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1.
Jie Yuan Sarah Carr Guosheng Ding Shimin Fu John Xuexin Zhang 《Reading and writing》2017,30(3):631-651
Prolonged inspection of a Chinese character induces a feeling of uncertainty of the character, a phenomenon named as Orthographic Satiation. However, there has not been direct evidence showing that such satiation does occur at the orthographic level. To investigate whether Chinese satiation occurs at the orthographic level or at other levels, the present study applies a speeded repetition priming paradigm to Chinese, which has been successfully used to examine Semantic Satiation in English. When judging whether a category name matched an exemplar word, participants showed gradually slower responses as the character standing for the category name was repeated, indicating the occurrence of satiation. However, repetition of a character without accessing its meaning, or repeated access to its meaning without repeating the character itself, did not elicit satiation. The results suggest Orthographic Satiation occurs not at the orthographic level, but at a level associating orthography and meaning during Chinese character reading. 相似文献
2.
Chinese orthographic decomposition refers to a sense of uncertainty about the writing of a well-learned Chinese character following a prolonged inspection of the character. This study investigated the decomposition phenomenon in a test situation in which Chinese characters were repeatedly presented in a word context and assessed whether the decomposition of a character is related to the boundness of its constituent radicals. Two experiments were conducted to compare differences in the rate of decomposition between two types of LR-character (i.e., such a character consisted of two radicals juxtaposed horizontally). One type was the characters with each character consisting of unbound radicals (i.e., the radicals can stand alone and have their own lexical entries). The other was those with each consisting of bound radicals (i.e., the radicals cannot stand alone and have no lexical entries). Results show that the decomposition of the LR-characters was robust but independent of the boundness and, hence, lexicality of their constituent radicals. This result suggests that the character decomposition is better understood by considering that the link between a visual character and its sound is not direct so that its sound cannot be used to bind its visual details into the gestalt in which the character is perceived, which may finally result in an orthographic decomposition. 相似文献
3.
Hong Li Jie Zhang Linnea Ehri Yu Chen Xiaotong Ruan Qiong Dong 《Reading and writing》2016,29(7):1363-1381
Previous research has shown that the presence of English word spellings facilitates children’s oral vocabulary learning. Whether a similar orthographic facilitation effect may exist in Chinese is interesting but not intuitively obvious due to the character writing system representing morphosyllabic but not phoneme-size information, and the more direct semantic-orthography mapping but less consistent orthography and pronunciation correspondence in Chinese. The current study aims to examine whether semantic and phonological information provided by character radicals affects oral vocabulary learning of Chinese children. Twenty-four second graders studied made-up associations between 12 spoken labels and pictures accompanied either by accurate phonological information characters, misleading phonological information characters, or no orthography. Half of phonologically accurate or misleading characters were semantically accurate or misleading. Pictures prompted recall of spoken labels without orthography present on tests. Results showed that exposure to characters which accurately represent sounds and meanings during learning did not enhance recall of the spoken labels compared to no orthography in early trials. But exposure to characters, which misrepresent sounds and meanings, significantly impeded vocabulary learning compared to no orthography. 相似文献
4.
We investigated the effects of enhancing orthographic knowledge on the spelling of Chinese characters and words in 131 eight-year-old
Chinese children at risk for dyslexia. The traditional approach (37 children) emphasizing memory and repeated writing was
the control condition. The analytic and synthetic approach (ASA, 33 children) stressed insight into character structure. The
integrated analytic and synthetic approach added to ASA self-correction and metacognitive activities (INA, 61 children). The
children were first asked to write down as many words as possible associated with pictures of home, school, and community;
the correctly written words formed the baseline information. The children were then instructed by their classroom teachers
in six especially designed short texts and assessed in eight measurable bujian or radical tasks subserving three constructs: morpheme completion, bujian analysis and synthesis and bujian compounding.
Multivariate analyses of variance showed that the children in the INA condition outperformed those in the other conditions
in three of the measurable bujian tasks. A confirmatory factor analysis verified the stability of the eight tasks and their
clustering into three constructs. From these results, we tentatively propose a “bujian sensitivity hypothesis” as a means
of helping young Chinese children at risk for spelling disorders. 相似文献
5.
