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1.
报道了浙江薹草属一新种,即近头状薹草Carex subcapitata X.F.Jin,C.Z.Zheng&B.Y.Ding。新种以秆侧生,叶片狭,小穗1-2个生于各节及小穗雄雌顺序,而与大舌薹草C.grandiligulata K kenth.相近,区别在于苞鞘无毛,小穗宽卵形,近头状,长5-7mm,具4-7 朵雌花,雌花鳞片近卵形,果囊的喙长1.5-2mm。  相似文献   

2.
摘要描述及图解了浙江薹草属Carex 5新种和1新变种,它们是:灰帽薹草组sect. Mitratae Kükenth.的天目山薹草Carex tianmushanica C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin和拟三穗薹草C. pseudotristachya X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng;匏囊薹草组sect. Lageniformes (Ohwi) Nelmes的密毛薹草C. densipilosa C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin;菱形果薹草组sect. Rhomboidales Kükenth.的浙南薹草C. austrozhejiangensis C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin和朝芳薹草C. chaofangii C. Z. Zheng & X. F. Jin;疏花薹草组sect. Laxiflorae Kunth的无芒长嘴薹草C. longerostrata C. A. Mey. var. exaristata X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng。  相似文献   

3.
本文报道了丝藻目、胶毛藻科、毛枝藻属的一新种—卵孢毛枝藻,此种采自我国云南省和四川 省。此藻类由狭卵形的孢子囊产生动孢子进行无性生殖,在毛枝藻属的生殖中,营养细胞和生殖细胞分化是一种进化类型。  相似文献   

4.
中国车前属种子形态及其分类学意义   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文研究了中国车前科Plantaginaceae车前属plantago2亚属8组17种及1变种植物的种子, 在扫描电子显微镜下的形态及亚显微结构(种皮纹饰).结果表明种子形态有四个类型:1,多角形类型;2.舟形类型;3.卵形类型;4.矩圆形类型。各个种的种子形态和种皮纹饰有着相当明显的区别。新种plantago densiflorus的建立应用了种子形态和种皮纹饰这一特征。车前种子形态分类与pilger用植物其他形态特征建立的车前属分类系统是一致的,因此,笔者支持Pilger的车前属分类系统。  相似文献   

5.
我国小麦族的形态演化与分类、分布的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文以演化形态为基础,结合地理分布和生境条件,研究了中国小麦族的分类和属   间的亲缘关系。 小麦族的穗状花序可认为由雀麦族的圆锥花序和短柄草族的总状花序演化而来,演化路 线可归纳为:1.圆锥花序的各级花序柄缩短直接形成圆锥穗状花序,具不定数小穗或假单生小穗,其颖与外稃的中线及小穗轴不在同一面上。2.圆锥花序简化为总状花序后小穗柄再缩短,形成简单穗状花序,具真单生小穗,其颖、稃的中线与小穗轴处于同一面上。 3.聚伞圆锥花序简缩为聚伞穗状花序,具三联小穗,其居中小穗的颖位于外稃的背面,侧小穗的颖位于外稃 的侧面。据此,根据小麦族颖、外稃的形态和其它性状、生境、分布,国产的和引种的小麦族植物可分为13个属(赖草属、披碱草属、鹅观草属、偃麦草属、山羊草属、小麦属、冰草属、旱麦草属、黑麦属、簇毛麦属、新麦草属、大麦属和猬草属),本文主要讨论了它们之间的亲缘关系。  相似文献   

6.
将Plantago erosa Wall. var. fengdouensis Z. E. Zhao & Y. Wang提升为一独立的种,即丰都车前P. fengdouensis (Z. E. Zhao & Y. Wang) Y. Wang & Z. Y. Li。该种由于花冠无毛,花丝着生于花冠近基部,子叶在种子中与腹面(种脐面)相平行,应属于车前亚属subgen. Plantago。丰都车前P. fengdouensis以植株干后变黑和种子较大的特征接近湿生车前P. cornuti Gouan,但其叶具牙齿或羽状锐裂,具3脉,苞片三角状卵形,花冠裂片狭三角形,蒴果纺锤状椭圆球形,近中部周裂,种子腹侧具1纵槽而不同于后者。  相似文献   

7.
藁本属Ligusticum L.属伞形科Umbelliferae芹亚科Apioideae Drude阿米芹族Ammineae Koch。它在阿米芹族中,是一个较进化的类群,是介于阿米芹族与前胡族Peucedaneae DC.之间的一个过渡类型。藁本属全世界60余种。我国现知有34种,占该属种数的二分之一,其中28种及2个栽培变种为我国所特有。本文比较分析藁本属的形态学性状和孢粉学性状,以小总苞片及其相关特征作为该属次级划分的主要依据,将藁本属分为两个类群,并对该属的种类作了增补,对一些种的名称、分布作了补充修订。文中还记载了4个新种。喜马拉雅藁本L.elatum(Edgew.)C.B.Clarke和开展藁本L. thomsonii C. B. Clarke var.evolutior C. B.Clarke,系我国首次记录。  相似文献   

