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1.
目的：掌握袁州区5岁以下儿童死亡主要原因,为降低死亡率提出有效的干预措施。方法：按照《江西省5岁以下儿童死亡监测方案》,收集2003-2007年袁州区5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料,计算新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率及5岁以下儿童死亡原因进行调查分析。结果：2007年袁州区5岁以下儿童死亡率13.99‰,婴儿死亡率9.53‰,新生儿死亡率5.95‰,较2003年（16.41‰、12.97‰、10.30‰）呈明显下降趋势。5岁以下儿童死因前5位,顺位为：肺炎、意外死亡、出生窒息、早产和低出生体重、先天异常。结论：2003-2007年,袁州区新生儿、婴儿5岁以下儿童死亡率有明显的下降趋势,我们应加强孕产期保健工作,提高产科、儿科质量,提高儿童安全防范意识,减少意外事故发生,是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。 相似文献
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分析莆田市2002—2006年5岁以下儿童死亡变化趋势及死因构成。5年来,5岁以下儿童平均死亡率、婴儿平均死亡率和新生儿平均死亡率分别为13.63‰、11.61‰和8.45‰,死亡率呈下降趋势,主要死因顺位依次为早产或低出生体重、出生窒息、肺炎、先天性心脏病。降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键是降低新生儿和婴儿死亡率。 相似文献
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据统计,中国白血病的自然发病率为3-4／10万,每年新增约4万名,其中40-50％是儿童,且以2至 7岁儿童居多,其中城市白血病患儿比例占30％。白血病是儿童最常见的恶性肿瘤,病因尚未完全明了,发病可能与某些病毒感染、遗传学异常、理化因素有关,最新的科学研究已为我们敲响警钟,我们应该注意什么? 1、孕前多吃蔬菜、水果和蛋白质能够降低新生儿患白血病的风险。 2、婴儿出生时体重较重是其童 相似文献
4.
新生儿窒息是围产儿转亡和儿童神经系统发育异常的主要原因。新生儿窒息又是胎儿窘迫的继续。如何及早发现并处理胎儿宫内窘迫可以使新生儿窒息及病死率明显下降。我科通过79例胎儿宫内窘迫行剖腹产术进行前瞻性临床分析并寻找预防措施。从而降低新生儿窒息及围产儿死亡的发生。 相似文献
5.
吴一梅 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》1997,(1)
新生儿颅内出血是儿科常见的危重病,病死率高,是新生儿早期死亡的重要原因之一,神经系统的后遗症也很常见。故把我院1989～1996年共收治的新生儿颅内出血16例,作一临床分析。 1 临床资料 1.1 一般情况:男13例,女3例,成熟儿11例,未成熟儿4例,过期产1例,9例有窒息史, 相似文献
6.
张红岩 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》1992,(4)
肺炎是小儿的常见病,也是婴幼儿时期的主要死亡原因之一。随着婴幼儿肺炎防治研究工作的进展,病死率有所降低。我科采用酚妥拉明配合综合疗法,治疗重症肺炎心衰取得较好疗效,现报告如下: 相似文献
7.
王良华 《铜陵职业技术学院学报》2009,8(4):36-36,55
目的：掌握潜山县农村5岁以下儿童死亡情况及主要死因,并探讨干预措施。方法：对2004-2007年四个抽样乡5岁以下儿童死亡监测点上报的死亡现状,死因结构及相关因素进行分析。结果：5岁以下儿童死亡率有逐年降低趋势,5岁以下儿童死亡原因主要为出生窒息,早产和低出生体重、意外、先天异常等。结论：降低潜山县农村5岁以下儿童死亡率必须加强围生期保健、产前诊断及住院分娩,强化窒息复苏技术的培训,提高儿童安全防范意识,提高产前诊断及筛查能力,积极改善农村儿童的生存水平。 相似文献
8.
徐松波 《启蒙(3-7岁)》2003,(7)
轮状病毒是引起宝宝夏秋季腹泻的杀手,由于有三分之一的患儿排出水样便,故称为夏秋季白色腹泻。轮状病毒感染主要见于5岁以下的婴幼儿,其中6个月至2岁的婴儿居多,占80%以上,2岁以上及新生儿均少见。新生儿感染了轮 相似文献
9.
李耀谦 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》1995,(3)
基层住院病儿,以24小时内死亡率最高。因此,降低其死亡率是降低病儿死亡率的关键。世界卫生组织要求到2000年使5岁以下儿童死亡率比1990年下降1/3,为了实现这一目标,降低病死率,将我院儿科1985年1 相似文献
10.
