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1.
The present study investigates the differential effects of cooperative-learning with or without metacognitive instruction on lower and higher achievers' solutions of mathematical authentic tasks. Participants were 91 seventh graders who studied in three classrooms. Data were analyzed by using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results indicated that students who were exposed to the metacognitive instruction within cooperative learning (COOP+META) significantly outperformed their counterparts who were exposed to cooperative learning with no metacognitive instruction (COOP). The positive effects of COOP+META were observed on both authentic and standard tasks. In addition, the findings show the positive effects of COOP+META method on lower and higher achievers. The practical implications of the study are discussed.This revised version was published online in September 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

2.
The present study investigates the differential effects of cooperative learning with or without metacognitive instruction on making sense of graphs. Participants were 196 eighth-graders who studied in six classrooms. Data were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results indicated that students who were exposed to the metacognitive instruction within cooperative learning (COOP + META) significantly outperformed their counterparts who were exposed to cooperative learning with no metacognitive instruction (COOP). The positive effects of COOP + META were observed on both graph interpretation and graph construction (transfer task) with regard to alternative conceptions. Furthermore, observations indicated differential characteristics of discourse behaviors during small group interaction under these methods. The practical implications of the study are discussed.  相似文献   

3.
The study is aimed at investigating the effects of four learning methods on students’ scientific inquiry skills. The four learning methods are: (a) metacognitive‐guided inquiry within asynchronous learning networked technology (MINT); (b) an asynchronous learning network (ALN) with no metacognitive guidance; (c) metacognitive‐guided inquiry embedded within face‐to‐face (F2F) interaction; and (d) F2F interaction with no metacognitive guidance. The study examined general scientific ability and domain‐specific inquiry skills in microbiology. Participants were 407 10th‐grade students (15 years old). The MINT research group significantly outperformed all other research groups, and F2F (group d) acquired the lowest mean scores. No significant differences were found between research groups (b) and (c). MINT makes significant contributions to students’ achievements in designing experiments and drawing conclusions. The novel use of metacognitive training within an ALN environment demonstrates the advantage of enhancing the effects of ALN on students’ achievements in science.  相似文献   

4.
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the differential effects of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) and metacognitive training on mathematical reasoning. Participants were 83 students (boys and girls) who studied algebra in four eighth‐grade classrooms randomly selected to four instructional methods: CAS embedded within metacognitive training (CAS +META), metacognitive training without CAS learning (META), CAS learning without metacognitive training (CAS) and CONT learning without CAS and metacognitive training (CONT). Results showed that the CAS +META condition significantly outperformed the META and the CAS conditions, who in turn significantly outperformed the CONT condition on aspects of mathematical reasoning. No significant differences were found between the META and CAS conditions. In addition, the study found that the metacognitive students (CAS +META and META conditions) outperformed their counterparts (CAS and CONT) on their metacognitive knowledge. This paper describes research whose main focus is the use of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) in mathematics classrooms and the didactical possibilities based on the IMPROVE method linked with its use.Les effets du système d'algèbre par informatique (CAS) sur une formation métacognitive en raisonnement mathématique. Le but principal de la présente étude était d'explorer les effets différentiels du CAS et d'une formation métacognitive en raisonnement mathématique. Les participants étaient 83 élèves (garçons et filles) qui étudiaient l'algèbre dans les classes (eighth-grade) choisies au hasard avec 4 méthodes d'instruction. CAS enchassés à l'intérieur d'une formation métacognitive (CAS +META) métacognitive sans CAS (META), apprentissage CAS sans formation métacognitive (CONT) et apprentissage sans CAS + formation métacognitive (CONT). Les résultats ont montré que la formule CAS + META a surpassé de façon significative les formules META + CAS qui a leur tour ont surpassé la formule CONT quant aux aspects du raisonnement mathématique. Il n'y a pas de différences entre les formules META et CAS. De plus l'étude a montré que les élèves soumis aux conditions CAS +META et META ont obtenu de meilleurs résultats que leurs condisciples (CAS et CONT) quant à leurs connaissances métacognitives cet article décrit des recherches dont le but principal est l'utilisation du CAS dans les classes de mathématiques et les possibilités didactiques fondées sur la méthode IMPROVE à son usage.Wirkungen des Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) mit metacognitivem Training auf mathematisches Denken. Der Hauptzweck der gegenwärtigen Studie war, die unterscheidenden Wirkungen des Computer Algebra Systeme (CAS) und der metacognitiven Ausbildung auf mathematische Überlegung zu untersuchen. Teilnehmer waren 83 Studenten (Jungen und Mädchen), die Algebra in vier zufällig ausgewählten Klassen der achten Stufe in vier Unterrichtsmethoden studierten: CAS eingebettet in metacognitive Ausbildung (CAS + Meta), metacognitive Ausbildung ohne CAS (Meta), CAS Lernen ohne metacognitive Ausbildung (CAS) und CONT Lernen ohne CAS und metacognitive Ausbildung (CONT). Die Ergebnisse zeigten dass die CAS + Meta-Bedingung die Meta- und die CAS Bedingungen signifikant übertraf, die wiederum die CONT Bedingung bedeutend in Bezug auf Aspekte mathematischen Denkens überflügelten. Keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede wurden Zwischen den Meta und CAS Versionen wurden keine bedeutsamen Unterschiede gefunden. Außerdem ergab die Studie, dass die Studenten der metacognitiv unterrichteten Gruppe (CAS + Meta- und Metabedingungen) ihre Pendants (CAS und CONT) in Bezug auf ihr metacognitives Wissen übertrafen. Dieses Papier beschreibt Forschung, deren Hauptfokus auf der Verwendung von Computer Algebra Systemen (CAS) in Mathematikklassen ist und die didaktischen Möglichkeiten, die auf der mit ihrer Verwendung verbundenen IMPROVE Methode basieren.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

