共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Gail Craswell 《高等教育研究与发展》2007,26(4):377-391
The pressure being placed on universities to deliver skills training for the workplace has generated considerable debate. This paper deconstructs the broader employability discourse in which the debate is embedded in order to draw out its formative implications for skills training during candidature. The paper argues against erection of a deficiency model in the context of skills training of higher degree research (HDR) students, and that the employability discourse is essentially reductive. It obscures whole areas of HDR knowledge production, thus skewing skills training towards the perceived needs of science students; the significant contribution made by research education developers to skills training of HDR students; and employer responsibility for workplace skills training. Notions of skills transferability, best practice and embedding are all shown to be problematic in that they lack discriminative power. Finally, the paper demonstrates that HDR students do value skills training at the institutional level despite prevailing uncertainty. 相似文献
2.
李栋 《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2007,(6):16-18
高职装潢艺术设计专业必须适应社会经济发展和专业教育特征的需要,把学生实践技能的培养作为人才培养的根本任务。课程设置要把握社会对人才的要求,处理好专业技能培养和理论知识传授的关系,根据实际工作岗位的需要和突出专业技术应用能力培养为主线,加强师资队伍建设,坚持产学研结合。使专业培养方向与毕业生必需的专业业务规格能力及素质结构相结合。 相似文献
3.
Rachel Andriatsitohaina Muthoni 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2017,23(1):23-37
Purpose: This study determined the extent to which transfer of training among trainees from national partners of an international bean research network in Africa was perceived to have taken place; including determining the factors that predicted transfer of training back to the job. Methodology/approach: Online data collection using the Learning Transfer Systems Inventory (LTSI) from 139 respondents was made and analyzed using bivariate correlations and hierarchical multiple regression. Findings: An average of 75% of the training skills were perceived as transferred. ‘Personal capacity’ significantly predicted transfer, while ‘motivation to transfer’, ‘transfer design’, ‘supervisor’, and ‘peer support’ positively correlated with training transfer. Theoretical implications: The LTSI factors remain relevant explanations for training transfer with in African agricultural research and development organizations. Certain work environments are likely to have new factors such as ‘Supervisor and peer’ support which operated as one explanatory factor for training transfer, revealed the closeness of supervisors and peers in agricultural research and development settings. Practical implications: The international agricultural research network needs to consider the trainees’ ability to transfer new training given workload-related hindrances. Originality/value: The applicability of the LTSI for international agencies that conduct training for agricultural research and development in Africa has been tested. Such institutions need policies that enhance trainee capacity to transfer training to the work place. 相似文献
4.
Farida Kurniawati Anke A. De Boer A.E.M.G. Minnaert Frieda Mangunsong 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):310-326
Background: The implementation of inclusive education creates challenges for classroom teachers who have to meet the learning needs of students with and without special educational needs (SEN). Research has revealed that teachers’ readiness and willingness to accommodate the learning needs of students with SEN was determined by their training. Though much research on teacher training and inclusive education has been conducted over two decades, less is known about the adequacy of such training in terms of components and effectiveness.Purpose: The purpose of this review is to present a focused analysis of: (1) studies that examined, in detail, the components of teacher training programmes for pre-service or in-service teachers in regular primary schools in terms of content, length, etc., and (2) consideration of the effectiveness of these training programmes.Design and methods: The literature review was restricted to empirical studies published in international peer-reviewed journals after 1994 (i.e. since the Salamanca statement was signed) by using the electronic browser ‘EBSCO host Complete’. After applying the keywords ‘teacher’ and ‘educator’, they were combined with the following terms: training, disabilities, inclusion, inclusive education, impairment, special educational needs, children with special needs and disorder. The search was deliberately restricted to papers where study participants were pre-service or in-service teachers in regular primary schools, and ultimately yielded a small core of 13 studies for detailed review. The first research question was analysed in terms of the training programme’s structure and content, covering aspects such as type of disability, topic, length, medium of course delivery and learning activities. For the second research question, the effectiveness of the quantitative studies was evaluated based on the Cohen’s d effect size, whereas the qualitative studies were considered as effective based on the calculation of percentage of non-overlapping data (PND).Conclusions: Analysis indicated that the majority of training programmes focused on attitude, knowledge and skills. The training programmes were also centred on what might be considered short-term practice and supplemented with field experiences. Although the training programmes appeared to have positive effects on teachers’ attitudes, knowledge and skills, follow-up sessions and students’ outcomes measures may increase training effectiveness. 相似文献
5.