张小梅 《雁北师范学院学报》2014,(2):58-59
目的探讨沐舒坦治疗新生儿肺炎的疗效。方法将68例新生儿肺炎患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,2组均给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用沐舒坦治疗,比较2组的疗效。结果治疗组总有效率高于对照组,有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论沐舒坦能明显改善患儿的临床症状,缩短住院时间,降低住院费用,值得临床上推广。 相似文献
11.
The present study has investigated the prognosis of infants admitted to institutional care. The follow-up was made after five and ten years. Three groups of children were studied: those who were in adoptive homes, foster homes and biological homes, respectively, at the time of the investigation. Approximately 50% of the total population was treated in hospital after the neonatal period. More children in foster and biological homes were hospitalized because of trauma. At 4 years of age the psychomotor development was considered normal in 77% of the adopted children compared to approximately 55% in the other two groups. Furthermore, the children in foster and biological homes demonstrated a higher rate of psychological or behavioral disturbances. The children who were in foster homes had experienced more separations and 39% of them had been subjected to 6 or more placements. The experiences of institutional care per se in infancy do not predispose the child to health and behavioral problems. The determining factor for optimal development seems to be permanency of care and parenting capability. 相似文献
12.
R S Byrd A M Neistadt C R Howard C Brownstein-Evans M Weitzman 《Child abuse & neglect》1999,23(6):523-530
OBJECTIVE: To compare baseline characteristics, service provision, and child placement for infants exposed to cocaine in utero based on postnatal screening results. METHODS: We studied a retrospective cohort of 40 consecutive drug-exposed, but seemingly healthy term infants who underwent urine drug screening in the newborn nursery of a community hospital. Using clinical and service agency data, two cocaine-exposed cohorts were compared (a) screen-positive at birth (n = 22) versus (b) screen-negative at birth (n = 18). RESULTS: Both cocaine-exposed groups had similar infant birth weights, levels of paternal involvement, maternal ages, gravidity, parity, and lengths of gestation. Mothers in both groups had similar histories of prostitution, poor home environment, drug use, and prenatal drug rehabilitation. Mothers of screen-positive infants were more likely than mothers of screen-negative infants to have other children in foster care (27% vs. 6%, p = .07), to have experienced previous interventions by child protective services (CPS) (55% vs. 17%, p < .01), to have had no prenatal care (32% vs. 6%, p = .09), and fewer prenatal visits (4.7 vs. 8.6, p = .02). Compared to screen-negative infants, more screen-positive infants were referred to a high-risk infant tracking program (91% vs. 6%), referred to CPS (100% vs. 33%), placed outside the mother's home (50% vs. 22%), and had their mothers referred to drug rehabilitation (36% vs. 11%), (p < .01 for each). By 1 year of age, support services differed little between exposed cohorts. However, 6 of 22 screen-positive infants were in foster care and 3 were placed for adoption, while only 1 of the 18 screen-negative infants was in foster care and only 1 had been placed for adoption. There were no services available in this community to provide coordinated or comprehensive services or drug treatment specific to the needs of drug using mothers and drug exposed infants. CONCLUSIONS: Despite similarities between cocaine-exposed infants cared for in a normal newborn setting (with and without positive urine drug screens at birth), differences in referral services were noted. More striking than these differences was that services for families with drug-exposed infants are inadequate to even meet the needs of those families in our setting deemed to be at highest risk. Neonatal drug screening needs to be paired with effective services. 相似文献
13.
The aim of this study is to investigate epidemiological characteristics of the victims and the offenders in children homicide cases and to propose preventive measures. We retrospectively investigated homicides and deaths by neglect involving children aged 15 or less, which have been autopsied in the Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine of the Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France, during the 18-year period from 1991 to 2008. Cases included were analyzed for victims’ age and gender, victim-assailant's relation, death cause and scenery, and offender's motivation. For the purposes of the study, victims were divided into four age groups: new born; infants (1–23 months); young children (2–5 years); and children (6–15 years). During the study period, 70 victims of homicide or fatal neglect were identified, which equates to a child homicide prevalence of 0.56 per 100,000 children per year. Slightly more than half of the victims (51.4%) were less than 1 year old. Neonaticide prevalence was 0.12 per 100,000 births with an equal distribution between genders. Neonates were most likely to be killed by their mothers while fathers were the most frequent assailants in both infants and children groups. Stepparents were involved in only one case. Familicide cases where children and spouses are killed were perpetrated only by fathers. The leading cause of death was blunt trauma (especially head trauma). In the neonaticide group, half of the victims died from passive neglect whereas gunshots were predominant in the children groups. 相似文献
14.
