共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 106 毫秒
1.
John E. Hofman 《Int J Intercult Relat》1977,1(3):79-102
Several studies done in Israel during the past 10 to 15 years on identity and intergroup perception are reviewed with a view towards relating these two areas of research. Problems of methodology are discussed. The methodology of concept differentiation supplemented the more common questionnaire approach. The groups that served as objects of scrutiny were religiously observant, traditionalist, and nonobservant Jews: members of the Oriental and European Jewish communities; Christian and Moslem Arabs; and Arabs and Jews in Israel, in general. The dimensions of evaluation, symmetry, and differentiation were applied to seemingly heterogeneous content and yielded three hypotheses: (1) group membership is positively related to evaluation; (2) status differential between groups is inversely related to symmetry of evaluations; and (3) identity/ intergroup perception evolves through stages of differentiation, ambivalence, and integration. The hypotheses fit the data, especially when changes in self and mutual evaluations are taken into account. 相似文献
2.
Ross P. Garner 《Popular Communication》2016,14(2):86-98
This article employs autoethnographic reflections to contribute towards debates concerning film-induced tourism by analysing the officially endorsed Doctor Who Experience Walking Tour around filming locations from the BBC series in Cardiff Bay, Wales. Approaching this tour as an example of paratextuality, the article pursues two arguments. First, it reflects upon the attempts used within the tour for encouraging connection between participants and the locations visited from the perspective of immersion. However, noting preceding positions, it is recognized that the tour constructs forms of imaginative immersion. The terms symbolic and cued immersion are subsequently introduced to consider the strategies that the tour employs to position fans and engage them with its frequently quotidian spaces. Second, the article explores the links between the tour’s immersive strategies and its institutional context, arguing that these assist in reinforcing core brand values regarding BBC Worldwide. 相似文献
3.
4.
The study undertook to examine the validity in Israel of several conclusions reached by investigators in the United States on the effect of intergroup contact on change in ethnic attitudes, as well as to extend contact research to topics which heretofore have received only scant attention. There were 100 subjects: 12-year-old Israeli girls of different ethnic background, participating in a summer camp. Results indicated that (1) as a result of contact, a positive change in attitude of the high status towards the low-status group occurred with regard to people and activities both related and not related to the contact situation, (2) only subjects without previous ethnic contact showed changes, (3) enjoyment of the contact situation was related to attitude change, while (4) authoritarianism was not related to attitude change. 相似文献
5.
One of the methods of multicultural societies for advancing a shared society is cross-cultural teaching. Commonly, teachers from the majority group apply to teaching at the majority's schools through the acculturation process. The current study, however, illuminates the understudied situation, in which teachers of the Jewish majority group in Israel teach at the Arab minority's schools. Our findings indicate that these Jewish teachers are mostly motivated by their ideology and moral values, mainly a yearning to bridge between two hostile societies. These teachers' integration into the minority's schools is challenging due to cultural differences, lack of familiarity with Arabic, and difficulties introducing informal pedagogy, that is not common in Arab schools, discipline problems among students, and a challenging national-political discourse. 相似文献
6.
The question of who is excluded from full citizenship stands at the heart of the political and scholarly debate. This issue is highly relevant considering the gap between those whose substantive citizenship is taken for granted and various “strangers”. This paper addresses the issue by exploring the motivations that shape patterns of exclusion from full citizenship. The aim is to understand the attitudes of the dominant group regarding allocation of different kinds of rights to minorities under the impact of intergroup hostility and threat perception. Looking at dominant group perceptions makes it possible to explore the role of economic, symbolic and security threat perceptions as antecedents of exclusionist attitudes towards welfare, cultural and political rights for three dissimilar minorities in Israel: Palestinian citizens of Israel, non-Jewish immigrants from the former Soviet Union and ultra-Orthodox Jews. Analysis has indicated that regardless of the dissimilarity between the three minority groups there is a clear pattern of hierarchy of attitudes toward rights allocation. However, only the symbolic threat plays an identical role in shaping these attitudes toward the three groups. These findings emphasize the significance of the cultural dimension of citizenship. 相似文献
7.
The present paper demonstrates the use of metric multidimensional scaling analysis to determine messages which could be utilized to enhance tourism for a particular region. An example utilizing the case of Israel is studied here in order to illustrate these techniques. Thirty professors and their spouses were interviewed to obtain ratio estimates of differences among 16 concepts associated with the focal concepts of “Israel” and “my vacation.” Data were analyzed using the metric program GALILEO (T.M.), which rendered a ratio-scaled configuration of the concepts in a multidimensional space. Further, using an algorithm called the Automatic Message Generator (T.M.), messages were formulated which would move “my vacation” closer to “Israel.” The techniques and the results are presented so as to make them relevant to those persons in charge of the generation of messages in the tourism industry. It is argued in this paper that the use of these techniques may facilitate the task of assessing and changing the attitudes of individuals with regard to their vacation preferences. 相似文献
8.
