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1.
In this study, we examined how students' levels of spatial visualization ability interact with learning physics in a microcomputer-based
laboratory (MBL) environment. Undergraduate students who had taken an introductory physics course based on MBL tools were
pre- and posttested at the beginning and at the end of the semester on spatial visualization ability and their conceptual
understanding of mechanics. The results showed that while spatial visualization is a reliable predictor for students' performance
on physics conceptual evaluation tests before MBL instruction, the relation is not significant after the instruction. Furthermore,
as a result of MBL instruction, students' levels of spatial visualization increased significantly. In addition, a group of
science teachers presented with different types of MBL activities also showed a significant increase in spatial visualization
ability. 相似文献
2.
Teachers' failure to use the microcomputer‐based laboratory (MBL) more widely may be a result of not recognizing its capacity to transform laboratory activities. This research aimed to increase understanding of how MBL activities designed to be consistent with a constructivist theory of learning support or constrain student construction of understanding. The first author conducted the research with his Year 11 physics class of 15 students. Dyads addressed 10 tasks in thermal physics using a predict–observe–explain format. Data sources included video and audio recordings of students and teacher during four 70‐minute sessions, students' computer data and written notes, semistructured student interviews, and the teacher's journal. Analysis of students' discourse identified many instances in which students' initial understandings of thermal physics were mediated in multiple ways by the screen display. The findings are presented as eight assertions. Recommendations are made for developing pedagogical strategies incorporating MBL activities that will likely catalyze student construction of understanding. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 165–185, 2004 相似文献
3.
Saouma B. BouJaoude Murad E. Jurdak 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2010,8(6):1019-1047
The purposes of this study were to understand the nature of discourse in terms of knowledge types and cognitive process, source
of utterances (student or teacher), and time use in microcomputer-based labs (MBL) and verification type labs (VTL) and to
gain an understanding of the role of MBL in promoting mathematization. The study was conducted in 2 grade 11 classes in which
students studied Hooke’s law and Newton’s second law of motion using MBL during 1 year while a different group of students
studied the same topics with the same physics teacher using a VTL approach. All sessions were videotaped, transcribed and
coded using a taxonomy developed by DeVito & Grotzer (2005). In addition, evidence to support each of the 5 steps of mathematization was sought from the actions of the teachers and
their discourse with the students. Results showed that conceptual knowledge type utterances were significantly more frequent
in MBL sessions, cognitive processes of remembering and understanding were significantly more frequent in the MBL sessions,
students spent most of their time analyzing the graphs in the MBL sessions, and MBL has a potential to promote mathematization
in favorable instructional environments in physics laboratory classes. 相似文献
4.
Language use in student laboratory groups makes apparent students' conceptions in science, their interpretation of the activity or task, and the negotiation of the roles of the members. This article reports on a methodological approach to analyze student discourse systematically. Four Grade 12 lab groups working on microcomputer-based laboratories (MBL) are the focus of the study. The MBL experiences were used to help students link oscillatory motion to graphical representations. Study of student discourse reveals the role the computer plays in the group context and the ways that this context is shaped by the computer. Developing a better understanding of the role of the computer in student conversations suggests ways to fruitfully construct contexts for learning physics. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
5.
Zosia A. C. Krusberg 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2007,16(5):401-411
Three emerging technologies in physics education are evaluated from the interdisciplinary perspective of cognitive science
and physics education research. The technologies—Physlet Physics, the Andes Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), and Microcomputer-Based
Laboratory (MBL) Tools—are assessed particularly in terms of their potential at promoting conceptual change, developing expert-like
problem-solving skills, and achieving the goals of the traditional physics laboratory. Pedagogical methods to maximize the
potential of each educational technology are suggested. 相似文献
6.