Teaching and Learning confined to within the four walls of a classroom or even online Learning through Massive Online Courses (MOOCs) and other Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS) are no longer seen as the optimal approach for competency and skills development, especially for working professionals. Each of these busy learners have their own training needs and prior knowledge. Adopting the one-size-fits-all teaching approach is definitely not effective, motivating and encouraging. For some learners, the content might be too easy and for others, it might be too difficult. This is why this research presents the use of SMART Learning Environment that makes use of Intelligent Techniques to personalise the learning materials for each learner. This mismatch in skills is becoming a pressing issue and is having a direct impact on the ICT Sector, which is one of the pillars of the Mauritian Economy. This research, therefore, besides proposing a novel approach to learning, also attempts to address an issue of national importance. Data was collected during three phases, namely an Expert Reference Group Discussion, a pre-test questionnaire and a survey questionnaire. The Expert Reference Group Discussion was carried out to further understand the training needs and expectations of Cybersecurity professionals in Mauritius. A SMART Learning Environment making use of Artificial Neural Networks and Backpropagation Algorithm to personalise learning materials was eventually designed and implemented. The major findings of this research were that personalisation of learning materials through the use of a SMART Learning Environment can be used to address the training needs of Cybersecurity professionals in Mauritius.
相似文献6.
沟通是文秘人员一项重要的职业技能,而高职文秘专业核心课程《秘书实务》应当结合专业人才的需求对实训环节进行设计,走阶段与模块化的实训创新之路,从实训设计、企业需求和学生专业技能等方面,探索提升高职文秘专业人才沟通技能新思路。 相似文献
7.
8.
教育技术能力是高校教师开展教育教学必需具有的一种能力.对某一工科为主、多学科协调发展的高校新进教师教育技术能力进行调研,采用问卷调查法、访谈法和课堂观察法,从责任与意识、知识与技能、设计与实施、教学评价、科研与创新和学习需求等方面收集数据,总结了新进教师的培训需求,并提出了开展教育技术培训的建议,以期为新进教师这一群体制定更加科学合理的教育技术培训方案,促进教师专业发展. 相似文献
9.
As job security declines and precarious employment arrangements become more prevalent, transferable skills have become vital for job seeking success. In recognition of this issue, many governments are seeking to redesign their training systems in ways that transferable skills become better emphasised. This paper examines the challenges of developing transferable skills among a nation’s workforce and the tensions that can emerge between training design intentions and training delivery outcomes when training delivery is marketised. Australia, where incremental training sector reforms have occurred since the late 1980s, serves as the context for this study. While training design occurs through a tripartite process involving employer, government and union representatives, training delivery is now determined in an open, deregulated market environment. Our analysis reveals a complex underlying design with an in-built intention of developing widely transferable skills, yet there exists significant concern about the actual training outcomes. We conclude that in an environment where VET delivery is user-choice driven with the aim of fulfilling specific employer skills needs the quality, depth and breadth of transferable skills are compromised. 相似文献
10.
Jane Hur 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1997,44(2):147-162
A computerised search was conducted in May 1995. PsycLit and Eric databases (1974‐1995 and 1965‐1995, respectively) were consulted. A total of 27 references were listed under the topic of Parent Training Program for Parents with Intellectual Disability. However, the results of the review indicated that only one reference was pertinent which was on basic child care skills training for mothers with mean IQ 74 and the mothers who were regarded as having provided neglectful child care. Through personal communication, 10 studies on parent training programs for parents with intellectual disability were obtained and also reviewed. Eight studies applied single‐subject design; two used quantitative methods; one used both single subject design and statistical analysis. Among the 10 studies, one was basic child‐care skills training, two were decision‐making in child rearing; five of them were safety and related topics, and three were concerned with mother‐child interaction. A total of four studies included mothers with normal IQ as a comparison or to serve as a norm. As a whole, research in parent training programs for parents with intellectual disability is still in its infancy. Much more work needs to be done in the area of basic child care skills, comparative studies, identifying situational and subject characteristics for the best outcome of training, and programming to facilitate generalisation. 相似文献
11.
