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1.
Situative and sociocognitive analyses were combined to examine engagement in high-level collaborative learning and its relationship
with individuals’ cognitions. Video footage of 53 science university students’ (nine groups) collaborative learning interactions
as they worked through a case-based project was analysed in combination with students’ appraisals and reflections on the activity.
Sizeable group differences in amount of high-level discussion of learning content were revealed. Individual high-level contributions
were positively correlated with overall unit performance. Motivation at task onset predicted amount but not depth of content-related
group discussion. Interviews with participants suggested that groups’ divergent patterns of engagement with content could
be related to different perceptions of the notion of collaborative learning. Results are discussed in terms of implications
for collaborative learning research and educational practice. 相似文献
2.
James D. Klein Doris R. Pridemore 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1992,40(4):39-48
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cooperative learning and the need for affiliation on performance,
time on task, and satisfaction. Subjects used either a cooperative or individual learning strategy while receiving information,
examples, practice, and feedback from an instructional television lesson. Results indicated that subjects who worked cooperatively
spent more time working on practice exercises and reported greater satisfaction than those who worked individually. In addition,
results revealed an interaction between instructional method and the need for affiliation. Performance of subjects with a
high need for affiliation who worked alone was lower than that of all other groups when subjects were asked to apply what
they had learned from the lesson. Implications for employing cooperative groups in settings that were originally designed
for individual learning are provided. 相似文献
3.
Fourth-year medical students were allocated randomly to either problem-based learning (PBL) or case-based learning (CBL) tutorials on the topic of eating disorders during their 6-week psychiatry attachment. All students were evaluated in terms of their tutorial performance and the factual knowledge they had acquired. In turn, students evaluated the performance of the tutors in both the PBL and the CBL process. No significant differences were found between the student groups with respect to their performance or acquired knowledge. Furthermore, there were no significant differences when comparing the PBL format with the CBL format with regard to group functioning or oral interaction between students. Finally, student ratings for tutor performance on feedback, group management skills and personal qualities showed no differences. Implications for education are discussed. 相似文献
4.
James D. Klein Martha S. Doran 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(1):97-109
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of implementing individual and small group learning structures with a computer simulation in accounting. College students used one of three learning structures with the simulation: (a) an individual structure, (b) a small group structure with extensive interaction, or (c) a small group structure with occasional interaction. Results indicated that performance scores were high regardless of learning structure. However, students who worked alone expressed significantly more continuing motivation for their learning structure than students who worked with a partner. Responses to student interviews revealed somewhat mixed feelings for the small group structures. Observation data indicated that students who used the extensive small group structure exhibited significantly more discussion and provided more answers to their partners' questions than students who used the occasional group structure. Implications for implementing small group structures with computer-based instruction are provided. 相似文献
5.
6.
Daniel Uribe James D. Klein Howard Sullivan 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2003,51(1):5-19
The positive effects of collaborative learning in a face-to-face environment are well known. However, little empirical research
exists to determine if such effects transfer to a computer-mediated environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate
the effect of computer-mediated collaboration on solving ill-defined problems. Participants first worked through a Web-based
instructional program that taught them a four-step problem-solving process. Then they worked in computer-mediated dyads or
alone to apply the steps to solve a realistic problem scenario. Results indicated that participants who worked in computer-mediated
collaborative dyads performed significantly better than did participants who worked alone. The results also indicated that
dyads spent significantly more time than participants in the individual treatment. Both treatment groups had positive attitudes
toward working collaboratively, Internet-based instruction, and transfer of problem-solving skills. Implications for the implementation
of computer-mediated collaboration in distance learning are discussed.
During article preparation, he was a PhD student at Arizona State University (ASU), Tempe.
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the United
States Air Force, Department of Defense, or the United States government. 相似文献
7.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(1):10-19
AbstractPupils learned a German vocabulary task either working in pairs or working alone. Those working in pairs could either assume a teacher role, a pupil role, or alternate these roles. The time taken to undertake the task was measured and achievement was appraised by means of an achievement test. Thus it was possible to estimate the amount of learning per unit of time. The latter is a measure of efficiency of learning. Those who worked alone tended to learn more per unit of time than those who worked in pairs. Subjects showed an increase in efficiency from the fourth to the sixth grade. 相似文献
8.
Marlies Baeten Filip Dochy Katrien Struyven 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(2):315-336
Previous research has shown the difficulty of enhancing students’ approaches to learning, in particular the deep approach, through student-centred teaching methods such as problem- and case-based learning. This study investigates whether mixed instructional methods combining case-based learning and lectures have the power to enhance students’ approaches to learning, compared to instructional methods using either case-based learning or lectures. A quasi-experimental research was set up using a pre-/post-test design. Participants were 1,098 first-year student teachers taking a course on child development. Statistical analysis showed that students in a gradually implemented case-based setting, in which lectures gradually made way for case-based learning, scored significantly higher on the scales organised studying and effort management and significantly lower on the surface approach, compared to students in a completely case-based setting. Therefore, students in a gradually implemented case-based setting worked in a better organised way and spent more effort and concentration than students who experienced only case-based learning. Nevertheless, the gradually implemented case-based setting did not encourage students to apply deep approaches that aimed at understanding. Quantitative content analysis revealed that students in the gradually implemented case-based setting especially appreciated the variation in teaching methods and the specific combination of lectures and case-based learning. 相似文献
9.