汉字的心理贮存和认知历程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汉字的心理贮存是汉字的正字法形式及其所附意义内容对应联系的心理表征,阅读心理词典因而有双层的心理结构;心理词典存在的基础是字词学习的心理机制;字词频率浓缩了字词的学习过程,代表了字词学习的程度,决定了字词的识别方式和知觉表征单元的大小;从字形视觉信息经过视觉信息的整合到达表层心理词典,再通达到深层心理词典是汉字阅读认知的历程 相似文献
6.
Orthographic spelling is a major difficulty in German-speaking children with dyslexia. The aim of the present study was to
evaluate the effectiveness of an orthographic spelling training in spelling-disabled students (grade 5 and 6). In study 1,
ten children (treatment group) received 15 individually administered weekly intervention sessions (60 min each). A control
group (n = 4) did not receive any intervention. In study 2, orthographic spelling training was provided to a larger sample consisting
of a treatment group (n = 13) and a delayed treatment control group (n = 14). The main criterion of spelling improvement was analyzed using an integrated dataset from both studies. Repeated-measures
analysis of variance revealed that gains in spelling were significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control
group. Statistical analyses also showed significant improvements in reading (study 1) and in a measure of participants’ knowledge
of orthographic spelling rules (study 2). The findings indicate that an orthographic spelling training enhances reading and
spelling ability as well as orthographic knowledge in spelling-disabled children learning to spell a transparent language
like German. 相似文献
7.
聂富博 《淮北职业技术学院学报》2014,(2):79-80
许慎的《说文解字》第一卷收口部字,共180字,重文21字。在对口部字的解说特例与其字形、字音和字义的分析的基础上,我们可以更加系统地掌握这些汉字,并在对外汉语教学中起到辅助作用。 相似文献
8.
Che Kan Leong Shek Tse Wing Ki Elizabeth Loh 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2019,66(5):455-477
AbstractThe present study aimed at developing young children’s knowledge of the structure and function of orthographic components of Chinese characters and words. Grade 2, eight-year-old Chinese children (N = 541) were taught a twelve-week training programme in two quasi experimental conditions: analytic and synthetic approach (ASA), and integrated analytic and synthetic approach (INA). A traditional memorisation and drill approach (TRA) was the control condition. MANOVAs and hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed the INA was more effective as compared with the ASA and the TRA in the post-training character writing performance. The groups performed differentially in the eight bujian (‘radical’ components) processing tasks as indicators of their character and word writing performance. A confirmatory factor analysis found these eight indicator tasks subserved well the three latent constructs of Word Form Retrieval, Bujian Analysis and Synthesis and Bujian Compounding. Bujian analysis and synthesis are emphasised in the character-centred approach in learning and teaching Chinese lexical items. 相似文献
9.
This study investigated Chinese children’s development of sensitivity to positional (orthographic), phonological, and semantic cues of radicals in encoding novel Chinese characters. A newly designed picture-novel character mapping task, along with nonverbal reasoning ability, vocabulary, and Chinese character recognition were administered to 198 kindergartners, 172 second graders and 165 fifth graders. Children’s strategies in using positional, phonological, and semantic cues of radicals varied across grades. The higher the children’s grade level, the more commonly children used semantic and positional cues of radicals. Regression analyses showed that the contribution of semantic radical awareness for explaining Chinese character reading increased as children’s grade increased, whereas the contribution of positional regularity awareness decreased. These findings suggest that learning Chinese characters involves a transition from a sound- and position-based approach to a meaning-based approach. 相似文献
10.
繁简字是一种较为常见的汉字字际关系,也是汉字学研究的重点内容之一。繁简字有广义和狭义之分,广义繁简字与狭义繁简字既存在联系也具有区别。在廓清繁简字定义的基础之上,通过梳理其与异体字、同形字、通假字、分化字、正俗字等字际关系的现有研究成果,讨论繁简字与诸字际关系的交叉与分野,可以有效厘清不同术语之间的关系,使繁简字畛域更加清晰,亦可为之后的繁简字相关研究作铺垫。 相似文献
11.
