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1.
运用文献资料、录像观察、三段指标等方法,对李晓霞、刘诗雯在直通鹿特丹乒乓球女单半决赛中各项技战术进行统计,分析他们在发球抢攻段、接发球抢攻段和相持段的技战术运用特点,找出其优势和不足,为进一步提高我国女子乒乓球运动员的技战术水平提供参考. 相似文献
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运用录像观察统计法、数理统计法和乒乓球“三段评估”等方法,对马琳在北京奥运会（有机时代）和横滨世锦赛（无机时代）的6场重大比赛录像视频进行技战术统计,从微观上分析和比较马琳“有机时代”“无机时代”在发抢段、接抢段、相持段技战术运用效果,为其在“无机时代”进行针对性训练和在比赛中有效运用技战术提供参考依据。 相似文献
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运用录像观察法、数理统计法和乒乓球＂三段评估＂法等对张怡宁和郭跃近年来6场重大比赛的录像视频进行技战术统计,从微观上比较和分析张怡宁、郭跃在发抢段、接抢断和相持段技战术实力、运用效果以及在尾局对战机球处理的能力,力图为其在今后的训练和比赛中有效运用技战术提供依据。 相似文献
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张红玲 《武汉体育学院学报》2010,44(4):44
运用文献资料法、数理统计法、录像观察法以及评球技战术三段指标评估对4名运动员的技战术进行分析.研究对象为:李晓霞、刘诗雯、丁宁、姚彦4名优秀乒乓球运动员.结果显示,她们在技术上各有特点和不足之处.随着世界乒乓球运动员整体实力的提高,我们要重新审视其技战术特点,制定出相应的策略. 相似文献
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本文运用录像观察法、数理统计法对我国优秀运动员丁宁、郭跃在比赛中发抢段的技战术运用情况进行分析,为中国乒乓球运动员今后的训练提供参考。 相似文献
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通过对2008年北京奥运会乒乓球男子单打决赛录像的观察与统计,运用文献资料、录像观察、三段指标法等方法对马琳在比赛发抢段、接抢段和相持段的技、战术特点进行分析与研究。研究发现：马琳发抢段占据的优势不明显,相持段的使用率最高,得分主要来自于相持段。马琳在比赛中的技战术合理运用是赢得比赛的决定因素。 相似文献
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郭德兵 《体育科技文献通报》2012,20(10):44-46
运用文献资料法、数理统计法、专家访谈法、录像观察法、乒乓球技战术三段指标评估等方法,对我国优秀乒乓球运动员丁宁对阵韩国削球选手金景娥的比赛录像视频进行了技战术效果的统计分析。结果显示：丁宁在发球抢和接发球抢攻段中技战术运用效果欠佳,主要表现在三、五板和二、四板球的衔接不够流畅;在相持段中整体的技战术运用的较为灵活、多样,并取得了良好的效果,但在处理对搓的过渡球及多回合的相持球上耐心和信心都有待提高。 相似文献
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文章采用文献资料、录像观察、三段指标等方法,对2012年伦敦奥运会乒乓球女子单打决赛、半决赛中丁宁在发抢、接抢及相持段的技战术运用情况进行分析研究,以期为丁宁及中国乒乓球队日后的训练和比赛提供参考依据。 相似文献
11.