This study examined learning strategy use in mathematics among East Asian students in East Asian educational systems. By employing latent class analysis on the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2012 data, we found four classes of learning strategy types, namely memorization with metacognitive strategies (17.49%), metacognitive strategies with memorization (50.70%), elaboration only (10.33%), and metacognitive strategies with elaboration (16.47%). The results showed that the majority of the students in all seven East Asian educational systems belonged to the ‘metacognitive strategies with memorization’ class, and most students adopted more than one type of learning strategy when learning mathematics. Additionally, students who reported the use of metacognitive strategies along with either memorization or elaboration showed higher mathematics achievement. We conclude that the cognitive processes employed by students of East Asian backgrounds are more complex and nuanced than the previous perception that they relied heavily on memorization.  相似文献   

6.
This study investigates the effects of metacognitive instruction in mathematics on low-achieving third to eighth grade students. The study was conducted in 18 classes in two elementary schools from the same district with a majority of Hispanic population. Students were randomly assigned to the 18 classes. Twelve of these classes were randomly assigned to the experimental group. One class per grade level was assigned to the control group. Results on learning outcomes showed significant effects favoring the experimental group independent of grade level. These results indicate that metacognitive instruction could be tailored to regular classrooms where the majority are low-achievers. Recommendations on how regular classroom teachers might implement the methods are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
ABSTRACT

This article reports on an intervention study into the effects of a training in the use of social and cognitive strategies on the learning outcomes of students in secondary mathematics education. Special attention is given to differential effects for high‐ and low‐achieving students. The focus on differential effects is derived from studies into learning in small co‐operative groups, and from the results of meta‐analyses into the effects of training in learning strategies. From these studies it can be concluded that in general such programs contribute to learning. However, it seems that low‐achieving students are unable to benefit from interventions of the kind investigated (i.e., co‐operative learning and training in learning strategies). The main question is whether it is possible to design an instructional program from which all students benefit, and from which the low‐achieving students profit more than their counterparts in the control‐program. In the present study three instructional programs for co‐operative learning were compared: (i) an experimental program with special instruction in the use of social strategies; (ii) an experimental program with special instruction in the use of cognitive strategies; and (iii) a control program without training in either cognitive or social strategies. The programs were identical with respect to mathematical content and general instructional settings (a combination of whole‐class instruction, working in co‐operative groups and individual work). The experiment addressed the following research question: what are the general and differential effects of a training in the use of social and cognitive strategies on the results of learning in secondary mathematics? The research was conducted in two schools for secondary education in a total of 21 classes, involving a total of 511 students. The design was a pretest‐posttest control group design, using two experimental groups and one control group. The data were analysed from a multi‐level perspective. The outcomes of the investigation clearly show the effects of the intervention. Teaching cognitive and social strategies has the expected, positive effects. In addition to this main effect, a compensatory effect for the low‐achieving students was found. The low‐achieving students in the experimental conditions outperformed their counterparts in the control group.

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8.
Abstract

Colleges typically group students homogeneously in classes by means of both admission requirements and course prerequisites, but when professors form cooperative learning groups within classes they generally use heterogeneous grouping. Authors compared heterogeneously and homogeneously grouped cooperative learning groups in six paired classes, taught by the same professor using matching syllabi and assignments. Overall, homogeneously grouped students (who were grouped based on achievement on the first test given in the course) significantly outperformed heterogeneously grouped students on the final examination. High- or average-achieving students particularly benefited from homogenous grouping. Low achievers did equally well in either type of group.  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of the present study is to examine the effects of IMPROVE, a meta-cognitive instructional method, on students' mathematical knowledge, mathematical reasoning and meta-cognition. Participants were 81 students who studied a pre-college course in mathematical. Students were randomly assigned into one of two groups and groups were randomly assigned into one of two conditions: IMPROVE vs. traditional instruction (the control group). Both groups were exposed to the same learning materials, solved exactly the same mathematical problems, and were taught by the same experienced teacher. The IMPROVE students were explicitly trained to activate meta-cognitive processes during the solution of mathematical problems. The control group was exposed to traditional instruction with no explicit exposure to meta-cognitive training. Results indicate that the IMPROVE students significantly outperformed their counterparts on both mathematical knowledge and mathematical reasoning. In addition, the IMPORVE students attained significantly higher scores then the control group on the three measures of meta-cognition: (a) general knowledge of cognition; (b) regulation of general cognition; and (c) domain-specific meta-cognitive knowledge. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed.  相似文献   

