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1.
Phonological awareness has been shown to be one of the most reliable predictors and associates of reading ability. In an attempt
to better understand its development, we have examined the interrelations of speech skills and letter knowledge to the phonological
awareness and early reading skills of 99 preschool children. We found that phoneme awareness, but not rhyme awareness, correlated
with early reading measures. We further found that phoneme manipulation was closely associated with letter knowledge and with
letter sound knowledge, in particular, where rhyme awareness was closely linked with speech perception and vocabulary. Phoneme
judgment fell in between. The overall pattern of results is consistent with phonological representation as an important factor
in the complex relationship between preschool children’s phonological awareness, their emerging knowledge of the orthography,
and their developing speech skills. However, where rhyme awareness is a concomitant of speech and vocabulary development,
phoneme awareness more clearly associates with the products of literacy experience. 相似文献
2.
Studies have begun to focus on what skills contribute to the development of phonological awareness, an important predictor of reading attainment. One of these skills is the perception of prosody, which is the rhythm, tempo and stress of a language. To examine whether prosodic perception contributes to phonological awareness prior to reading tuition, we assessed 49 prereaders. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we found that measures of prosodic perception and phonological awareness loaded onto separate factors. Our regression analyses revealed that prosodic perception accounted for significant variance after partialling out definitional vocabulary and memory for digits, but not after accounting for receptive vocabulary. Based on the independence of prosodic perception from definitional vocabulary, we concluded that prosodic perception contributes to the development of phonological awareness indirectly through receptive vocabulary, by improving speech‐processing skills, but independently of semantic knowledge. Further studies should examine the role of prosody in children at risk of later reading difficulties. 相似文献
3.
The main hypotheses addressed in the research were (1) whether imprecision in the phonological representations of lexical
items underlies the impaired expressive naming abilities of disabled readers, and (2) whether weak verbal memory might mediate
the relationship between naming and reading skills. From samples of 93 first graders and 67 fourth graders, extreme groups
of good and poor readers were identified and compared on measures of receptive vocabulary, expressive naming, acceptability
judgments for variants of object names, imitation and correction of naming errors by another speaker, pseudoword repetition,
and long-term memory. Performance was generally better by older than younger students and by good than poor readers at each
age, with little interaction between grade and reader group. The results indicated that for both good and poor readers, imprecise
phonological knowledge, especially about long words, contributed to children’s difficulties on all naming tasks. Memory differences,
however, appeared to play only a minor role in explaining the strong association between naming and reading. 相似文献
4.
通过使用音素定位、句法更正、句子尾词记忆.单词阅读、句子理解和短文理解任务探查了初一学生英语语音意识,句法意识和工作记忆与单词阅读、句子阅读和短文阅读等不同层次阅读的关系,以及阅读水平高低不同学生在元语言意识的差异.结果发现,英语阅读水平高低两组学生在英语语音意识、句法意识和工作记忆方面有显著差异.回归分析发现,英语句法意识对不同层次阅读都具有最显著的预测作用,但英语语音意识只对短文阅读理解有显著预测作用,工作记忆对不同层次阅读的预测都不显著,表明英语句法意识是初一学生英语阅读的重要预测变量. 相似文献
5.
This study investigated the effects of a 12-week language-enriched phonological awareness instruction on 76 Hong Kong young children who were learning English as a second language. The children were assigned randomly to receive the instruction on phonological awareness skills embedded in vocabulary learning activities or comparison instruction which consisted of vocabulary learning and writing tasks but no direct instruction in phonological awareness skills. They were tested on receptive and expressive vocabulary, phonological awareness at the syllable, rhyme and phoneme levels, reading, and spelling in English before and after the program implementation. The results indicated that children who received the phonological awareness instruction performed significantly better than the comparison group on English word reading, spelling, phonological awareness at all levels and expressive vocabulary on the posttest when age, general intelligence and the pretest scores were controlled statistically. The findings suggest that phonological awareness instruction embedded in vocabulary learning activities might be beneficial to kindergarteners learning English as a second language. 相似文献
6.