Bradley PS Carling C Archer D Roberts J Dodds A Di Mascio M Paul D Diaz AG Peart D Krustrup P 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(8):821-830
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of playing formation on high-intensity running and technical performance during elite soccer matches. Twenty English FA Premier League games were analysed using a multiple-camera computerized tracking system (n = 153 players). Overall ball possession did not differ (P < 0.05) between 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations (50%, s = 7 vs. 49%, s = 8 vs. 44%, s = 6). No differences were observed in high-intensity running between 4-4-2, 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations. Compared with 4-4-2 and 4-3-3 formations, players in a 4-5-1 formation performed less very high-intensity running when their team was in possession (312 m, s = 196 vs. 433 m, s = 261 vs. 410 m, s = 270; P 5 0.05) but more when their team was not in possession (547 m, s = 217 vs. 461 m, s = 156 vs. 459 m, s = 169; P < 0.05). Attackers in a 4-3-3 performed ~30% more (P < 0.05) high-intensity running than attackers in 4-4-2 and 4-5-1 formations. However, the fraction of successful passes was highest in a 4-4-2 (P < 0.05) compared with 4-3-3 and 4-5-1 formations. The results suggest that playing formation does not influence the overall activity profiles of players, except for attackers, but impacts on very high-intensity running activity with and without ball possession and some technical elements of performance. 相似文献
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陈学东 《体育科技文献通报》2014,(12):73-74
通过对近年来国际足坛各种比赛情况的观察和统计,4-4-2阵型和4-5-1阵型成为当今世界足球比赛中运用最多的阵型,两种阵型的广泛应用,体现出现代足球的发展理念和发展趋势。本文根据4-4-2阵型和4-5-1阵型在后卫线、前卫线和前锋线战术打法的对比,揭示两种阵型的技战术特点,分析现代足球比赛的攻守特征。 相似文献
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The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity. 相似文献
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R.M. Malina M. E. Peña Reyes J. C. Eisenmann L. Horta J. Rodrigues R. Miller 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(9):685-693
Height, mass and skeletal maturity (Fels method) were assessed in 135 elite youth soccer players aged 10.7-16.5 years (only two boys were ?11.0 years). Sample sizes, years of training and current weekly training volume by two-year age groups were: 11-12 years ( n = 63), 2.6 - 1.0 years and 4.1 - 1.7 h; 13-14 years ( n = 29), 3.1 - 1.6 years and 4.5 - 1.7 h; 15-16 years ( n = 43), 4.7 - 2.4 years and 6.1 - 2.0 h. The oldest age group included membersof the national youth team.Heights and masses were compared to US reference values,and skeletal age and chronological age were contrasted. The players were also classified as late, average ('on time') and early maturers on the basis of differences between skeletal and chronological age, with the average category including boys with skeletal ages within - 1 year of chronological age. The mean heights and masses of 11- to 12-year-old soccer players equalled the US reference values, while those of players aged 13-14 and 15-16 years were slightly above the reference values. The mean skeletal age approximated mean chronological age in players aged 11-12 years (12.4 - 1.3 and 12.3 - 0.5 years, respectively), while mean skeletal age was in advance of mean chronological age in the two older groups (14.3 - 1.2 and 13.6 - 0.7 years, respectively, in 13- to 14-year-olds; 16.7 - 1.0 and 15.8 - 0.4 years, respectively, in 15- to 16-year-olds). Seven boys in the oldest age group were already skeletally mature and were not included when calculating differences between skeletal and chronological age. The proportion of late maturing boys in this sample of elite soccer players decreased with increasing chronological age. Among 11- to 12-year-old players, the percentages of late and early maturing boys were equal at 21% ( n = 13). Among 13- to 14-year-old players, the percentages of late and early maturing boys were 7% ( n = 2) and 38% ( n = 11) respectively, while among players aged 15-16 years the percentages of late and early maturing boys were 2% ( n = 1) and 65% ( n = 28) respectively. The results of this comparative analysis suggest that the sport of soccer systematically excludes late maturing boys and favours average and early maturing boys as chronological age and sport specialization increase. It is also possible that late maturing boys selectively drop-out of soccer as age and sport specialization increase. 相似文献