Graduate Teaching Assistants (TAs) need effective, appropriate professional development opportunities that offer both meaningful
foundations and strategically useful tools for their teaching. This study examined and explored the perceptions of TAs with
regard to the nature, content, and design characteristics of training and development for teaching in the research university.
A group of 210 graduate teaching assistants at a research university reported their perceptions of a range of design elements
of training sessions and activities. TAs perceived that training contributed to their learning and development, promoting
skills and strategies helpful for their teaching. More focused, strategic sessions received higher overall scores than more
general foundational sessions, though strategic sessions were grounded in the more foundational ones. Design features that
TAs reported most significantly contributed to their development were: expertise of speakers, structural design of events,
and quality of support materials. Eighty percent of TAs reported intentions to continue learning about instructional theory
and practice. Findings include consistency with some previous research-based principles of training and development, but also
raise new questions regarding TAs’ needs and how to address them. 相似文献
12.
Dietrich Darr Jürgen Pretzsch 《The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension》2013,19(3):231-248
Abstract Purpose: Training transfer has been examined for formal industrial and service organizations in developed countries but rarely for rural organizations in sub-Saharan Africa. This study sought to identify transfer system factors that best explain the transfer of governance-facilitation skills provided to leaders of farmers' marketing organizations (FMOs) in Uganda. Design/methodology/approach: Face to face interviews using interview schedules containing selected elements of the Learning Transfer System Inventory were conducted with 99 FMO leaders to collect data on the factors that could affect transfer of governance-facilitation skills. Findings: Hierarchical regression revealed that personal capacity to transfer, transfer design, supervisor support and feedback on performance were significant predictors of perceived transfer of governance-facilitation skills. Practical implications: Results point to the need for extension organizations that work with rural farmers' organizations to design effective training methods and transfer approaches that enhance training transfer, as well as promote leadership that values and supports training transfer to FMOs. Originality/value: The focus on member owned, participatorily run rural farmers' organizations to test factors affecting transfer of critical skills adds value to the training transfer discourse. Additionally, the role of trainee characteristics, transfer design and work environment factors in enhancing training transfer within developing country local organizations in rural Africa is confirmed. 相似文献
13.
Brenda M. Stoesz Shahin Shooshtari Janine Montgomery Toby Martin Dustin J. Heinrichs Joyce Douglas 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2016,16(3):199-214
Members of a knowledge translation and exchange (KTE) research team assessed the training needs of the teaching staff at a school for individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDD). In response to this need, KTE researchers retrieved peer‐reviewed articles for training staff working with individuals with IDD who exhibit challenging behaviours. These articles were categorised according to the following training content: (1) interventions designed to reduce the frequency of challenging behaviours; (2) appropriate ways to manage challenging behaviours in the moment to promote safety for all parties and/or to terminate the ongoing behaviour; and/or (3) procedures or perspectives relevant to coping with or ameliorating the negative impacts of challenging behaviours on staff. We then examined the training methods (teaching strategies, training duration) involved in teaching the content and assessed the effectiveness of these programmes. Overall, we found that effective training programmes consisted of workshops, practica and feedback on specific skill performance. Some forms of brief training were effective for increasing staffs' knowledge/skills and reducing the frequency of challenging behaviour. 相似文献
14.
Rosemary Butt 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(2):207-219
Research has shown that teaching assistants (TAs) working in mainstream classrooms with special needs students in Australia are being required to perform quite complex tasks such as curriculum modification and differentiation yet they are not required to have any formal qualifications nor training in these tasks. In the United Kingdom, TAs are not required to have any formal qualifications, while TAs employed in the USA are required to hold a two-year post-secondary degree or have obtained an associate’s or higher degree. Initial research was undertaken in Stage 1 to identify the roles and responsibilities, skills and training needs of TAs working with special needs students in one school in Canberra, Australia. Information was obtained through separate focus group interviews conducted with class teachers and TAs. Stage 2 involved the design and implementation of five skills-based training modules developed to respond to needs identified in Stage 1. In Stage 3, interviews were conducted with the TAs to determine the effect the training had on their skills and their ability to assist both the class teachers and the students whom they support. Results from the study indicate that there exists role confusion as well as a different emphasis and perception by class teachers and TAs of the skills required to perform in the role of a TA. Results also indicated that specifically targeted skills-based training benefited the TAs and the TAs perceived that this benefit flowed through to the class teachers and the students they support. 相似文献
15.