《教育心理学家》2013,48(3):109-121
Relations between phonological processing and speech perception skills in reading-disabled children and adults are considered. Following Wagner and Torgesen (1987), phonological processing is comprised of at least three distinct though interrelated abilities--phonemic awareness, phonological recoding in lexical access, and short-term verbal memory skills. Speech perception skills may also represent two domains, speech perception and short-term memory. Studies of speech perception and word reading are critiqued. The interactions of speech perception, phonological processing skills, and word-reading abilities with development are considered in a preliminary model of reading. Although studies of phonological processing and speech perception in poor readers have thus far developed separately, experimenters in these isolated domains could benefit from the research findings in each and the unique paradigms each uses to investigate deficits in poor readers. 相似文献
7.
In this cross‐sectional study, we explore the relationship between prosodic sensitivity (suprasegmental phonology) and phonological awareness (segmental phonology) and investigate whether a group of poor readers display significant suprasegmental phonological deficits in comparison to chronological age‐matched controls and younger, reading age‐matched controls. Phonological awareness assessments were administered along with a battery of prosodic sensitivity assessments drawn from recent literature. The results showed that poor readers were outperformed by their chronological age‐matched counterparts on all measures of prosodic sensitivity. A significant main effect of group was found on the revised stress mispronunciations task and the stress assignment task from the prosodic assessment battery, the former of which remained even after controlling for individual differences in receptive vocabulary and measures of phonological awareness. Significant relationships were also found between measures of prosodic sensitivity and phonological awareness (especially phoneme awareness). These findings emphasise the importance of both segmental and suprasegmental phonological skills in children's reading development. 相似文献
8.
Miguel López-Zamora Carlos J. Álvarez Pedro L. Cobos 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2013,17(5):443-456
This article examines the relationship between individual differences in speech perception and sublexical/phonological processing in reading. We used an auditory phoneme identification task in which a?/ba/-/pa/?syllable continuum measured sensitivity to classify participants into three performance groups: poor, medium, and good categorizers. A lexical decision task manipulated syllable and word frequency. We found that the two tasks were associated. Poor categorizers did not present the typical syllable frequency effect; however, the other groups were sensitive to phonological information to differing degrees and showed the inhibitory syllable frequency effect only for low-frequency words. These results suggest that auditory phoneme identification efficiency may be related to the sublexical processes involved in reading words. 相似文献
9.
Two experiments and three measures of lexical skills (word finding, rapid automatized naming, receptive vocabulary) were administered to 24 third and 24 fifth graders. Each experiment included two between-subject variables (grade and sex) and four within-subject variables (mode of sentence presentation – one word and one-sentence-at-a-time; word type – orthographic, phonological and semantic foils; position of foil in sentence – beginning, middle, and end; and sentence type – meaningful and nonsense). The experiments contrasted on reading comprehension task: receptive sentence acceptability (Experiment 1) or expressive sentence reproduction (Experiment 2). One-word-at-a-time presentation, which highlights the lexical unit, resulted in better accuracy on the expressive task that required verbatim reproduction than on the forced choice receptive task. Word finding and rapid automatized naming that require active production of phonologically-referenced name codes, but not receptive vocabulary, were correlated with measures of word recognition and reading comprehension in the experiments and on the psychometric tests. These results are consistent with Perfetti's contention that a phonologically-based name code is the heart of lexical access. 相似文献
10.
Does the intensification of what can be called “language-specific speech perception” around reading onset occur as a function of maturation or experience? Preschool 5-year-olds with no school experience, 5-year-olds with 6 months' schooling, 6-year-olds with 6 months' schooling, and 6-year-olds with 18 months' schooling were tested on native and nonnative speech contrasts, phonological awareness, and letter identification. Native speech perception was predicted by phonological awareness, but not school experience or age, whereas nonnative speech perception was negatively related to school experience and had no relationship with age or phonological awareness. Over and above any limitation of a possible selection bias associated with parents' choice of school entry age, the results suggest that intensified language-specific speech perception is due to more robust phoneme categories: increased phonological awareness facilitates judgments of native phoneme membership, whereas increased experience with phoneme-to-grapheme mapping assists in the process of disregarding allophonic variations within native phoneme classes. 相似文献
11.
There is growing evidence that children with reading difficulties show impaired auditory rhythm perception and impairments in musical beat perception tasks. Rhythmic musical interventions with poorer readers may thus improve rhythmic entrainment and consequently improve reading and phonological skills. Here we compare the effects of a musical intervention for poor readers with a software intervention of known efficacy based on rhyme training and phoneme‐grapheme learning. The research question was whether the musical intervention would produce gains of comparable effect sizes to the phoneme‐grapheme intervention for children who were falling behind in reading development. Broadly, the two interventions had similar benefits for literacy, with large effect sizes. 相似文献
12.