Russell David W. Lucas Keith B. McRobbie Campbell J. 《Research in Science Education》2003,33(2):217-243
Teachers' failure to utilise MBL activities more widely may be due to not recognising their capacity to transform the nature of laboratory activities to be more consistent with contemporary constructivist theories of learning. This research aimed to increase understanding of how MBL activities specifically designed to be consistent with a constructivist theory of learning support or constrain student construction of understanding. The first author conducted the research with his Year 11 physics class of 29 students. Dyads completed nine tasks relating to kinematics using a Predict-Observe-Explain format. Data sources included video and audio recordings of students and teacher during four 70-minute sessions, students' display graphs and written notes, semi-structured student interviews, and the teacher's journal. The study identifies the actors and describes the patterns of interactions in the MBL. Analysis of students' discourse and actions identified many instances where students' initial understanding of kinematics were mediated in multiple ways. Students invented numerous techniques for manipulating data in the service of their emerging understanding. The findings are presented as eight assertions. Recommendations are made for developing pedagogical strategies incorporating MBL activities which will likely catalyse student construction of understanding. 相似文献
7.
Jinlu Wu 《CBE life sciences education》2013,12(3):460-470
Laboratory education can play a vital role in developing a learner''s autonomy and scientific inquiry skills. In an innovative, mutation-based learning (MBL) approach, students were instructed to redesign a teacher-designed standard experimental protocol by a “mutation” method in a molecular genetics laboratory course. Students could choose to delete, add, reverse, or replace certain steps of the standard protocol to explore questions of interest to them in a given experimental scenario. They wrote experimental proposals to address their rationales and hypotheses for the “mutations”; conducted experiments in parallel, according to both standard and mutated protocols; and then compared and analyzed results to write individual lab reports. Various autonomy-supportive measures were provided in the entire experimental process. Analyses of student work and feedback suggest that students using the MBL approach 1) spend more time discussing experiments, 2) use more scientific inquiry skills, and 3) find the increased autonomy afforded by MBL more enjoyable than do students following regimented instructions in a conventional “cookbook”-style laboratory. Furthermore, the MBL approach does not incur an obvious increase in labor and financial costs, which makes it feasible for easy adaptation and implementation in a large class. 相似文献
8.
Anna T. Danielsson 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2014,9(2):477-494
This article explores how the doing of social class and gender can intersect with the learning of science, through case studies of two male, working-class university students’ constitutions of identities as physics students. In doing so, I challenge the taken-for-granted notion that male physics students have an unproblematic relation to their chosen discipline, and nuance the picture of how working-class students relate to higher education by the explicit focus on one disciplinary culture. Working from the perspective of situated learning theory, the interviews with the two male students were analysed for how they negotiated the practice of the physics student laboratory and their own classed and gendered participation in this practice. By drawing on the heterogeneity of the practice of physics the two students were able to use the practical and technological aspects of physics as a gateway into the discipline. However, this is not to say that their participation in physics was completely frictionless. The students were both engaged in a continuous negotiation of how skills they had learned to value in the background may or may not be compatible with the ones they perceived to be valued in the university physicist community. 相似文献
9.
10.
Ville Nivalainen Mervi A. Asikainen Kari Sormunen Pekka E. Hirvonen 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2010,21(4):393-409
Practical work in school science plays many essential roles that have been discussed in the literature. However, less attention
has been paid to how teachers learn the different roles of practical work and to the kind of challenges they face in their
learning during laboratory courses designed for teachers. In the present study we applied the principles of grounded theory
to frame a set of factors that seem to set major challenges concerning both successful work in the school physics laboratory
and also in the preparation of lessons that exploit practical work. The subject groups of the study were preservice and inservice
physics teachers who participated in a school laboratory course. Our results derived from a detailed analysis of tutoring
discussions between the instructor and the participants in the course, which revealed that the challenges in practical or
laboratory work consisted of the limitations of the laboratory facilities, an insufficient knowledge of physics, problems
in understanding instructional approaches, and the general organization of practical work. Based on these findings, we present
our recommendations on the preparation of preservice and inservice teachers for the more effective use of practical work in
school science and in school physics. 相似文献
11.