Donna Morrison 《Journal of Food Science Education》2012,11(4):52-58
Abstract: This research describes the outcome of a needs assessment to determine whether the Univ. of Guyana should introduce a Food Science program. The research design utilized interviews and questionnaires to large manufacturing organizations and agroprocessors to determine if the required skills are available for the manufacturing process. Results revealed that the lack of skills, particularly in food processing, is one factor that has negatively impacted value‐added production in large manufacturing companies; as well as in the micro, small and medium enterprises, limiting the range of products produced by these entities. Based on this, it was established that the university should introduce a program in food science and be the focus for formal training to satisfy the demands of the food manufacturing industry. 相似文献
16.
技能培训是职业培训学校更快更好发展的支柱课堂。只有大力提高技能培训质量,才能更好的培养出生产、服务、管理第一线需要的具有综合职业能力的高级技术应用型专门人才。在各类职工培训实训教学中,加强合理讲练的计划性,计划力求具体细致不能粗糙;讲究教法设计,教师充分备课,抓住重点要点,重视发挥学生的主体作用;关注学生个体差异,教学组织灵活多样;着眼于激励求知欲,激发发展巩固学习兴趣;提倡思考探索精神,调动学生学习积极性,全面提高操作技能。 相似文献
17.
王薇 《青海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2014,(2):134-135
本文就西部高等设计艺术教育技能培养所面临的问题逐一剖析,分析了影响西部高等设计艺术教育技能培养的诸多因素,提出了关于西部高等设计艺术教育技能培养的发展策略。 相似文献
18.
Pedro Jurado de los Santos 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2016,20(7):756-769
The work presented is part of a study that the research group CIFO (Research Team in Training for the Labour Market, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona) has carried out, relating to the training needs analysis and basic competences and skills in the environment of sheltered employment centres (SECs) in Catalonia (this study was undertaken in collaboration with the Coordination of Workshops for People with Mental Disabilities in Catalonia). The analysis and assessment of needs is useful from the perspective of training, as a starting point for planning adapted to the reality of disabled workers in SECs. To do this, various elements such as skills, knowledge and attitudes of individual and social nature have been considered from a systemic approach. By placing ourselves in clearly defined contexts (SECs), we bear in mind the characteristics of workers, the features of the job context, the types of activities performed, the skills related to work activities carried out, the definition of competence profiles required on the basis of the essential skills and the real training needs, through the characteristics of workers and those skills related to the labour activities that are performed as well as the needs for training perceived by workers. Identifying training needs in relation to basic skills and job requirements allows us to meet the challenge, as a trend that supports a competence basis for any worker, of raising general actions that may govern and underlie the training proposals, yet without undermining the specific competences. The importance acquired by what workers themselves have considered about their positioning is understood from the standpoint of its validity, so as to assume conclusions through triangulation processes. 相似文献
19.
20.
This study examined the effects of a computer‐assisted social skills intervention on the social competence of 73 students with a mild intellectual disability (age range: 11.0 to 15.0) within an experimental and control group design. The experimental group (N= 38) was trained with the I Found a Solution computer‐supported package while the control group (N= 35) worked on computer‐related keyboard and writing skills. The intervention consisted of the computer‐supported program and teacher‐guided work, small‐group discussions and transfer to actual real‐life conflicts. Each student was assessed before and after the training on: teacher‐rated social skills and disruptive behaviour, peer‐rated social acceptance, and self‐rated loneliness. A 2‐way MANOVA with repeated measures (grouping by gender, with pre/post training scores as the repeated measures) revealed that the experimental group increased their different measures of social competence, and the differences between them and the control group were significant following the intervention. However, no significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found in their loneliness experience. Implications for intervention and additional research are discussed. 相似文献