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一、发挥学生主体地位,培养学生元认知技能 元认知技能是学生元认知能力的核心组成部分,它包括元认知计划、监视、调控三个方面.元认知技能水平的提高能够在学习过程中提高学生认知水平并提高其学习效率.培养学生的元认知技能,要以发挥学生的主体地位为基本前提,让学生在信息技术课堂上多想、多练,扩充自身的认知策略图式. 相似文献
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元认知及其在教学中的运用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
元认知是关于认知的认知,是个体对自己的认知加工过程的自我意识、自我体验、自我调节和监控,它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个成分,它们相互联系、密不可分。元认知的发展水平直接制约着个体智力的发展,影响着个体的学习效率,因此教师应该加强元认知在教学中的运用,对学生进行元认知培养,提高学生的元认知水平,增强学生的元认知能力,从而教会学生学习、促进学生智力发展。 相似文献
3.
元认知是关于认知的认知,是个体对自己的认知加工过程的自我意识、自我体验、自我调节和监控,它包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个成分,它们相互联系、密不可分.元认知的发展水平直接制约着个体智力的发展,影响着个体的学习效率,因此教师应该加强元认知在教学中的运用,对学生进行元认知培养,提高学生的元认知水平,增强学生的元认知能力,从而教会学生学习、促进学生智力发展. 相似文献
4.
张清 《湖北广播电视大学学报》2014,(5):11-12
元认知是认知主体对自身认知的认知。元认知能力直接影响到学习者的自主学习能力,从而影响到学习者英语学习水平的提高。教师在现代远程开放英语教学中应引入元认知理论,以提高学生的元认知能力,从而提高学生英语自主学习能力。 相似文献
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元认知是以认知策略为基础,以自身的认知系统为认知对象,对主体认知过程的自我意识和自我调节,是对认知的认知。元认知包括元认知知识、元认知体验和元认知监控三个基本要素。学生的元认知水平对其英语学习具有重要的影响。英语教学应设法丰富学生的元认知知识,诱发学生的元认知体验,强化学生的元认知监控。 相似文献
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郑尚俊 《语数外学习(高中版)》2014,(12):18-18
一、元认知策略的内涵
元认知,顾名思义,是指人们在认知过程中对自身和他人的相关认知活动以及在认知过程中影响认知的因素的认识。元认知策略是由元认知理论发展而来的,在具体的教学过程中,主要是指学生自身进行计划、教师进行管理和监督的语言学习策略,这种教学策略能够充分发挥学生的主体地位,不断提高学生的自主学习能力,进而促进学生建立完整的知识架构,提高学习效率。 相似文献
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单瑞芹 《中国数学教育(高中版)》2009,(7):31-33
元认知是主体对自己的认知过程和结果的认知,其实质是主体对认知活动和结果的自我意识、自我监控和自我调节．在学习过程中,学生只有掌握有关自己思维活动和认知活动的知识,具有对自己思维活动和认知活动的控制能力,即学生应具有元认知能力,才能保持清醒的头脑,从而有效地解决问题．因此,适当的数学元认知的培养和训练,能促进学生思维品质和智力的发展,提高学生的学习效率．针对学生的认知情况,我们提出了在初中阶段进行元认知数学教学的设想,即运用元认知理论指导数学教学,以培养学生的数学元认知能力为突破口,达到提高学生数学素养的目的． 相似文献
8.
元认知策略与大学英语阅读教学 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
元认知是认知主体对自身认知活动的认知。元认知能力直接影响着学生的自主学习能力,从而影响学生阅读水平的高低。元认知策略对大学英语阅读教学有着重要启示,在阅读教学中应用元认知策略,可以提高学生自主阅读的能力,增强阅读的独立性和自觉性,从而最终使学生成为独立、自主、高效的学习者。 相似文献
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元认知是认知主体利用元认知知识和元认知策略对认知过程的调节和监控,是个体思维的内核.基于多媒体网络的英语教学模式突破了传统教学模式的时空限制,强调学生的自主学习能力,对学生的元认知能力提出了更高要求.在新教学模式下,元认知能力和学习成绩呈现出很大的相关性,元认知能力的高低直接影响学生学习成功的可能性.因此,教师应帮助学生提高网络定位感,关注个体认知风格,开展反思活动,在教学中加强形成性评价,建立一个基于元认知调节活动的网络自主学习过程模式,调动认知潜能,从而提高认知加工的效率. 相似文献
10.