Lin Zhou Gang Peng Hong-Ying Zheng I-Fan Su William S-Y. Wang 《Reading and writing》2013,26(6):967-989
Most sinograms (i.e., Chinese characters) are phonograms (phonetic compounds). A phonogram is composed of a semantic radical and a phonetic radical, with the former usually implying the meaning of the phonogram, and the latter providing cues to its pronunciation. This study focused on the sub-lexical processing of semantic radicals which are themselves free standing sinograms. Two primed naming experiments were carried out to examine whether the meanings and pronunciations of the semantic radicals embedded in phonograms were activated or not during sinogram recognition. In Experiment 1, semantically opaque phonograms were used as primes. We observed facilitatory priming effects for targets which were semantically related to the semantic radicals embedded in primes, but not to the primes themselves. These effects were present for low-frequency primes, but not for high-frequency primes. Experiment 2 used only low-frequency phonograms as primes. We observed facilitatory priming effects for targets which were homophones of the semantic radicals embedded in primes, but not of the primes themselves. These results suggest that sub-lexical semantic and phonological information of semantic radicals are activated, and that the activation processes are modulated by the lexical frequency of the host phonograms. Our study shows that sub-lexical processing of semantic radicals is similar to that of phonetic radicals, indicating no fundamental difference between sub-lexical processing of semantic and phonetic radicals, supporting the view that a radical has a unique representation irrespective of its function in the orthographic system of Taft’s model. 相似文献
12.
In the present study, the mediating roles of syllable awareness, orthographic knowledge, and vocabulary skills and the moderating role of morpheme family size in the association between morphological awareness and Chinese character reading were investigated with 176 second-grade Hong Kong Chinese children. In the path analyses, the results indicated significant partial mediating effects of semantic radical function knowledge and vocabulary skills but not of syllable awareness and pseudocharacter identification. A significant moderating effect of morpheme family size was also observed. Children with relatively poor compounding structure awareness performed much more poorly in reading Chinese characters that had a small family size. The mediating and moderating effects documented in the present study can help us understand the mechanism involved in the relationship between morphological awareness and Chinese character reading and provide evidence as a basis for modifying current instruction strategies for improving Chinese children’s reading performance. 相似文献
13.
The effects of semantic and phonetic radicals on Chinese character decoding were examined. Our results suggest that semantic
and phonetic radicals are each available for access when a corresponding task emphasizes one or the other kind of radical.
But in a more neutral lexical recognition task, the semantic radical is more informative. Semantic radicals that correctly
pertain to character meaning facilitated reaction time in semantic categorization tasks (Experiment #1), while radicals that
had no immediately interpretable relation to character meaning had a strong inhibitory effect. Likewise, phonetic radicals
that accurately indicated a character’s pronunciation facilitated a homonym recognition task (Experiment #2), whereas phonetic
radicals that differed significantly in pronunciation from their character inhibited homonym recognition. In a lexical decision
task (Experiment #3) where each character had either a blurred semantic radical or a blurred phonetic radical, the characters
with a blurred semantic radical elicited a significantly higher error rate and a trend for longer response times. These results
are interpreted to indicate that while educated native Chinese speakers have full use of both semantic and phonetic paths
to character decoding, there is a slight predisposition to semantic decoding strategies over phonetic ones indicating that
the semantic path is the default means of character recognition. 相似文献
14.
Explicit instruction in orthographic structure and word morphology helps Chinese children learn to write characters 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Jerome L. Packard Xi Chen Wenling Li Xinchun Wu Janet S. Gaffney Hong Li Richard C. Anderson 《Reading and writing》2006,19(5):457-487
Previous research in alphabetic languages had shown that children learning to write are sensitive to morphological information, and that it serves as a resource that they draw upon as they acquire writing skills. In Chinese as well, sensitivity to morphological and orthographic information had been found to predict children’s ability to read characters. The present study investigated whether raising children’s awareness of the morphemic and orthographic structure of Chinese words would lead to beneficial results in their learning to write Chinese. An experimental group of 144 first graders from two primary schools in Beijing, China were given instruction designed to increase their knowledge of the orthographic and morphological structure of Chinese words. After two semesters, the experimental group’s ability to copy Chinese characters and to write them from memory were both found to be significantly better than a control group. Theoretical implications are discussed, including how writing benefits from the types of linguistic knowledge that underlie lexical storage and retrieval in reading and speech. Educational implications are also discussed, such as how drawing children’s attention to the morphemic components of Chinese words and the systematic features of Chinese orthography provides them with multiple sources of information they may utilize in learning to write. 相似文献
15.