方钦玉 《福建教育学院学报》2013,(5):58-60
物理是一门以实验为基础的学科,学生需要透过实验,学习物理知识,掌握物理规律,因此加强高中物理实验室的建设和管理,对于促进教学质量的提高有很大帮助。目前高中物理实验室还存在设备不足,使用率较低;设备陈旧以及专业的实验教师不足等问题,我们可以通过加强物理实验室的建设和管理,采取一些必要的措施和方法,促进实验室的建设和规范实验室的管理工作,为物理课程教学服务。 相似文献
12.
Jari Lavonen Kalle Juuti Veijo Meisalo 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(12):1471-1487
In this study we analyse how the experiences of chemistry teachers on the use of a Microcomputer‐Based Laboratory (MBL), gathered by a Likert‐scale instrument, can be utilized to develop the new package Empirica 2000. We used exploratory factor analysis to identify the essential features in a large set of questionnaire data to see how our previous MBL package, Empirica for Windows 4.0, looks from the point of view of experienced chemistry teachers. Together, a six‐factor solution explained 50.1% of the common variance and indicated the teachers' perspective on the use of a MBL package in chemical education. The factors were: ‘Versatility of the tool’, ‘User interface’, ‘Data presentation’, ‘Data acquisition’, ‘Set up’, and ‘Usability’. Based on the data, some conclusions concerning the software development and desired new features in the prototype software are discussed in the framework of each factor. 相似文献
13.
Andy Buffler Saalih Allie Fred Lubben 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1137-1156
The ideas of first year university students about measurement in the physics laboratory are explored. Student responses to written probes administered at the beginning of the year are compared to those written after a 12 week laboratory course. The 'point' and 'set' paradigms are used as a model to analyse the responses to the probes. At the heart of the point paradigm is that both action and reasoning are based solely on individual measurements in a data set. On the other hand, subscribing to the set paradigm implies an understanding that a series of measurements are to be viewed as a collective that can be modelled by theoretical constructs, such as the mean and standard deviation. The degree of consistent use of these paradigms by individual students across the sets of probes is investigated. Implications for effective teaching interventions in the physics laboratory are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Zacharias Zacharia 《科学教学研究杂志》2003,40(8):792-823
The purpose of this study was to investigate (a) what effect the use of interactive computer‐based simulations (ICBSs), the use of laboratory inquiry‐based experiments (LIBEs), and the use of combinations of an ICBS and a LIBE, in a conceptually oriented physics course, have on science teachers' beliefs about and attitudes toward the use of these learning and teaching tools, as well as the effect on their intentions to incorporate these tools in their own future teaching practices, (b) science teachers' attitudes toward physics and the effect that the use of ICBSs and/or LIBEs have on teachers' attitudes toward physics, and (c) whether teachers' beliefs have an effect on their attitudes and whether their attitudes have an effect on their intentions. A pre–post comparison study and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) were used for this purpose. Results confirmed the TRA model that beliefs affect attitudes and these attitudes then affect intentions, and showed that science teachers' attitudes toward physics, the use of an ICBS, the use of a LIBE, and the use of a combination of an ICBS and an LIBE were highly positive at the end of the study. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 792–823, 2003 相似文献
15.
In the framework of teaching the natural sciences, ``laboratory' is a general name for activities based on observations, tests, and experiments done by students. It is hard to imagine learning to do science, or learning about science, without doing laboratory or fieldwork. In this paper, a historical overview of the place, purposes, and goals of the laboratory in physics teaching is presented, together with perspectives for its future related to the most recent results of research in physics education, mainly those concerning the constructivist and social constructivist learning approaches. Based on these approaches we try to validate the belief that microcomputer-based laboratories (MBLs) are one of the most promising perspectives in physics laboratory teaching, based on both theoretical and empirical grounds. 相似文献
16.
