explain to the public why
a system is secure. In both cases, an important goal of explanation is to acquire or maintain the users’ trust. In this paper,
I investigate the relation between explanation and trust in the context of computing science. This analysis draws on literature
study and concept analysis, using elements from system theory as well as actor-network theory. I apply the conceptual framework
to both AI and information security, and show the benefit of the framework for both fields by means of examples. The main
focus is on expert systems (AI) and electronic voting systems (security). Finally, I discuss consequences of the analysis
for ethics in terms of (un)informed consent and dissent, and the associated division of responsibilities. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2023,60(5):103456
To achieve personalized recommendations, the recommender system selects the items that users may like by learning the collected user–item interaction data. However, the acquisition and use of data usually form a feedback loop, which leads to recommender systems suffering from popularity bias. To solve this problem, we propose a novel dual disentanglement of user–item interaction for recommendation with causal embedding (DDCE). Different from the existing work, our innovation is we take into account double-end popularity bias from the user-side and the item-side. Firstly, we perform a causal analysis of the reasons for user–item interaction and obtain the causal embedding representation of each part according to the analysis results. Secondly, on the item-side, we consider the influence of item attributes on popularity to improve the reliability of the item popularity. Then, on the user-side, we consider the effect of the time series when obtaining users’ interest. We model the contrastive learning task to disentangle users’ long–short-term interests, which avoids the bias of long–short-term interests overlapping, and use the attention mechanism to realize the dynamic integration of users’ long–short-term interests. Finally, we realize the disentanglement of user–item interaction reasons by decoupling user interest and item popularity. We experiment on two real-world datasets (Douban Movie and KuaiRec) to verify the significance of DDCE, the average improvement of DDCE in three evaluation metrics (NDCG, HR, and Recall) compared to the state-of-the-art model are 5.1106% and 4.1277% (MF as the backbone), 3.8256% and 3.2790% (LightGCN as the backbone), respectively. 相似文献
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Algorithms are progressively transforming human experience, especially, the interaction with businesses, governments, education, and entertainment. As a result, people are growingly seeing the outside world, in a sense, through the lens of algorithms. Despite the importance of algorithmic experience (AX), few studies had been devoted to investigating the nature and processes through which users perceive and actualize the potential for algorithm affordance. This study proposes the Algorithm Acceptance Model to conceptualize the notion of AX as part of the analytic framework for human-algorithm interaction. It then tests how AX shapes the satisfaction with and acceptance of algorithm services. The results show that AX is inherently related to human understanding of fairness, transparency, and other conventional components of user-experience, indicating the heuristic roles of transparency and fairness regarding their underlying relations of user experience and trust. AX can influence the user perception of algorithmic systems in the context of algorithm ecology, offering useful insights into the design of human-centered algorithm systems. The findings provide initial and robust support for the proposed Algorithm Acceptance Model. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,(2)
The CAS Institute of Microbiology, which is originally located in northeast Beijing's Zhongguancun, a suburb northwest to the downtown, has recently moved to its new buildings in the northern suburbs of Beijing, 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,(2)
A new plant species recently ferreted out from the fossil trove of the world-famous Jehol biota sheds fresh insight into the origin of angiosperms. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(1):13-15
<正>1.Neutrino research occupies an important position in particle physics In 1930,Austrian physicist Pauli[1]proposed the neutrino hypothesis to explain the loss of energy in the process of beta decay.But since neutrinos are uncharged and nearly massless(less than one millionth of the electron mass)and rarely interact with other matter(interact via only the weak force and gravity),they are very diffi cult to detect.For that reason,for a long time,neutrinos only appeared in the equations of theoretical physicists and experiments had failed to confirm their existence.In 1934,Italian physicist Fermi proposed the theory of beta decay that incorporates the neutrino,which was quantitatively consistent with experimental data.In 1941,Chinese physicist WANG 相似文献
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《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(5):367-379
The primary aim of this study is to examine the factors that predict end users’ intention to adopt mobile government (m-government) services in a developing country. The research is based upon a self-administered questionnaire survey of 120 current users’ in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a leader in m-government development in the Arab world. The study employs advanced statistical techniques to test an extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating the determinants of trust, cost, social influence, variety of services, perceived usefulness in information technology and demographic profiles. The findings revealed that trust and social influence are positively associated with end users intention to adopt m-government services in the UAE. By identifying the predictors of users’ adoption of m-government, this study provides several theoretical and practical implications related to m-government service adoption. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2005,(1)
An agreement on setting up a Sino-Italian Joint Lab of Archimede Bridge was signed by Director of the CAS Insti- tute of Mechanics Hong Youshi and General Manager of the ArchimedeBridge Co. Elio Matacena on Dec. 6inBeijing.Italian Minister of ForeignTrade Antonio Marzano and Direc-tor of CAS Bureau of Basic ScienceZhang Jie were among the officialswitnessing the event. Archimede Bridge (or the sub-merged floating tunnel, SFT) is con-sidered a very promising concept ofpermanent … 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(1):2-3