8.
本文是对菊科莴苣属Lactuca L. 的分类订正, 文中起用了乳苣属Mulgedium Cass.和山   莴苣属Lagedium Sojak两个较老的属名, 建立了二个新属,即翅果菊属Ptrocypsela Shih与假   福王草属Paraprenathes Chang. 文末提供了莴苣属及邻近属以及东亚地区的有关种类的分属分种检索表。  相似文献   

9.
莎草属植物营养器官高度一致,小穗、花极小,难以解剖,是目前学术界公认的分类学疑难类群。很早以前科学家们主要利用解剖学、孢粉学及分子生物学等多方面的证据来解决莎草属植物分类学问题。近年来,一些学者开始利用光学显微镜和电镜扫描技术观察莎草属植物叶表皮微形态以及果实表皮微形态来研究莎草属植物并对其分类。  相似文献   

10.
报道了在中国广西发现的苦苣苔科一新属即方鼎苣苔属Paralagarosolen Y. G. Wei 和一新种方鼎苣苔P. fangianum Y. G. Wei。方鼎苣苔属与细筒苣苔属Lagarosolen W. T. Wang近缘,它们的共同特征是花筒细筒状,不肿胀,柱头2;不同点是方鼎苣苔属叶基部有时盾状,聚伞花序具1朵花,花冠裂片顶端圆钝,蒴果宽卵状椭圆球形。  相似文献   

11.
  在本文中描述了乌头属和翠雀属各一新种和一新亚种,唐松草属一新种,侧金盏花属一新亚种,以及毛茛属五新种,首次报道了圆叶唐松草在中国西藏南部的分布,在对叶、雄蕊和心皮的形态特征进行了分析之后认为,这种植物与特产云南的糙叶唐松草有一定亲缘关系。  相似文献   

12.
利用扫描电镜对中国产毛蕨属51种植物孢子形态进行了研究。结果表明:该属孢子为单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形,赤道面观为肾形,由周壁形成表面纹饰。表面纹饰可分为3种类型:(1)周壁具流苏状的翅状纹饰,表面有突起或穿孔,有19种属于此类型;(2)鸡冠状纹饰,有11种属于此类型;(3)刺状纹饰,有10种属于此类型。另外有11种具有上述纹饰的混合纹饰,被认为是中间类型。孢子的形态特征可作为该属的分类学和孢粉学研究的资料。  相似文献   

13.
 Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16 species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175 species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North  America, Mediterranean and Central Asia.       1.  There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord- ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution, it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely distributed in the southern Hemisphere.  The other two genera might have been derived from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.       2. An analysis of temperate genera       There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara- gana.       Astragalus  is a  cosmopolitan  genus comprising 2000 species, with its center distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and Xizang Plateau.       Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%) to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia- tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of the subgenus, are distributed in this region.  The species in the region mainly occur in alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.      The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species.  For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.      The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau.  The distribution, formation and differ- entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus.  These two genera are usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea- dow and steppe.      Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi- zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon- golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species reaching up to 50%.      3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera      There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.      However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha- Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima- laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium.  The subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14 species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya.  They are closely related to species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con- nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.      Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium. Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino- Himalaya and three of them are endemic.      An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu- tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium is in the Sino-Himalaya region.      Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree.  相似文献   

14.
菌物生物多样性与人类可持续发展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
文章对菌物生物多样性从下列三个角度进行了论述。首先,在自然界生物圈中的生物多样性包括物种、基因和生态系统三个层次;而物种多样性则是最基础和关键的。菌物是自然界物种多样性最丰富的两大类生物之一。其次,菌物分类学是研究菌物物种多样性的重要工具。第三,生物信息、菌种以及菌物原型参证的三个存取系统,作为菌物分类学的研究成果,是人类可持续发展所需要的可再生的生物资源的重要支撑系统。最后,为了加强对菌物物种多样性和基因多样性的研究、保护和开发,作者提出了4点建议。  相似文献   

15.
中国是世界上生物多样性资源丰富的国家之一。作为全球性生物 巨大多样性"国家,中国具有多种多样的生态系统、植被类型、物种和遗传多样性。中国的植物尤其丰富,30,0 0 0种高等植物产于中国,其中乔、灌木 7,5 0 0种;中国的动物区系同样丰富。据统计已发现有 6,347种脊椎动物(包括 1,2 4 4种鸟类和 3,862种鱼类),特有植物物种多达 1 7,30 0种;特有脊椎动物 667种;中国西部 1 2个省、市、自治区,包括甘肃、贵州、陕西、四川、青海、云南 6省,广西壮族自治区、内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔族自治区和西藏自治区等 5个自治区以及重庆市。土地面积 6 98万km2 ,约占国土总面积的70 %;有全国 75 %的植物物种数和动物物种数。中国西部省区人口总数为 4 0 5亿,其中少数民族人口占相当比重。多民族文化状态造就了中国西部省区成为独特的生物 文化多样性地区;另一方面,中国西部省区面临农村贫困、自然资源与环境的退化和少数民族依然处于边缘状态的现实。本文讨论了中国西部省区的生物与文化多样性及其在经济发展方面的潜力。急需保护该地区的自然和文化,以达到可持续发展的目的。  相似文献   