Differences between stories written by learning handicapped students working alone and those produced when they worked in dyads were related to individual differences in writing skills and to the collaborative interactions that occurred in the dyads. The relationship between individual and dyad performance was characterized in terms of several outcome models (synergistic, most-competent member, least-competent member, and mean). Of the 10 dyads examined, the synergistic model was appropriate for 2; the other 8 dyads reflected the least-competent member model or a mix of the least-competent and mean models. Synergistic outcomes were associated with lack of disagreeing and contentious interactions and relatively low rates of interaction among the members. Least-competent member outcomes were associated with high rates of interaction and/or high rates of disagreeing or contentious behavior. The discussion focuses on potential tradeoffs between interactions about writing and actual text generation, and the impact of the individual's performance level on this tradeoff. 相似文献
10.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of case-based learning instruction over traditionally designed
chemistry instruction on eleventh grade students’ epistemological beliefs and their attitudes toward chemistry as a school
subject. The subjects of this study consisted of 63 eleventh grade students from two intact classes of an urban high school
instructed with same teacher. Each teaching method was randomly assigned to one class. The experimental group received case-based
learning and the control group received traditional instruction. At the experimental group, life cases were presented with
small group format; at the control group, lecturing and discussion was carried out. The results showed that there was a significant
difference between the experimental and control group with respect to their epistemological beliefs and attitudes toward chemistry
as a school subject in favor of case-based learning method group. Thus, case base learning is helpful for development of students’
epistemological beliefs and attitudes toward chemistry. 相似文献
11.
Jamie C. Cavalier James D. Klein Frank J. Cavalier 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1995,43(3):61-72
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cooperative learning strategies on performance, attitude toward
working in teams, and group interaction behaviors in a technical training context. Participants were 274 engineering employees
enrolled in a required training class that focused on communicating technical procedures in plant operations. Participants
were divided into small groups and cooperative teams. Instruction was the same for all participants. Only the practice portion
of the lesson reflected cooperative strategies versus no process direction. Results indicated that the practice conducted
in a cooperative manner had a significant effect on performance and group behaviors. Participants in the cooperative teams
performed better on the posttest, enjoyed working in teams, perceived more accomplishment, and displayed higher levels of
social and cognitive interaction than participants who worked in unstructured small groups. Implications for integrating cooperative
strategies into technical team training are provided. 相似文献
12.
Jeroen Janssen Gijsbert Erkens Paul A. Kirschner Gellof Kanselaar 《Instructional Science》2010,38(1):59-88
This research investigates the role of representational guidance by comparing the effects of two different representational
tools. We used a design with two different groups defined by the type of argumentative diagram students co-constructed while
working in a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. The Graphical Debate-tool offered different representational
guidance than the Textual Debate-tool. The results show that groups that worked with the Graphical Debate-tool constructed
representations of higher quality and wrote essays that were better in terms of grounds quality. Furthermore, working with
the Graphical Debate-tool was found to have a positive effect on students’ learning as measured by a knowledge post-test.
In contrast to our expectations however, there was little difference between the two conditions regarding the online collaboration
process. It can be concluded that representational guidance has an impact on group and individual performance and should therefore
be taken into account during instructional design. 相似文献
13.
Dorothy Faulkner Richard Joiner Karen Littleton Dorothy Miell Linda Thompson 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2000,15(4):417-430
There has been considerable research concerning peer interaction and the acquisition of children’s scientific reasoning. This study investigated differences in collaborative activity between pairs of children working around a computer with pairs of children working with physical apparatus and related any differences to the development of children’s scientific reasoning. Children aged between 9 and 10 years old (48 boys and 48 girls) were placed into either same ability or mixed ability pairs according to their individual, pre-test performance on a scientific reasoning task. These pairs then worked on either a computer version or a physical version of Inhelder and Piaget’s (1958) chemical combination task. Type of presentation was found to mediate the nature and type of collaborative activity. The mixed-ability pairs working around the computer talked proportionally more about the task and management of the task; had proportionally more transactive discussions and used the record more productively than children working with the physical apparatus. Type of presentation was also found to mediated children’s learning. Children in same ability pairs who worked with the physical apparatus improved significantly more than same ability pairs who worked around the computer. These findings were partially predicted from a socio-cultural theory and show the importance of tools for mediating collaborative activity and collaborative learning. 相似文献
14.