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目的:通过Meta分析,评价运动对成人代谢综合征患者心血管危险因素的影响效果。方法:检索PubMed、EMBASE、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方、中国生物医学等数据库,严格按照纳入与排除标准选取文献,提取数据,进行质量评价,在Review Manager5.3软件上进行统计分析。结果:纳入文献共计10篇,包含15个RCT,合计476名患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,有氧运动能够显著改善代谢综合征患者的腰围MD=-2.07(-3.24,-0.90)(P=0.005)、空腹血糖MD=-0.14(-0.26,-0.03)(P=0.02)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇MD=2.03(0.12,3.94)(P=0.04)、甘油三酯MD=-17.60(-34.76,-0.44)(P=0.04)、总胆固醇MD=-9.38(-16.25,-2.51)(P=0.007)、收缩压MD=-7.18(-10.81,-3.55)(P=0.0001)、舒张压MD=-2.93(-4.48,-1.37)(P=0.0002)以及峰值耗氧量MD=2.44(0.91,3.98)(P=0.0002);而抗阻训练或抗阻结合低强度有氧运动仅对代谢综合征患者的收缩压MD=-8.81(-14.98,-2.63)(P=0.005)、体脂量MD=-3.06(-4.70,-1.42)(P=0.0002)有显著影响。有氧运动和抗阻训练或抗阻训练结合低强度有氧运动均未对体重及身体质量指数有显著作用。结论:有氧运动是成人代谢综合征患者改善其心血管危险因素的最佳运动模式,对腰围、空腹血糖、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压以及峰值耗氧量的改善均有显著优势,能有效降低心血管疾病的发病风险;而抗阻训练或抗阻训练结合低强度有氧运动只降低了收缩压和体脂量。 相似文献
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低氧诱导因子-1作为低氧诱导的转录因子，通过对低氧反应基因的转录调控，在分子水平上介导了细胞乃至器官系统对低氧的反应。本文就低氧诱导因子-1在高住低训中的表达作一综述，旨在说明低氧诱导因子-1在高住低训中的重要作用。 相似文献
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Nine male student games players consumed either flavoured water (0.1 g carbohydrate, Na+ 6 mmol x l(-1)), a solution containing 6.5% carbohydrate-electrolytes (6.5 g carbohydrate, Na+ 21 mmol x l(-1)) or a taste placebo (Na+ 2 mmol x l(-1)) during an intermittent shuttle test performed on three separate occasions at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C (dry bulb). The test involved five 15-min sets of repeated cycles of walking and variable speed running, each separated by a 4-min rest (part A of the test), followed by 60 s run/60 s rest until exhaustion (part B of the test). The participants drank 6.5 ml x kg(-1) of fluid as a bolus just before exercise and thereafter 4.5 ml x kg(-1) during every exercise set and rest period (19 min). There was a trial order effect. The total distance completed by the participants was greater in trial 3 (8441 +/- 873 m) than in trial 1 (6839 +/- 512, P < 0.05). This represented a 19% improvement in exercise capacity. However, the trials were performed in a random counterbalanced order and the participants completed 8634 +/- 653 m, 7786 +/- 741 m and 7099 +/- 647 m in the flavoured water (FW), placebo (P) and carbohydrate-electrolyte (CE) trials, respectively (P = 0.08). Sprint performance was not different between the trials but was impaired over time (FW vs P vs CE: set 1, 2.41 +/- 0.02 vs 2.39 +/- 0.03 vs 2.39 +/- 0.03 s; end set, 2.46 +/- 0.03 vs 2.47 +/- 0.03 vs 2.47 +/- 0.02 s; main effect time, P < 0.01). The rate of rise in rectal temperature was greater in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial (rise in rectal temperature/duration of trial, degrees C x h(-1); FW vs CE, P < 0.05; P vs CE, N.S.). Blood glucose concentrations were higher in the carbohydrate-electrolyte than in the other two trials (FW vs P vs CE:rest, 4.4 +/- 0.1 vs 4.3 +/- 0.1 vs 4.2 +/- 0.1 mmol x l(-1); end of exercise, 5.4 +/- 0.3 vs 6.4 +/- 0.6 vs 7.2 +/- 0.5 mmol x l(-1); main effect trial, P < 0.05; main effect time, P < 0.01). Plasma free fatty acid concentrations at the end of exercise were lower in the carbohydrate-electrolyte trial than in the other two trials (FW vs P vs CE: 0.57 +/- 0.08 vs 0.53 +/- 0.11 vs 0.29 +/- 0.04 mmol x l(-1); interaction, P < 0.01). The correlation between the rate of rise in rectal temperature (degrees C x h(-1)) and the distance completed was -0.91, -0.92 and -0.96 in the flavoured water, placebo and carbohydrate-electrolyte conditions, respectively (P < 0.01). Heart rate, blood pressure, plasma ammonia, blood lactate, plasma volume and rate of perceived exertion were not different between the three fluid trials. Although drinking the carbohydrate-electrolyte solution induced greater metabolic changes than the flavoured water and placebo solutions, it is unlikely that in these unacclimated males carbohydrate availability was a limiting factor in the performance of intermittent running in hot environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Diefenthaeler F Coyle EF Bini RR Carpes FP Vaz MA 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2012,11(1):10-19
The purpose of this study was to analyze pedaling cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion. Fourteen triathletes were assessed at the power output level relative to their maximal oxygen uptake (355 +/- 23 W). Cadence, pedal forces, and muscle activation were analyzed during start, middle, and end test stages. Normal and tangential forces increased from the start to the end of the test (-288 +/- 33 to -352 +/- 42 N and -79 +/- 45 to -124 +/- 68 N, respectively) accompanied by a decrease in cadence (96 +/- 5 to 86 +/- 6 rpm). Muscle activation increased from the start to the middle and the end in the gluteus maximus (27 +/- 5.5% and 76 +/- 9.3%) and in the vastus lateralis (13 +/- 3.5% and 27 +/- 4.4%), similar increase was observed from the start to the end in the rectus femoris and the vastus medialis (50 +/- 9.3% and 20 +/- 5.7%, respectively). Greater normal force along with enhanced activation of knee and hip extensor muscles is linked with fatigue and declines in cadence of triathletes during cycling to exhaustion. 相似文献
19.