16.
贾银涛  陈毅峰  陶捐  何德奎 《资源科学》2013,35(7):1490-1498
基于2009年11-12月和2010年3-4月对增江流域13个样点进行的鱼类资源调查,并结合20世纪80年代的历史资料,分析了增江鱼类群落特征现状及历史变化.结果表明:本次调查共采集鱼类72种,隶属于7目18科60属.与20世纪80年代调查结果相比,物种数相差较小,但两次调查均采集到的鱼类只有43种,种类相似性指数仅为0.44.调查发现新记录种29种,其中多为小型鱼类.但历史记载的26种鱼类在此次调查中未发现.增江鱼类生态类型目前以习缓流或静水、中层栖息、杂食性、定居性鱼类为主.较历史相比,洄游性鱼类种类所占比例变化最大,从19.12%降至11.11%.亲流型种类物种组成相似性变化最大,物种相似性指数仅为0.25.目前增江支流渔获对象在多度和数量上均占优势的为宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)、南方波鱼(Rasbora cephalotaenia steineri)、马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens),其中宽鳍鱲为绝对优势种.干流地区为尼罗非鲫(Oreochromis niloticus)、鲮(Cirrhinus molitorella)、三角鲂(Magalobrame Tarminalis)等,其中,尼罗非鲫是绝对优势种.曾在80年代占据增江渔业主体的黄尾鲴(Xenocypris david)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)等物种渔获量已大幅下降.调查发现入侵鱼类4种,其中露斯塔野鲮(Labeo rohita)、下口鲶(Hypostomus plecostomus)和尼罗非鲫在20世纪80年代调查中未发现,为新记录种.调查结果表明增江地区鱼类组成发生了较大变化,而这些变化可能是由该地区大规模挖沙、水坝建设、不合理捕捞、外来鱼类入侵、水域污染等因素导致.  相似文献   

17.
中国毛莨科植物小志(十四)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
One variety of Eranthis, four species of Delphinium, one species of Anemone, and two species and one variety of Clematis are described as new. The distribution of Anemone reflexa Steph. in western part of Henan Province is reported for the first time. The morphological variation of the inflorescence of Clematis armandii Franch.is elucidated, andaccording to it Clematis hefengensis G.F.Tao is reduced to a variety of C.armandii Franch.  相似文献   

18.
生物文化多样性与西部大开发   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
中国是世界上生物多样性资源丰富的国家之一.作为全球性生物"巨大多样性"国家,中国具有多种多样的生态系统、植被类型、物种和遗传多样性.中国的植物尤其丰富,30,000种高等植物产于中国,其中乔、灌木7,500种;中国的动物区系同样丰富.据统计已发现有6,347种脊椎动物(包括1,244种鸟类和3,862种鱼类),特有植物物种多达17,300种;特有脊椎动物667种;中国西部12个省、市、自治区,包括甘肃、贵州、陕西、四川、青海、云南6省,广西壮族自治区、内蒙古自治区、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔族自治区和西藏自治区等5个自治区以及重庆市. 土地面积6.98万km2, 约占国土总面积的70%; 有全国75%的植物物种数和动物物种数.中国西部省区人口总数为4.05亿,其中少数民族人口占相当比重.多民族文化状态造就了中国西部省区成为独特的生物-文化多样性地区;另一方面,中国西部省区面临农村贫困、自然资源与环境的退化和少数民族依然处于边缘状态的现实.本文讨论了中国西部省区的生物与文化多样性及其在经济发展方面的潜力.急需保护该地区的自然和文化,以达到可持续发展的目的.  相似文献   

19.
常青自然保护区以大熊猫及其森林生态系统为保护对象,是生物多样性丰富的区域之一。种子植物146科,1792种,其中有中国种子植物特有属30属,国家保护植物29种;脊椎动物248种,其中国家珍贵保护动物30种。动、植物区系分析表明该区的原始性,南北过渡性以及种类的多样性和分布的复杂性。对该区存在的问题及多种珍稀动、植物栖息地的生物多样性的保护与持续发展的对策进行了探讨。  相似文献   

20.
已发表的涉及中国的蹄盖蕨属植物的名称有300多个,它们初步被处理为117种和一些变种和杂种,全文将分4次报道,本篇是第一部分:分种检索表。  相似文献   

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