自主学习是学习成功者的主要特征。元认知以认知理论为基础．以学生自身的认知系统为对象,对其学习过程进行监控和调节。元认知知识包含了关于学习任务的知识,关于策略使用的知识,以及学习主体的知识。学生的元认知知识水平对英语学习具有重要的影响,因此,在基础阶段英语教学中,教师应通过开展研究学习。加强策略培训,以及反思学习过程等手段来不断提高学生的元认知知识水平。 相似文献
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《Learning and Instruction》2002,12(1):87-105
Cognitive load theory (CLT) is aimed at developing training material that efficiently makes use of the available cognitive processing capacity and stimulates the learner's ability to use acquired knowledge and skills in new situations. It is claimed that CLT-based training formats meet the cognitive abilities of elderly learners particularly well. That is, cognitive aging brings about several declines of working memory, which impede the acquisition of complex cognitive skills. By making an optimal use of the ‘remaining’ cognitive resources, learning can be enhanced. For that purpose, CLT provides a promising range of training formats that have proven their effectiveness relative to conventional formats in young adults. This article presents an experimental study (N=54) aimed at the efficiency of worked examples as a substitute for conventional practice problems in training both elderly and young adults. According to CLT, studying worked examples is a more efficient means of training complex skills than solving conventional problems. As predicted, the results show that — with respect to the elderly — the efficiency of studying worked examples is higher than the efficiency of solving conventional problems in that less training time and cognitive load leads to a comparable level of performance. 相似文献
13.
Research on Cognitive Load Theory has shownthat measures of cognitive load can revealimportant information about the cognitiveconsequences of instructional conditions thatis not necessarily reflected by traditionalperformance-based measures. Although, theindividual measures of cognitive load can beconsidered important to determine the power ofdifferent instructional conditions, ameaningful interpretation of a certain level ofcognitive load can only be given in the contextof its associated performance level, and viceversa. This was recognized by Paas and VanMerriënboer (1993) who developed a2-dimensional computational approach to combinemeasures of test performance with measures ofthe associated mental effort in order tocompare the `mental efficiency' ofinstructional conditions. In this approach,high task performance associated with loweffort is termed high instructional efficiency,whereas low task performance with high effortis termed low instructional efficiency.Here we explore the utility of employingmulti-dimensional approaches, in particular two2-dimensional efficiency measures and a new3-dimensional approach, which combines themeasures of learning effort, test effort andtest performance. Each of these approaches withtheir associated insights and analyses may beuseful for instructional researchers, e.g. asdiagnostic instruments to identify differentaspects of efficient or inefficientinstructional conditions and can be implementedin a broad range of learning environments,including electronic environments, possiblyenabling more effective learning-task selection. 相似文献
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Long-term memory retrieval efficiency was investigated as a potential underlying source of individual and developmental differences in cognitive functioning. Fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and college-aged subjects participated in a task using the Posner letter-matching paradigm. Letter pairs were presented simultaneously under physical-match and name-match instruction conditions. Reaction times were used to estimate parameters of long-term memory retrieval efficiency, basic encoding, decision, and response time, and name and physical output interference. Psychometric tests of verbal and spatial ability were included to assess convergent and discriminant validity of hypothesized relationships between aptitude test performance and basic cognitive processes. Developmental differences were observed in most but not all of the processing variables. Individual difference analyses indicated that less confounded estimates of processing parameters were not systematically related to verbal ability at any age level. Basic encoding and response speed was the most consistent correlate of spatial ability. The results suggest difficulties in previous interpretations of NIPI-verbal ability relationships. The study of cognitive processes in interaction and embedded in meaningful tasks is discussed. 相似文献
15.