‘Becoming and being writers’: the experiences of doctoral students in writing groups 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
Damian Maher Leonie Seaton Cathi McMullen Terry Fitzgerald Emi Otsuji Alison Lee 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(3):263-275
The use of writing groups to support students undertaking post-graduate research within universities has begun to receive attention from academic supervisors and doctoral researchers. Very little has been written by doctoral students themselves on the benefits of working within such writing groups. In this article, the experiences of working within a doctoral writing group at an Australian University are presented, primarily from the perspective of students. The authors identify two main benefits they have experienced through participating in a writing group using a ‘multi-voiced’ approach. First, they discuss the kind of learning that they achieved through working in a writing group. They do this with reference to key principles of peer learning and of peer review. Second, they focus on the ways the group worked as a community of discursive social practice. An overarching message for them in participating in the group and now writing this article is the shift in their thinking and experience of writing from seeing writing as an essentially private and implicit process to writing becoming a matter of public and shared work. These two notions are bound by the concept of identity building, drawing from the literature on communities of practice. 相似文献
15.
陈修梅 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2009,28(12)
通过问卷、座谈、访谈等实证研究方式对高师教育学课程中开展的合作式案例教学进行实证调查,结果表明,作为一种创新型的教学模式,师范生对于案例教学和合作学习兴趣较高;小组内部合作学习开展较好,而组间合作有待加强;实施合作式案例教学对于师范生的各项能力的养成均有帮助;师范生对该项教学改革持有较好评价.合作式案例教学具有一定的推广价值. 相似文献
16.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how the use of CAI tutorial programs, incorporating advance organizers and involving various sizes of groups of subjects, would affect students' achievement scores, retention scores, and rates of learning. Used as subjects were 100 suburban high school physics students running interactive tutorial physics programs focusing on strobe simulation and displacement-time and velocity-time graphs. For fifty students (experimental group) an advance organizer program preceded each tutorial. The remaining fifty students (control group) had an advance non-organizer program preceding each tutorial. While pursuing the tutorials the students worked individually or together in groups of two, three, or four. Five days were allocated for the students to repeat the four tutorials until 90% competency level was attained. Achievement and retention were measured by individually administered paper-pencil teacher-made tests sampling the content of all four tutorials. Rate of learning was determined for groups by the number of times the first three tutorial programs were executed in order to attain 90% competency. In the two-way analysis of variance the only significant result at the 0.05 level pertained to group size. Results of the Tukey Test revealed that students working in groups of three and four on CAI tutorials had significantly better rates of learning than students working alone. No significant differences in achievement or retention were observed for the various groups. The implications for using CAI tutorials in physics point to grouping students in fours as a time saving and economic method of presenting material without significant loss of achievement or retention. 相似文献
17.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of informal cooperative learning and the affiliation motive on achievement, attitude, and student interactions. Participants classified as high or low need for affiliation used either an informal cooperative learning strategy or an individual strategy while receiving information, examples, practice and feedback from an instructional television lesson. Results indicated that participants who used the individual strategy acquired significantly more knowledge from the lesson and indicated significantly more continuing motivation for working alone than those who used the informal cooperative strategy. Instructional strategy did not influence performance on the application portion of the test. Results also revealed that high affiliation participants expressed significantly more continuing motivation than low affiliation participants for working with another person. Low affiliation participants expressed significantly more continuing motivation than high affiliation participants for working alone. Finally, results indicated that high affiliation dyads exhibited significantly more on-task group behaviors (taking turns, sharing materials, group discussion of content) and significantly more off-task behaviors than low affiliation dyads. Copyright 2000 Academic Press. 相似文献
18.
《The Journal of educational research》2012,105(5):259-265
Abstract Cooperative and collaborative learning are recognized as valuable components of classroom learning. However, many questions remain regarding how teachers might structure and guide children's group-learning experiences. An ethnographic case study of 29 Grade 6 and Grade 7 students who worked in groups over 5 weeks was examined to determine what was learned. Data included audiotape recordings of 6 groups of children working together across 11 work sessions, student interviews, children's self-evaluations and drawings, and research reports. Findings revealed that when working in groups, children require periods of unstructured time to organize themselves and to learn how to work together toward a mutual goal. 相似文献
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20.
In this article, we address the methodological implications of analysing online discussion boards with a focus on participants' changing identities. More specifically, we propose the use of a Communities of Practice framework as a heuristic method for considering how participants' contributions to online discussion play a role in changing who they become, as opposed to what they learn. We argue that many analyses of online communication fail to take account of learning as a change in identity – what/who the learner is (becoming) – and focus mainly on the opportunity for cognitive development – what they know. In doing so, we use a single case study from a discussion board for secondary-aged students of mathematics which acts as a ‘telling case’ before demonstrating what this might say about other contexts for online learning. We argue that this has important implications for both research into, and the design of, online education. 相似文献