Clay Williams 《Reading and writing》2013,26(2):293-315
This study examines the effects of semantic and phonetic radicals on Chinese character decoding by high-intermediate level Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) learners. The results of the study suggest that the CFL learners tested have a well-developed semantic pathway to recognition; however, their phonological pathway is not yet a reliable means of character identification. Semantic radicals that correctly pertain to character meaning facilitated reaction time in semantic categorization tasks, while radicals that had no immediately interpretable relation to character meaning had a strong inhibitory effect. The relative accuracy of phonetic radicals (for predicting the whole-character’s pronunciation) did not measurably improve homonym recognition. In a lexical decision task (Experiment 3), the subjects were significantly slower in identifying pseudo-characters when the phonological component was blurred, indicating that, despite having unreliable phonological pathways to character recognition, the subjects were still using phonological radical analysis as their default recognition strategy; however, the author argues that the radical is likely being used for orthographic disambiguation more than for phonological properties. 相似文献
16.
汉字简化是汉字发展中的重要现象。汉字简化问题一直被社会各界广泛关注,然而汉字简化有利有弊,及时地总结和分析其利弊之处,有利于促使汉字的规范化,引导其科学发展。 相似文献
17.
Drawing upon research on the visual complexity effect and Dual Coding Theory, this study investigated a) the effects of character properties on, and b) the contribution of individual learner differences to Chinese character acquisition. Participants included 325 Chinese-speaking children in grades 1 through 3 in China. Using a novel character acquisition task, the study extended the scope of previous research by investigating the process of acquiring the meaning of new characters. Results showed that for all three grade-groups, a) characters with radicals and with less visual complexity were easier to acquire than characters without radicals and with greater visual complexity; and b) the effect of radical presence was more pronounced with characters with greater visual complexity. Visual analogical skill made a significant contribution to the acquisition of characters varying in properties, regardless of age. The contribution of radical awareness, however, varied with character properties and age. 相似文献
18.
陈子骄 《大连教育学院学报》2008,24(3):63-64
汉字教学应针对汉字的特点以及西方人的认知特点展开。要让学生认清拼音文字与汉字是两种不同体系的文字,从汉字具备表音符号的特点出发解决汉字的认读问题,教授汉字具体方法为“笔画入手,以一带多,偏旁拓展,触类旁通”。 相似文献
19.
The variation theory of Ference Marton and his collaborators has widely been used as a framework for explaining what can possibly be learned in a particular classroom and what cannot. This paper reports on an experiment that put this theory to test in the context of students’ learning of the orthographic structures of Chinese characters. The experiment was carried out in the classrooms of two primary schools in Hong Kong. In each of the schools, two classes of students were taught differently, as informed by the theory, about the significance of the location of a component in the orthographic structure of a character in relation to whether the component provided a clue to the meaning of the character (called the part–part relations). The results of the experiment are consistent with the prediction of the theory that those students who were given the possibility to experience variation in the locations of components in the orthographic structures significantly outperformed those who were not. The results of the experiment demonstrate the power of the theory in guiding the design of teaching that affords students’ learning to happen. 相似文献
20.
We investigated the effects of metalinguistic awareness and the internal structure of Chinese characters on children's incidental learning of word meanings while reading. The participants were 241 Taiwanese children from six fourth-grade classes. They were randomly assigned to read one of two texts, and then their knowledge of unfamiliar characters from both texts was assessed. Two kinds of factors that might influence incidental learning of character meanings were examined: features of the unfamiliar characters (radical helpfulness, phonetic regularity, and contextual support) and child characteristics (radical awareness, phonetic awareness, general vocabulary, and prior knowledge of target characters). Results showed that children could incidentally learn characters during normal reading. Children who had more radical or phonetic awareness knew more characters, especially when the character contained a radical that gave a clue to meaning. However, contrary to expectation, radical helpfulness and phonetic regularity did not contribute to character learning. Characters were easier to learn when contextual support was strong. Copyright 2001 Academic Press. 相似文献