10.
In the present study, the role of metacognition in the context of integrated strategy intervention was examined. The integrated strategy training in reading comprehension, mathematics, and metacognition was carried out over a period of seven months with young 9–10-years-old, 3rd grade elementary school students with learning problems. A pretest-post test design with matched intervention and control groups was applied. Before the intervention, these students and all their classmates had been followed up through 1st to 3rd grade, and tested with multiple cognitive and metacognitive tasks each year. The results showed that early, 1st grade, cognitive-metacognitive differences were strongly associated with later problem solving and reading comprehension proficiency, thus confirming the importance of reading comprehension strategies and metacognition in mathematical problem solving. Further, marked training effects were found. The growth of metacognitive awareness, experiences and self-regulation were observed on the basis of behaviour analyses during the intervention and of post-intervention interviews. However, despite significant training effects, students who were resistant and those who were responsive to training were identified. The results showed that early metacognitive proficiency is closely associated with the responsiveness to training efforts. The nature of metacognitive experiences and the early teaching of metacognitive awareness and self-regulation are emphasised in the conclusions.  相似文献   

11.
In this quasiexperimental study, the authors investigated the effects of university within school partnership model, within which faculty members acted as teacher-researchers to improve fractional knowledge among middle school (Grades 5–8) students. Students in nine Grade 6 mathematics classes from two public middle schools in Turkey were assigned to two conditions: University within school model instruction and traditional instruction. Pre- and posttest data showed that the students exposed to instruction through the university within school partnership model significantly outperformed their traditional instruction peers on the fractions test. Results indicated that students made significant gains in fractional knowledge in the experimental classrooms and in different subgroup populations. It was suggested that a substantial amount of mathematical infusion through partnership could have a positive impact on middle school students' fractional knowledge. The educational implications of the study were also discussed.  相似文献   

12.
Research indicates that cooperative learning with teacher‐guided instruction is more effective in helping young children to learn than cooperative learning with minimal guidance. In the present study, two different cooperative learning activities (jigsaw and drama) and a control condition (a traditional teacher‐led approach) were compared. The participants were 279 Grade 5 Hong Kong students located in nine classrooms. The two experimental conditions emphasised teachers' cognitive support in helping students to understand a text through both teacher‐led and student‐led activities. Post‐test data included a reading comprehension test and three questionnaires that investigated students' goal orientations, initial level of relative autonomy and perceptions of instructional practices. Findings indicate that students in the jigsaw group outperformed students in both the drama group and the control group in the reading comprehension test. The implications of conducting cooperative learning activities with well‐planned teacher guidance are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The author examined whether mathematics instruction provided by kindergarten teachers is related to children's mathematics learning during the kindergarten year based on the children's socioeconomic status and race. Hierarchical linear modeling was employed using a large sample of kindergarten students to estimate relationships between the teacher's instructional approach (e.g., concrete-spatial, interpersonal, linguistic) and children's mathematics skills. Results showed that the teacher's instructional approach was selectively related to children's mathematics learning. Students in classrooms where teachers frequently employed a concrete-spatial instructional approach learned more during the kindergarten year. Students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds benefitted more from teachers who often employed an interpersonal approach, and Black/African American students benefitted less from classrooms where teachers relied more on a linguistic approach. The findings suggest that kindergarten teachers’ instruction needs to employ varied methods that take into account students’ mathematics skills and background characteristics.  相似文献   

14.
We developed a cognitive-emotional strategy training (CEST) intervention to teach fifth-grade students (N = 57) self-regulated learning strategies that can be used when confusion is experienced during mathematics problem solving in addition to strategies they can implement during learning to help solve them. Fifth-grade students were randomly assigned to the intervention condition or the control condition. A think-emote-aloud protocol was administered to capture self-regulatory processes and emotions as students solved a complex mathematics problem. Using an explanatory mixed methods design, results revealed that, compared to students in the control condition, students who received the intervention scored significantly higher on the mathematics problem, implemented more cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies across the four phases of self-regulated learning, expressed more positive emotions and fewer negative emotions, and were better able to regulate and resolve their confusion when it occurred. These results extend previous findings from the strategy instruction literature by incorporating consideration of the role of emotions during learning.  相似文献   