In this study, we explored the relationship between beginning readers' phonological awareness and other aspects of phonological processing, specifically as manifested in short-term memory and comprehension tasks. The theoretical questions underlying the study were (a) what roles phonological processes play in children's beginning reading, from word identification through sentence comprehension, and (b) whether those roles are sufficiently related that potential difficulties at one level directly affect processing at other levels. Phonologically induced effects were observed for word-list memory and for sentence judgments for both novice readers (at the end of kindergarten) and relatively more experienced readers (end of Grades 1 and 2). For both age groups, correlational analyses revealed relationships among phonological awareness, phonological processing in list memory, and word reading. However, phonological processing in sentence comprehension was not related to other types of phonological processing. These results indicate that although phonology plays a role during comprehension, phonological processing may not be as limiting a factor in comprehension as in word reading. 相似文献
13.
The alphasyllabary of Kannada comprises more than 400 symbols called akshara; each symbol is visuo-spatially complex with a consistent representation at the dual levels of the syllable and the phoneme.
We investigated reading difficulties in Kannada among 8–12 year old children by conducting a between-groups followed by a
case series analysis. We compared the children with reading difficulties with same age competent readers and younger readers
who were similar in language level, matched on measures of vocabulary, syntactic processing, and morphological processing.
Reading difficulties were characterized by poor akshara knowledge. Concomitant impairments were in syllable and phoneme level
phonological skills, in rapid naming and in oral language skills. The case series analysis highlighted the variability of
profiles among poor readers with the most common impairments being in akshara knowledge and phonological processing. Sub-groups
of poor readers showed additional deficits in oral language, rapid naming, and visual processing skills. Together our findings
indicate that the core deficit associated with reading difficulty in the alphasyllabary of Kannada is in the phonological
domain. However, accompanying deficits in related skills, including visual processing, can further inhibit reading attainment.
The findings from this study support a multifactorial model of reading development. 相似文献
14.
A group of 21 hard-of-hearing and deaf children attending primary school were trained by their teachers on the production of selected consonants and on the meanings of selected words. Speech production, vocabulary knowledge, reading aloud, and speech perception measures were obtained before and after each type of training. The speech production training produced a small but significant improvement in the percentage of consonants correctly produced in words. The vocabulary training improved knowledge of word meanings substantially. Performance on speech perception and reading aloud were significantly improved by both types of training. These results were in accord with the predictions of a mathematical model put forward to describe the relationships between speech perception, speech production, and language measures in children (Paatsch, Blamey, Sarant, Martin, & Bow, 2004). These training data demonstrate that the relationships between the measures are causal. In other words, improvements in speech production and vocabulary performance produced by training will carry over into predictable improvements in speech perception and reading scores. Furthermore, the model will help educators identify the most effective methods of improving receptive and expressive spoken language for individual children who are deaf or hard of hearing. 相似文献
15.
This study examined phonological awareness at the level of phonemes and rhyme and related this to nonword naming ability. Poor readers were compared with 11 year old chronological-age controls and 8 year old reading-age controls. The poor reader group was impaired for chronological age in all tasks, and impaired for reading age at nonword naming and phoneme deletion. The poor readers' rhyming skills, however, were commensurate with reading age. Individual variation was observed together with exceptions to the group findings; most poor readers performed within the range of the reading-age controls on the phonological tasks and in nonword naming. Dissociations in phonological skills were evident, including indications that intact awareness of rhyme may not be a prerequisite for the development of phoneme awareness. Furthermore, phoneme awareness correlated significantly with poor readers' word and nonword reading ability, whereas rhyming skill did not. Therefore, phoneme awareness may be more important than rhyming skill in understanding reading disorders. 相似文献
16.
17.