Developmental psychophysiologists have long been interested in a means for evaluating infants at risk for cognitive disabilities. The current research addressed the utility of a noninvasive measure of cardiac vagal tone in predicting developmental outcome. At 40 weeks conceptional age, 3 min of resting EKG were recorded from 80 infants. Four groups of infants were evaluated: prematures who had no medical complications in the postnatal period; prematures who experienced respiratory distress syndrome during the postnatal period; term infants who experienced birth asphyxia during labor and/or postdelivery; and healthy term infants. The mental scale of the Bayley Scales of Mental Development was administered at 8 and 12 months conceptional age. Heart period data were analyzed to derive mean heart period, heart period variability, and estimates of vagal tone for each subject. Analyses of the relationship between the heart period variables and 8- and 12-month outcome (i.e., Bayley Scales) indicated that infants with high vagal tone at 40 weeks conceptional age always had positive developmental outcome at both eight and 12 months of age. Infants with low vagal tone had varied outcomes. Measures of medical complications and other measures of heart period variability were not related to developmental outcome. The results suggest that measurement of cardiac vagal tone may provide an important means for assessing risk in birth stressed populations. 相似文献
15.
This study was conducted to determine the frequency of abuse and neglect among infants and preschool children seen in the emergency department of a large children's hospital. A case-finding system was introduced using a checklist (Accident-SCAN) to remind the attending nurse and physician to consider the possibility of maltreatment in the etiology of each apparent accident. Thirty-nine of 2,211 accident patients were evaluated systematically during an 18-week study period and referred to a child protection team for investigation. Twenty-eight (1.3%) were presumed to be victims of abuse or neglect. This figure differs substantially from the widely quoted estimate of 10%. The marked discrepancy between this result and previous findings suggests that either important variations exist in the rates of abuse and neglect in different populations or that the earlier figures are overestimates. 相似文献
16.
幼儿抗挫折能力是幼儿适应社会环境所不可缺少的一种生存能力,是儿童健全人格的重要组成部分.本研究采用问卷调查法对507名3～5岁幼儿抗挫折能力的发展特点进行调查,结果表明:幼儿抗挫折能力的发展存在极其显著的年龄差异,表现出随年龄增长而不断增强的发展趋势,3～4岁可能是幼儿抗挫折能力发展的关键期;幼儿抗挫折能力的发展不存在显著的性别差异. 相似文献
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To test the inversion of intensity interpretation based on negative relations between newborn and preschool intensity behaviors (Bell, Weller, & Waldrop 1971), 106 normal children were examined at the neonatal and preschool periods. Data analyses were carried out in 2 parts: Part I was an attempt to reconstruct the same measures of intensity Bell et al. used at both periods, and Part II was a broader factor analytic analysis using all measures conceptually related to intensity in the neonatal and preschool periods. In Part I, several correlations were in the direction consistent with inversion, but only 1 of 20 correlations reached significance. In Part II, several significant correlations between intensity behavior at newborn and preschool periods were obtained, indicating intense newborn behavior to be related to low levels of socially negative behaviors. Interpretations of intensity behaviors at both periods and their longitudinal relations are discussed. 相似文献
20.
Megan R. Gunnar Fran L. Porter Cynthia M. Wolf Joseph Rigatuso Mary C. Larson 《Child development》1995,66(1):1-13
To investigate the relations among popular measures of neonatal stress and their link to subsequent temperament, 50 full-term newborns from a normal care nursery were examined responding to a heelstick blood draw. Baseline and heelstick measures of behavioral state, heart period, vagal tone, and salivary cortisol were obtained. Recovery measures of behavioral and cardiac activity were also analyzed. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire when their infants reached 6 months of age. Baseline vagal tone predicted cortisol in response to the heelstick, suggesting that baseline vagal tone reflects the infants' ability to react to stressors. Greater reactivity to the heelstick (more crying, shorter heart periods, lower vagal tone, and higher cortisol) was associated with lower scores on "Distress-to-Limitations" temperament at 6 months. This finding was consistent with the expectation that the capacity to react strongly to an aversive stimulus would reflect better neurobehavioral organization in the newborn. Recovery measures of cardiac activity approximated and were correlated with baseline measures indicating the strong self-righting properties of the healthy newborn. Finally, vagal tone and salivary cortisol measures were not significantly related, suggesting the importance of assessing both systems in studies of the ontogeny of stress-temperament relations. 相似文献