The study investigated the roles of ethnicity and educational standing as determinants of interpersonal acceptance among integrated Western and Middle Eastern junior high school students in Israel. A previous study found that often reported ethnic asymmetries were dissipated once educational standing of targets was controlled. The present study hypothesized that the use of sociometric formulations emphasizing self-initiated desire rather than acquiescent agreement would reassert the importance of ethnic biases alongside educational considerations. A sample of 1127 students completed two versions of the Interpersonal Relationship Assessment Technique, emphasizing either willingness to agree or desire to initiate relations with each classmate. Findings indicated that educational standing was the central determinant of relations. In the case of acquiescent acceptance a target's high educational status was found to ameliorate the impact of ethnicity which appeared at low status. In the case of self-expressed desire, ethnic effects appeared alongside the more prominent educational ones: Westerners exhibited same group preference across educational levels, whereas Middle Easterners displayed no group preference. These findings suggest that personalized considerations of educational status overshadow group ones of ethnicity, yet do not obliterate them when interpersonal stakes are high. 相似文献
9.
《Cultural and Social History》2013,10(4):424-444
In the interwar years the loosening of constitutional bonds between Britain and the settler colonies was facilitated by a perceived strengthening of economic, social, and cultural ties. In the case of broadcasting, this closer cultural connection becomes apparent when programming is placed in its institutional context, for example through analysis of BBC and CBC coverage of the 1939 royal tour of Canada. Despite tensions produced by different agendas and interests, in general the two broadcasters collaborated to achieve common goals. In particular, both presented an empire divided along lines of race and class as nevertheless united in loyalty to the crown. 相似文献
10.
This study examined the saliency of two independent dimensions of group identity—gender and ethnicity—for attitudes toward different languages in an Israeli context. The study is presented within the framework of social identity theory and treats the implications of multiple group memberships for the interpersonal/intergroup continuum of social behavior. The sample included 343 ninth grade Jewish and Arab students in Israel who responded to semantic differential scales for each of three languages: Hebrew, Arabic and English. It was hypothesized that gender would be the relevant group category for attitudes toward English, which is considered to be “ethnically neutral”, but not for Hebrew and Arabic. For the latter two languages, the saliency of ethnic group membership was expected to override any gender-language link. The results basically supported the hypotheses with the exception that ethnic group membership was a relevant category for English in addition to gender. 相似文献
11.
This study examines psychological well-being and ethnic identities of Jewish adolescents planning emigration from Russia and Ukraine to Israel. Measurements were conducted in 1999 (n = 654) and in 2005 (n = 243). The adolescents were questioned about half a year before they left their homeland. In Russia, adolescents who planned emigration in 2005 had less emotional and behavioral problems and suffered less from loneliness than their peers in 1999. In Ukraine, no improvement was found in psychological well-being; moreover, the school competence of adolescents who planned emigration in 2005 was lower compared to their peers in 1999. Adolescents who planned emigration from Russia and Ukraine in 2005 reported a more positive attitude towards their homeland and stronger identification with the ethnic majority in their homeland than the adolescents who planned emigration in 1999. The emigrants’ attitude towards Israel did not change from 1999 to 2005. Their identification with Jews was weaker in 2005 as compared with 1999. In both cohorts, the adolescents’ attitude towards Israel was more positive than their attitude towards Russia or Ukraine, and their identification with Jews was stronger than that with Russians or Ukrainians. In 1999, Russian/Ukrainian and Jewish-Israeli facets of the emigrants’ ethnic identity were contradictory, while they were complementary in 2005. 相似文献
12.
The effects on culture shock of prior travel experience, feelings of internal/external control, and intolerance of ambiguity were examined in American tourists to Africa. Participants, 42 members of a university sponsored six week tour of East Africa, ranged widely in age and prior travel experience. Hostility toward Africans, withdrawal from cross cultural contact, and overidentification with America were assessed with ratings by tour leaders and by participant self reports. Prior travel experience does not correlate significantly with culture shock, a finding confounded in this study by age. Older tourists had more prior travel but also experienced greater culture shock. Those less tolerant of ambiguity experienced greater culture shock. Internal/external control feelings did not correlate significantly with culture shock. Combining personality and prior travel in multiple regression did not significantly improve prediction of any of the culture shock manifestations over that of the best single predictor. Results are discussed primarily in terms of differences between the cross cultural experience of tourists and that of other groups in which culture shock has been studied. 相似文献
13.