<正>CAS always places high importance on strategic studies for ST development.In early 2012,CAS President BAI Chunli called for studies on solutions to the following questions:What are the pressing diffi culties China will face during the 12th and even 13th Five-Year Plan periods,and how can ST address them?What possible ST events will have an important bearing on China in the near future?As a national ST team,what role can CAS play in the events?To address the issues,CAS has organized more than200 experts from a research team on Roadmaps for ST Development in 18 Priority Areas?to conduct research into ST development trends toward 2020.As a result of almost a year of intensive study and 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2003,17(3):137-137
After a decade-long arduouswork, CAS scientists suc-ceeded in developing thefourth generation of high-perfor-mance catalysts.The research breakthroughwas achieved by a research teamheaded by Prof. Liu Hanfan withthe CAS Institute of Chemistry. Thiswork includes a new method con-cerning the preparation of a nano-metallic colloid protected by poly-mers and demystification of the se-cret to raise the working efficacy ofmetal nanoclusters used as a catalyst.The success lays down a solid foun-d… 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2022,59(2):102869
User-created automation applets to connect IoT devices and applications have become popular and widely available. Exploring those applets enables us to grasp the patterns of how users are utilizing and maximizing the power of connection by themselves, which can deliver practical implications for IoT service design. This study builds an IoT application network with the data of the IFTTT(if this then that) platform which is the most popular platform for self-automation of IoT services. The trigger-action relationships of the IFTTT applets currently activated are collected and used to construct an IoT application network whose nodes are IoT service channels, and links represent their connections. The constructed IoT network is then embedded by the node2vec technique, an algorithmic framework for representational learning of nodes in networks. Clustering the embedded nodes produces the four clusters of IoT usage patterns: Smart Home, Activity Tracking, Information Digest, and Lifelogging & Sharing. We also predict the IoT application network using node2vec-based link prediction with several machine learning classifiers to identify promising connections between IoT applications. Feasible service scenarios are then generated from predicted links between IoT applications. The findings and the proposed approach can offer IoT service providers practical implications for enhancing user experiences and developing new services. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104791
This paper introduces a newly digitized, open-access version of the Food and Drug Administration’s “Orange Book”—a linkage between approved small-molecule drugs and the patents that protect them. The Orange Book also reports any applicable regulatory exclusivity that prevents competitive entry. We summarize the Orange Book’s coverage and discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with using these data for research. Empirical validations against various administrative datasets suggest that Orange Book records are, largely, complete and accurate. We conclude with a specific use case—calculating legal exclusivity periods for drugs—to highlight the types of choices that researchers must make when using this resource. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2005,(2)
The study of regional adaptation to global changeshas become one of the frontier areas of global changescience, which is an emerging fundamental discipline.The study has direct and important bearings on theprotection, restoration and improvement of regional life-supporting environment and the formulation of a sus-t ai nabl e developm entstrategy. Based on resultsfrom satellite remote sensingand numerical simulation,and through theoreticalanalysis and cross-cuttingintegrated study, a researchte… 相似文献
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Maienschein J Laubichler M Loettgers A 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2008,99(2):341-349
History of science has developed into a methodologically diverse discipline, adding greatly to our understanding of the interplay between science, society, and culture. Along the way, one original impetus for the then newly emerging discipline--what George Sarton called the perspective "from the point of view of the scientist"--dropped out of fashion. This essay shows, by means of several examples, that reclaiming this interaction between science and history of science yields interesting perspectives and new insights for both science and history of science. The authors consequently suggest that historians of science also adopt this perspective as part of their methodological repertoire. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2003,17(1):12-12
As a sub-component of Re-versing Environmental Deg-radation Trends in the SouthChina Sea and Gulf of Thailand, aproject commissioned by theUNEP and Global EnvironmentalFacility (GEF), CAS researchershave been conducting fruitful re-search on seagrass in the coastalareas of south China.Starting from January 2002, aresearch team, headed by Prof.Huang Xiaoping with the CAS SouthChina Institute of Oceanography,has made efforts to map and studyseagrass meadows in the coastal ar-eas in … 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2007,(1)
A symposium marking the first anniversary of the CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology (PICB), the Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2005,(4)
Jointly organized by CAS andthe World Commission on theEthics of Scientific Knowl-edge and Technology (COMEST),a conference on ethics of scienceand technology was held on Oct.31 in Beijing. It is one of the world-wide meeting series “Ethics aroundt he Wo r l d” sponso r ed byCOMEST, an advisory body to theUNESCO Director-General on is-sues in the field.CAS President LU Yongxiang,who is also vice chairman of theStanding Committee of China’s toplegislature NPC and a COMEST… 相似文献