Naoyuki Ebine Hoby Hasina Rafamantanantsoa Youichirou Nayuki Kunio Yamanaka Kouzou Tashima Takeshi Ono 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(5):391-397
To determine the daily energy requirements of professional soccer players during a competitive season, we measured total energy expenditure in seven players (age 22.1 - 1.9 years, height 1.75 - 0.05 m, mass 69.8 - 4.7 kg; mean - s ) using the doubly labelled water method. Energy intake was simultaneously estimated from 7 day self-report dietary records. Mean total energy expenditure and energy intake were 14.8 - 1.7 MJ · day -1 (3532 - 408 kcal· day -1 ) and 13.0 - 2.4 MJ · day -1 (3113 - 581 kcal· day -1 ), respectively. Although there was a significant difference between total energy expenditure and energy intake ( P ? 0.01), there was a strong relationship between the two ( r = 0.893, P ? 0.01). Basal metabolic rate and recommended energy allowance calculated from the Recommended Dietary Allowances for the Japanese were 7.0 - 0.3 MJ ·day -1 (1683 - 81 kcal· day -1 ) and 15.6 - 0.8 MJ · day -1 (3739 - 180 kcal· day -1 ), respectively. A physical activity level (total energy expenditure/ basal metabolic rate) of 2.11 - 0.30 indicated that, during the competitive season, professional soccer players undertake much routine physical activity, similar to that of competitive athletes during moderate training. Energy intake estimated using dietary records was under-reported, suggesting that its calculation from these data does not predict energy expenditure in soccer players. 相似文献
20.
Fatigue represents a reduction in the capability of muscle to generate force. The aim of the present study was to establish the effects of exercise that simulates the work rate of competitive soccer players on the strength of the knee extensors and knee flexors. Thirteen amateur soccer players (age 23.3+/-3.9 years, height 1.78+/-0.05 m, body mass 74.8+/-3.6 kg; mean+/-s) were tested during the 2000-2001 soccer season. Muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer. A 90 min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol, incorporating a 15 min half-time intermission, was developed to provide fatiguing exercise corresponding in work rate to a game of soccer. The exercise protocol, performed on a programmable motorized treadmill, consisted of the different intensities observed during soccer match-play (e.g. walking, jogging, running, sprinting). Muscle strength was assessed before exercise, at half-time and immediately after exercise. A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed significant reductions (P < 0.001) in peak torque for both the quadriceps and hamstrings at all angular velocities (concentric: 1.05, 2.09, 5.23 rad x s(-1); eccentric: 2.09 rad x s(-1)). The peak torque of the knee extensors (KE) and knee flexors (KF) was greater before exercise [KE: 232+/-37, 182+/-34, 129+/-27, 219+/-41 N x m at 1.05, 2.09 and 5.23 rad x s(-1) (concentric) and 2.09 rad x s(-1) (eccentric), respectively; KF: 126+/-20, 112+/-19, 101+/-16, 137+/-23 N x m] than at half-time (KE: 209+/-45, 177+/-35, 125+/-36, 214+/-43 N x m; KF: 114+/-31, 102+/-20, 92+/-15, 125+/-25 N x m) and greater at half-time than after exercise (KE: 196+/-43, 167+/-35, 118+/-24, 204+/-43 N x m; KF: 104+/-25, 95+/-21, 87+/-13, 114+/-27 N x m). For the hamstrings:quadriceps ratio, significant changes were found (P < 0.05) for both legs, the ratio being greater before than after exercise. For fast:slow speed and left:right ratios, no significant changes were found. We conclude that there is a progressive reduction in muscle strength that applies across a range of functional characteristics during exercise that mimics the work rate in soccer. 相似文献