15.
After the effectiveness of self-regulation training outside school was demonstrated, a self-regulation intervention was developed to foster the learning achievement in regular math classes. Based on the theoretical framework of self-regulated learning, self-regulation training was integrated into a math class unit. The evaluation of the intervention concerning 53 sixth-grade students took place in a pretest/posttest-control-group design. One teacher taught one class (control group) merely mathematical topics and another class (experimental group) in the same subject combined with self-regulative strategies. The results revealed that it is possible to support self-regulation competencies and mathematical achievement by self-regulation interventin within regular mathematics lessons of 6th-grade students.  相似文献   

16.
The effects of training in self-regulation on metacognition and math achievement were investigated. The participants were 116 community college students enrolled in developmental math courses. Students enrolled in 16 classrooms were randomly assigned to the treatment and control groups. Participants in the treatment group completed four self-regulated learning (SRL) exercises based on Zimmerman’s (2002) cyclical model. The exercises were completed weekly and repeated for a total of 3 weeks. During the last week of class, participants completed a final exam to measure math achievement as well as the metacognitive self-regulation and time/study environment management scales on the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire ([MSLQ], Pintrich, Smith, Garcia, & McKeachie, 1991). There were significant differences between the two groups, indicating that training in SRL improved math achievement and metacognitive skills assessed on both MSLQ scales. The findings suggested that training in SRL improves math achievement, metacognitive self-regulation and time/study environmental management skills of students enrolled in developmental math courses.  相似文献   

17.
This study investigates algebraic reasoning and self-regulation skills among elementary school teachers who participated in a professional development program either with IMPROVE metacognitive questioning (PD + Meta) or with no metacognitive guidance (PD). Sixty-four Israeli teachers participated in a 3-year program designed to enhance mathematical knowledge. Results indicated that the PD + Meta teachers outperformed the PD teachers on various algebraic procedural and real-life tasks regarding conceptual mathematical explanations. In addition, the PD + Meta group outperformed the PD group in using self-monitoring and evaluation strategies in algebraic problem solving. We discuss educational and practical implications.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

The effect of teacher-student attunement on the academic performance of students with and without learning disabilities was examined. Each Grade 4 student (24 with learning disabilities and 24 without learning disabilities, but matched on age and gender) was systematically exposed to 2 teaching approaches—attuned vs. nonattuned (traditional) at different times using different academic contents (mathematics and social studies). Teaching transpired within 8 naturally occurring classrooms; students were given pre- and posttests to assess their learning. A manipulation check indicated that the attuned teaching resulted in significantly more teacher-student attunement than did the nonattuned condition. The attuned teaching condition significantly improved academic performance over nonattuned teaching. When exposed to attuned teaching, girls without learning disabilities exhibited significantly greater improvement than did girls with learning disabilities.  相似文献   

19.
This study addressed the question of how to increase students' competencies for regulating their co‐construction of knowledge when tackling complex collaborative learning tasks which are increasingly emphasized as a dimension of educational reform. An intervention stressing the metacognitive, regulatory, and strategic aspects of knowledge co‐construction, called Thinking Aloud Together, was embedded within a 12‐week science unit on building mental models of the nature of matter. Four classes of eighth graders received the intervention, and four served as control groups for quantitative analyses. In addition, the interactions of 24 students in eight focal groups were profiled qualitatively, and 12 of those students were interviewed twice. Students who received the intervention gained in metacognitive knowledge about collaborative reasoning and ability to articulate their collaborative reasoning processes in comparison to students in control classrooms, as hypothesized. However, the treatment and control students did not differ either in their abilities to apply their conceptual knowledge or in their on‐line collaborative reasoning behaviors in ways that were attributable to the intervention. Thus, there was a gap between students' metacognitive knowledge about collaborative cognition and their use of collaborative reasoning skills. Several reasons for this result are explored, as are patterns relating students' outcomes to their perspectives on learning science. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 36: 1085–1109, 1999.  相似文献   

20.
The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two types of cooperative learning groups used in reciprocal teaching (RT) classes (i.e. high-structured vs. low-structured groups) for enhancing students’ reading comprehension. The participants were 235 Hong Kong Chinese Grade 6 students in nine classes. Reading comprehension tests and questionnaires were used to investigate students’ reading comprehension, teachers’ cognitive support and perceptions of cooperative learning. The findings indicate that high achievers from the low-structured RT group significantly outperformed high achievers from the high-structured RT group in post-test reading comprehension, whereas low achievers from the high-structured RT group significantly outperformed low achievers from the low-structured RT group in follow-up reading comprehension. Students from the high-structured RT group reported higher scores for their perceptions of cooperative learning than students from the low-structured RT group.  相似文献   

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