Pey-Tee Oon 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(1):86-118
Asian students often perform well in international science and mathematics assessments. Their attitude toward technical subjects, such as physics, remains curious for many. The present study examines Singapore school students' views on various aspects of physics according to whether they intend to choose physics as an advanced field of study. A sample of 1076 physics students, from 16 secondary schools and junior colleges, participated in this study. The students were categorized as physics choosers or non-choosers according to their indicated intention, as sought in the survey, to study or not to study physics as a major subject at university after their leaving level examinations. Rasch-anchored analysis was employed to interpret the results; the use of Rasch analysis has helped to overcome significantly the psychometric limitations inherent in the treatment of Likert scale type of data using traditional analysis. As expected, the image of physics as a difficult subject surfaced in the samples used in our study. The students recognized unequivocally the utilitarian value of physics: physics is said to enhance career options and is necessary for technological progress to occur in a country. They also showed high interest in school physics—this is so even for students who are not keen to study physics in the future, a finding which is at variance with other studies reported from Western countries. School physics is seen to be relevant, and physics teachers are viewed as being able to foster students' interest in physics. Laboratory work, enrichment activities, and physics textbooks were reported to be important in order to encourage students to like physics. Though the physics choosers showed greater intention in physics, they were generally not inclined to pursue physics-related careers after graduation. Parents and peers at school, on the other hand, are perceived to display unenthusiastic attitudes toward physics. Possible reasons for these are discussed along with the implications of the study. 相似文献
17.
Jesper Haglund Emil Melander Matthias Weiszflog Staffan Andersson 《Research in Science & Technological Education》2017,35(3):349-367
Background: University physics students were engaged in open-ended thermodynamics laboratory activities with a focus on understanding a chosen phenomenon or the principle of laboratory apparatus, such as thermal radiation and a heat pump. Students had access to handheld infrared (IR) cameras for their investigations.Purpose: The purpose of the research was to explore students’ interactions with reformed thermodynamics laboratory activities. It was guided by the research question: How do university physics students make use of IR cameras in open-ended investigation of thermal radiation as a phenomenon?Sample: The study was conducted with a class of first-year university physics students in Sweden. The interaction with the activities of four of the students was selected for analysis. The four students are males.Design and methods: We used a qualitative, interpretive approach to the study of students’ interaction. The primary means of data collection was video recording of students’ work with the laboratory activities and their subsequent presentations. The analysis focused on how IR cameras helped students notice phenomena relating to thermal radiation, with comparison to previous research on students’ conceptions of thermal radiation.Results: When using the IR camera, students attended to the reflection of thermal radiation on shiny surfaces, such as polished metals, windows or a whiteboard and emissive properties of surfaces of different types. In this way, they went beyond using the technology as a temperature probe. Students were able to discuss merits and shortcomings of IR cameras in comparison with digital thermometers.Conclusions: With the help of IR cameras, university physics students attend to thermal phenomena that would otherwise easily go unnoticed. 相似文献
18.
《Education, IRE Transactions on》1960,3(2):31-35
The physics syllabus being offered in the academic high schools of New York City has aroused considerable interest as to its value as prerequisite to baccalaureate programs in science and engineering. To gather certain facts, the Engineering Advisory Committee was organized, comprised of members selected from the New York Metropolitan sections of the professional engineering societies. The members visited numerous schools to arrive at a broad appraisal of high-school physics as a pre-engineering preparation. They inspected class schedules, laboratory facilities and libraries. They examined laboratory schedules, textbooks in use, teaching load assignments, and procedures for ordering laboratory equipment. They evaluated the qualifications of teachers and methods for motivating gifted students. Their findings are described in this report which includes a listing of recommendations. 相似文献
19.
介绍在建设物理演示实验课程中,指导本科生参与研制物理演示仪器,丰富物理演示内容,进而参加各种科技创新竞赛,调动本科生参加课外科技创新活动的积极性,形成良好的创新梯队,使科技创新小组持续发展。培养学生严谨求实的科学态度和刻苦钻研的作风,提高发现问题、研究问题、解决问题的能力,激发学生求知热情、探索精神和创新欲望。同时结合实际,因材施教,创立科技创新平台,吸引更多的学生主动参与课外科技创新活动,全面提高大学生科学素养、提高本科教学质量。 相似文献