Areti Panaoura 《教育心理学》2006,26(5):643-676
The present study outlines a specific three‐level hierarchy of the cognitive system, in particular the relationship between cognitive and metacognitive processes in mathematics. The emphasis is on the impact of processing efficiency and working memory ability on the development of self‐representation and mathematical performance. We developed and used instruments measuring pupils' self‐representation, mathematical performance, working memory, and information processing and administered them to 126 pupils (8–11 years old) three times, with breaks of three to four months between testing. Results indicated that the development of each of the abilities was affected by the state of the others. In particular, processing efficiency had a coordinator role on the growth of mathematical performance, while self‐image, as a specific dimension of self‐representation, depended mainly on previous working memory ability. 相似文献
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可用性是指用户对产品使用的有效、易学、高效、好记、少错和令人满意的程度。调查表明,学习型网站的可用性偏低。通过减少学习者认知负荷、降低记忆负荷、组织感知元素、帮助学习者构建认知地图、提升学习者认知策略水平、优化网站的学习设计策略,可有效提高学习型网站可用性。 相似文献
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Recently, cognitive load theory has been considered within conceptual change research. Although the effectiveness of refutation texts (RT) has been proven, the conceptual change process involved and the influencing factors remain unclear. To contribute to this research, we investigate the efficiency of pupils working with a modified RT design in which the alternative and scientific conceptions are not explicitly contrasted, and we examine the level of learner expertise as a possible influencing factor. We investigated the efficiency based on the scientific conceptions learned and the mental effort invested (reflecting cognitive load) during instruction (N = 195, 9th graders). Only pupils with high prior knowledge (experts) showed low efficiency and higher mental effort when dealing with alternative conceptions. Our results indicate that the experts did not profit from the mental effort they invested in the learning process, whereas the novices seemed to profit from their invested mental effort. 相似文献
18.
认知神经科学视角下的创造力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
罗良 《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2010,(1):57-64
创造力研究对于社会进步和个人发展均具有重要意义,逐渐成为心理学研究中的一个重要领域。随着认知神经科学的兴起,研究者从认知神经科学视角开展了丰富的创造力研究,这些研究主要体现在两个方面:(1)从大脑结构、大脑皮层唤醒水平和神经效能三个角度对创造力个体差异的认知神经机制进行了揭示;(2)基于最近几十年认知神经科学的研究成果,从认知神经科学角度对创造力进行了分类。认知神经科学的创造力研究,深化了人们对创造力的理解,但依然存在挑战,通过分析这些挑战,使我们明晰了认知神经科学关于创造力研究的未来方向:改进创造力测量工具和实验任务以满足认知神经科学研究的需要,进一步加强知识与创造力关系、人格特质与创造力关系的认知神经科学研究。 相似文献
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教学视频因其多通道展现教学内容的特性而成为数字化学习资源的首选形态。线索作为教学视频中的重要引导性教学设计手段,探究其类型及学习者先前知识经验对学习效果的交互影响,有益于优化教学视频的设计策略。基于学习者先前知识经验水平(高水平和低水平)和线索类型(言语线索和视觉线索)两个维度,运用眼动追踪技术和认知负荷、学习满意度、学习效果等测量工具,通过实验考察二者对学习的影响及其内在机制后发现:学习者先前知识经验水平对认知负荷的影响显著;线索类型对学习满意度的影响显著,且线索类型与学习者先前知识经验水平在学习满意度上的交互效应显著;学习者先前知识经验水平对学习效果的影响显著,且线索类型与学习者先前知识经验水平在迁移测验成绩上的交互效应显著。实验结果表明,线索类型与学习者先前知识经验水平对学习满意度和学习效果存在明显的交互作用,即只有低知识经验水平学习者在学习含有视觉线索的教学视频后,学习满意度与学习效果才有显著提升。这可能是由于该类学习者在信息选择时存在困难,视觉线索可以帮助其提高信息搜索效率,而言语线索却会使其认知负荷超载。 相似文献
20.
图式理论与图式阅读教学初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄福祥 《临沂师范学院学报》2002,24(1):109-111
现代认知心理学的图式理论是阅续心理学领域研究阅读理解过程的主流理论，文章图式有助于提高阅读效率和阅读质量，使读者知识的结构化、系统化程度大为提高，和常规教学相比，图式教学更能有效地提高学生的阅读理解能力和推理能力。 相似文献