The paper presents findings obtained from interviews conducted with sixty Israeli grandchildren of Holocaust survivors, discussing their views regarding Israel and Europe as expressed by their intentions to live in Israel and acquire European citizenship. Analysis of the interviews revealed that the majority view Israel as the place in which they choose to live because of family and cultural bonds, as well as from the long-lasting impact of the Holocaust. Others felt less anchored and viewed the opportunity to immigrate to their forefathers’ European homelands more positively. Their reasons were based either on the unstable Israeli security situation, compounded by the anxieties elicited by the memory of the Holocaust, or as a result of perceiving Europe as a gateway to the globalized world and its financial gains.The emerging image of Europe for this third generation vacillates between two poles, each anchored in a different time and cultural frame. The first is the “Europe of the Holocaust”; image which emerged as a result of the events that took place on European soil during the period 1933-1945 together with current anti Semitism. The second is “Europe of the Globalized world”, that is, the Europe of the era beginning in the late 1980s, with its ever-expanding social, cultural and economic boundaries. Moreover, the willingness of the third generation to openly discuss the option of either staying or leaving Israel, represents a significant change in attitude from the first and second generation of Israeli Holocaust survivors. The change is seen, as part of a process of maturation of the Israeli identity which allows for multi voices to be heard on issues of belonging and citizenship. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2013,42(1):65-87
The present study aims to gain an understanding of the patterns of representation and appearances of Palestinian citizens of Israel in the genre of reality shows in Israel. This genre has become extremely dominant in the television-broadcasting schedule. The mere fact that Arab people are visually present in TV entertainment, and in reality shows more specifically, should not lead us to conclude that Israeli TV is witnessing a move toward pluralism. It is important to examine the precise mode of representation of the “others.” That is to say: we must look at the visibility of Arab participants in those reality shows in which they appear (research question 1); how Arabs are represented in such programs (research question 2), and at the types of interaction between Arabs and other, Jewish-majority, participants in the program (research question 3). Content analyses were conducted for all reality shows broadcast on Israel's commercial TV channels between 2003 and 2007 that included Arab participants. Results show the reality show genre is still firmly ruled by a Jewish hegemony that represents the Palestinian Arab as the “other” and that the overwhelming majority of spectators are Jewish. 相似文献
15.
Studies in Israel relating to attitudes of various ethnic, cultural and religious groups towards the disabled were reviewed. The results indicate that although there were differences in attitudes towards the disabled, these differences appear to be a function of interaction effects between many other variables and not necessarily only related to ethnic, cultural, and religious affiliation. 相似文献
16.
This study aims to measure intercultural competence (awareness) of tourism and hospitality employees who tend to be in continuous interaction with intercultural customers. By comparing the results of a self-report awareness test/scale with the results of a knowledge-based test, the study shows that employees not only have extremely low intercultural competence, they also exaggerate their intercultural awareness/competence. Hence, in addition to the implications for intercultural competence/awareness of tourism and hospitality employees and for the businesses for which they work, the study has also implications regarding the measurement ability of self-report scales/tests. 相似文献
17.
Little attention has been given to the cultural and political aspects of the supervisory relationship between Arab Palestinian supervisees and Jewish Israeli supervisors in medical psychology in Israel. This paper presents a focus group of five interns and certified medical psychologists of Arab Palestinian origin who describe their experiences and relationships with their Jewish supervisors. Constant comparison analysis revealed three main themes: fusion between professional and national identities, gaps that go beyond the cultural differences, and a sense of alienation and isolation in the supervision setting. The findings indicate the inevitable presence of the political conflict in the supervision relationship and correspond with findings for other professions such as social work. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed and practical recommendations for supervisors are offered. 相似文献
18.
Aaron Cohen 《Int J Intercult Relat》2009,33(4):332-345
There has been a growing trend recently to examine individual-level values in order to better understand attitudes and behaviors of employees in the workplace. This paper continues this trend by examining the relationship between individual-level values, using Schwartz's basic human values theory, and six workplace commitment forms (organizational, occupational, group, work, job, union). It also examines whether individual values relate to commitment forms when controlling for demographic variables and justice perceptions. The sample includes 424 employees of one of the major banks in Israel. The findings show strong relationships between age and justice and commitment forms. However, they also show that individual values relate to commitment forms above and beyond the effect of the demographic and justice variables. In particular, the results show consistent positive relationships between benevolence and achievement, on the one hand, and most of the commitment forms on the other. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for future research on the relationships between individual values and commitment in the workplace. 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2013,42(2):109-130
The Global Cultural Initiative (GCI) was a flagship cultural diplomacy effort introduced by the Bush Administration in the mid-2000s; one project of this initiative was the American Film Institute's Project: 20/20, a program of 19 films from five continents scheduled to tour the United States and abroad. This paper is a historical exploration into how the Bush Administration reconstructed American identity and culture through framing, and how that framing was embedded within cultural diplomacy initiatives like the GCI. This paper contributes to an understanding of how intercultural dialogue is often based on key messages and constructed ideas. 相似文献
20.
Earle F. Zeigler 《Int J Intercult Relat》1980,4(2):203-218
This article explores what appears to be a paradox in Israeli life: on what basis can modern Israel continue to promote sport, dance, play and exercise despite the evident truth that there is very little reference in Jewish tradition to the significance of these activities? After reviewing the Jewish tradition, the author discusses several macrosystemic variables (e.g., characteristics of world societies) in each case making a cross-cultural comparison between the University, Canada and Israel. Various approaches to the “good life” offered by Kateb are considered and related to the Israeli scene. The conclusion is that Israelis have been forced to adopt a behavioral science image in which they are adapting reality to their own end and adapting to reality where necessary. 相似文献