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One-dimensional traffic model was studied with the consideration of stochastic deceleration by using the lattice Boltzmannmethod.The evolution equation for vehicle density was derived,which has the form of the Burgers equation exhibiting the effect of viscosity corresponding to the deceleration.The simulation with the model shows that the variation of vehicle density in space tends to a periodic one,which implies the existence of kinematic waves in the 1D traffic flow and coincides with theoretical prediction. 相似文献
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为研究混合非机动车道上快速行驶的电动自行车想要超越前方低速行驶车辆而进行鸣笛换道的现象,在分析经典Nasch模型的基础上,运用元胞自动机理论提出一种混合非机动车换道模型。首先,将混合非机动车换道过程分为两部分,即换道需求分析与换道操作过程|其次,在换道过程中引入鸣笛效应的概念,通过对基本换道模型的改进,建立混合非机动车的一般换道与鸣笛换道模型,并给出相应换道规则|最后,在改变交通流密度的情况下,对两种不同换道模型进行仿真对比分析。结果表明,当交通密度较低或较高时,鸣笛换道模型与一般换道模型得到的车辆平均速度及交通量几乎没有差别,但在中等密度范围内,鸣笛换道模型得到的车辆平均速度及交通量明显高于一般换道模型。说明在中等密度范围内,鸣笛换道行为有利于提高道路通行效率,但当密度较低或较高时,鸣笛换道行为对提高道路通行效率几乎不起作用。 相似文献
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通过对城市交叉口黄灯期间的驾驶行为进行分析,在黄灯亮起的时刻,某些车辆选择减速停车并不一定合理,因为车辆能否停得住与其行驶速度、减速性能以及车辆与停车线的距离有关。通过理论分析计算车辆以不同的减速度进行制动所需的时间及路段长度,同时对黄灯困境的产生原因进行了剖析。提出设置停车缓冲区的必要性及其管理方法。研究结论对城市交叉口通行效率的提高以及黄灯的规范设置与管理均具有积极的意义。 相似文献
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Car following model is one of microscopic models for describing traffic flow. Through linear stability analysis, the neutral stability lines and the critical points are obtained for the different types of car following models and two modified models. The singular perturbation method has been used to derive various nonlinear wave equations, such as the Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equation and the modified Korteweg-de-Vries (mKdV) equation, which could describe different density waves occurring in traffic flows under certain conditions. These density waves are mainly employed to depict the formation of traffic jams in the congested traffic flow. The general soliton solutions are given for the different types of car following models, and the results have been used to the modified models efficiently. 相似文献
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冯苏苇 《上海大学学报(英文版)》2005,9(1):1-5
Based on two main hypotheses of traffic economical equilibrium and the relationship between traffic density and the demand, an evolution equation of traffic cost was proposed to describe the change of cost under decreasing toll. Economical explanation of the model and a numerical case were given to demonstrate the constraint between the marginal traffic demand and the flow velocity. 相似文献
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针对车道被占用对城市道路通行能力的影响及车辆排队。根据交通波、排队论等理论,构建了道路通行能力评价和交通波滞动等模型,综合运用MATLAB软件和Excel软件进行分析及求解,总结出事故对实际通行能力影响的变化过程,不同车道对实际通行能力影响的差异,得到车辆排队长度与事故横断面实际通行能力、事故持续时间、路段上游车流量间的关系,计算出车辆排队长度到达上游路口的时间。 相似文献
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针对车道被占用对城市道路通行能力的影响,根据所给条件,运用数据统计、车流波动理论等方法,分别建立了道路实际通行能力模型和速度—密度模型,使用了Excel进行求解、作图,进而给出了不同车道被占用时道路横断面实际通行能力的变化过程和差异,以及给定条件下车辆排队长度与事故横断面道路的实际通行能力、事故持续时间和路段上游车流量之间的关系式。 相似文献
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交通是城市发展的重要组成部分,作为交通元素的汽车无疑是重中之重,因此,车灯光源的设计对交通的顺畅与安全更是举足轻重.好的车灯设计不仅可以使车辆在夜间的行驶顺畅,更能有效的避免对驾驶员的影响,从而减少交通事故.本文通过对光在旋转抛物面中反射的分析,总结出其中的规律,如:线光源反射光发散域、会聚域对测试屏光强的影响.利用几何光学作图,设计了一套简明的计算,提高了实际应用的效率.得到了线光源长度为3.12(mm)的优化解.并充分利用了计算机绘图的优势得到了十分精确的屏上亮区.为讨论测试规范的合理性提供了依据.文章还详尽讨论了设计规范的合理性,突出了设计线光源具有的重要意义. 相似文献
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Road side barriers are constructed to protect passengers and contain vehicles when a vehicle crashes into a barrier. In general, full-scale crash testing needs to be carried out if a geometrically and structurally equivalent barrier has not previously been proven to meet the requirements of containing the vehicle and dissipating sufficient impact energy for passenger protection. As full-scale crash testing is very expensive, the number of data that can be measured in a test is usually limited, and it may not always be possible to obtain good quality measurements in such a test, a reliable and efficient numerical simulation of crash testing is therefore very useful. This paper presents finite element simulations of a 3-rail steel road traffic barrier under vehicle impact. The performance levels defined in Australian Standards AS5100 Clause 10.5 for these barriers are checked. The numerical simulations show that the barrier is able to meet low performance levels. However, the maximum deceleration is higher than the acceptable limit for passenger protection. If present, a kerb launches the vehicles into the barrier, allowing for the possibility of overriding the barrier under certain circumstances, but it redirects the vehicle and reduces the incident angle, which reduces impact force on the barrier. Further investigation into all common kerb profiles on roads should be carried out, as only one kerb profile is investigated in this study. 相似文献