Savage RS Frederickson N Goodwin R Patni U Smith N Tuersley L 《Journal of learning disabilities》2005,38(1):12-28
In this article, we explore the relationship between rapid automatized naming (RAN) and other cognitive processes among below-average, average, and above-average readers and spellers. Nonsense word reading, phonological awareness, RAN, automaticity of balance, speech perception, and verbal short-term and working memory were measured. Factor analysis revealed a 3-component structure. The first component included phonological processing tasks, RAN, and motor balance. The second component included verbal short-term and working memory tasks. Speech perception loaded strongly as a third component, associated negatively with RAN. The phonological processing tests correlated most strongly with reading ability and uniquely discriminated average from below- and above-average readers in terms of word reading, reading comprehension, and spelling. On word reading, comprehension, and spelling, RAN discriminated only the below-average group from the average performers. Verbal memory, as assessed by word list recall, additionally discriminated the below-average group from the average group on spelling performance. Motor balance and speech perception did not discriminate average from above- or below-average performers. In regression analyses, phonological processing measures predicted word reading and comprehension, and both phonological processing and RAN predicted spelling. 相似文献
18.
Autumn L. McIlraith Language Reading Research Consortium 《Journal of Research in Reading》2018,41(1):79-96
Predictors of early word reading are well established. However, it is unclear if these predictors hold for readers across a range of word reading abilities. This study used quantile regression to investigate predictive relationships at different points in the distribution of word reading. Quantile regression analyses used preschool and kindergarten measures of letter knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid automatised naming, sentence repetition, vocabulary and mother's education to predict first‐grade word reading. Predictors generally varied in significance across levels of word reading. Notably, rapid automatised naming was a significant unique predictor for average and good readers but not poor readers. Letter knowledge was generally a stronger unique predictor for poor and average readers than good readers. Well‐known word reading predictors varied in significance at different points along the word reading distribution. Results have implications for early identification and statistical analyses of reading‐related outcomes. What is already known about this topic
- Early predictors of word reading are well established, with letter knowledge, phonological awareness and rapid automatised naming identified as key predictors.
- These relationships are primarily investigated in average readers, or in groups of good and poor readers separated by an arbitrary cut‐off score.
- In this study, we used quantile regression to determine significant predictors of word reading across a range of word reading abilities.
- The quantile regression approach avoids the loss of power that can arise when creating subgroups and has none of the issues associated with the use of a single, arbitrary cut-off score to separate good and poor readers.
- Letter knowledge and phonological awareness were significantly predictive of word reading across the distribution of word reading abilities, whereas rapid automatised naming was significant only for good readers, and sentence recall was significant only for poor readers.
- Results reinforce the usefulness of measures such as letter knowledge, phonological awareness and sentence repetition in the early identification of children at risk for reading disabilities.
- Results also suggest that measures of rapid naming may add little unique information in differentiating between children who subsequently read in the below‐average range.
19.
While the importance of phonological sensitivity for understanding reading acquisition and impairment across orthographies
is well documented, what underlies deficits in phonological sensitivity is not well understood. Some researchers have argued
that speech perception underlies variability in phonological representations. Others have investigated the role of more general
auditory sensitivity for reading development and reading difficulties, arguing that poor phonological representations may
actually be due to broad underlying auditory deficits, which are not restricted to speech stimuli. We argue that these hypotheses
are not necessarily mutually exclusive. In this review, we demonstrate that auditory sensitivity and speech perception can
be integrated into a single developmental model, in which auditory sensitivity may have an indirect impact on reading; this
impact is mediated by speech perception. In the model, we distinguish general auditory sensitivity as falling into at least
two general categories: rhythmic and temporal. Correspondingly, speech perception itself can be distinguished as suprasegmental
and segmental. Theoretically, the proposed model integrates a broad range of studies on general auditory and speech perception
to suggest a developmental trajectory for reading acquisition that can be explored from before birth. Practically, the proposed
model points to different ways of understanding and diagnosing reading difficulties and distinguishing reading difficulties
across languages and orthographies. 相似文献
20.
Word reading skills and reading‐related language and cognitive correlates were examined in Swedish 10–15‐year‐olds with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The full group with ASD did not differ statistically from an age‐matched comparison group in word reading, but a poor‐readers subgroup was identified who displayed severe difficulties. Normal readers with ASD did not differ from the comparison group in nonverbal ability, phonological processing, rapid naming or receptive vocabulary. The poor subgroup performed, however, below on all measures except nonverbal ability. When poor readers with ASD were matched for reading level with younger controls, no difference was found on any reading‐related skill. No significant correlation was furthermore found between autistic symptomatology and word reading within the ASD group. It is concluded that the pattern of individual differences in word reading among children with ASD conforms well to that seen in children without ASD of normal or delayed reading abilities. 相似文献