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行人过街交通特性参数是开展“以人为本”交通管理与控制工作的基础数据.针对现有的行人过街交通特性参数调查方法在行人交通密度与运动空间调查中存在的局限性,文章提出基于低空多旋翼无人机(UAV)辅助城市路口行人过街交通特性参数调查方法,利用无人机航拍视频图像,采用人工交互作业模式可以快速地提取路口行人过街速度、行人交通密度与运动空间等参数。以深圳市10个典型灯控路口为例进行测试,结果表明该方法具备可行性,统计获得深圳市灯控路口行人过街平均步速为1.52 m/s,略高于哈尔滨、北京、长春等城市的同类统计结果. 相似文献
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1Introduction Recently,more attention has been paid to urbantraffic,especially the traffic flow controlled by trafficlights.Traffic light control strategy is crucial for i m-proving the efficiency of urbantransportation network.The cellular automaton(CA)m… 相似文献
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Traffic flows controlled by traffic light strategies were investigated via a cellular automaton model with anticipation, which is suitable for describing urban traffic. Three kinds of strategies, i. e., synchronized, green-wave and random switching lights, were designed, simulated and compared with each other. It is shown that the green-wave strategy is only valid at lower density and there is not an effective way with the three strategies to improve the efficiency of traffic flow at high density. 相似文献
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饱和状况下平面交叉口的信号控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对道路交叉口在交通流处于过饱和状态,存在排队车辆且排队车辆的随机性明显减弱这一特征,建立该种状态下的交通流数学模型,利用最优控制理论来实现道路交叉口信号的优化配时。 相似文献
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This paper focuses mainly on the stability analysis of two-lane traffic flow with lateral friction, which may be caused by irregular driving behavior or poorly visible road markings, and also attempts to reveal the formation mechanism of traffic jams. Firstly, a two-lane optimal velocity (OV) model without control signals is proposed and its stability condition is obtained from the viewpoint of control theory. Then delayed-feedback control signals composed of distance headway information from both lanes are added to each vehicle and a vehicular control system is designed to suppress the traffic jams. Lane change behaviors are also incorporated into the two-lane OV model and the corresponding information about distance headway and feedback signals is revised. Finally, the results of numerical experiments are shown to verify that when the stability condition is not met, the position disturbances and resulting lane change behaviors do indeed deteriorate traffic performance and cause serious traffic jams. However, once the proper delayed-feedback control signals are implemented, the traffic jams can be suppressed efficiently. 相似文献
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在我国现有的混合动力客车能耗评价方法——GB/T 19754-2005试验法的基础上,提出了一种新的评价方法——单一工况当量能耗评价方法。即依据客车怠速、匀速、加速、减速不同工况的不同比例分布,求出其不同的能量消耗,再进行各能量消耗叠加,则可求出其总的燃油消耗量。 相似文献
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For the realtime classification of moving vehicles in the multi-lane traffic video sequences, a length-based method is proposed. To extract the moving regions of interest, the difference image between the updated background and current frame is obtained by using background subtraction, and then an edge-based shadow removal algorithm is implemented. Moreover, a thresholding segmentation method for the region detection of moving vehicle based on location search is developed. At the estimation stage, a registration line is set up in the detection area, then the vehicle length is estimated with the horizontal projection technique as soon as the vehicle leaves the registration line. Lastly, the vehicle is classified according to its length and the classification threshold. The proposed method is different from traditional methods that require complex camera calibrations. It calculates the pixel-based vehicle length by using uncalibrated traffic video sequences at lower computational cost. Furthermore, only one registration line is set up, which has high flexibility. Experimental results of three traffic video sequences show that the classification accuracies for the large and small vehicles are 97.1% and 96.7% respectively, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
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The conventional car-following theory is based on the assumption that vehicles will travel along the center line of lanes.
However, according to the field survey data, in complex traffic conditions, a lateral separation between the leader and the
follower frequently occurs. Accordingly, by taking lateral separation into account, we redefined the equation of time-to-collision
(TTC) using visual angle information. Based on the stimulus-response framework, TTC was introduced into the basic General
Motors (GM) model as a stimulus, and a non-lane-based car-following model of steady-state traffic flow was developed. The
property of flow-density relationship was further investigated after integrating the proposed car-following model with different
parameters. The results imply that the property of steady-state traffic flow and the capacity of each lane are highly relevant
to the microscopic staggered car-following behavior, and the proposed model significantly enhances the practicality of the
human driving behavior model. 相似文献