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1.
认知——发展理论是从发生学的角度研究人类心理和知识、道德发生发展的理性主义理论。认知发展的德育方法是由杜威提出的，后由认知发展心理学的主要代表皮亚杰、柯尔伯格、埃里克森等推进和发展。杜威在《教育中的道德原理》中首次提出了发展性的德育思想，他认为思维在德育中起着重要的作用，发展是德育的根本目的，而发展是通过儿童的道德发展阶段实现的。道德品质从心理学的角度看由道德认识、道德情感和道德行为三个密不可分的部分组成。道德认知是道德情感和道德行为的依据。而道德认识是指儿童对是非、善恶、行为准则及其执行意义的认识。[第一段] 相似文献
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认知——发展理论是从发生学的角度研究人类心理和知识、道德发生发展的理性主义理论。认知发展的德育方法是由杜威提出的，后由认知发展心理学的主要代表皮亚杰、柯尔伯格、埃里克森等推进和发展。杜威在《教育中的道德原理》中首次提出了发展性的德育思想，他认为思维在德育中起着重要的作用，发展是德育的根本目的，而发展是通过儿童的道德发展阶段实现的。道德品质从心理学的角度看由道德认识、道德情感和道德行为三个密不可分的部分组成。道德认知是道德情感和道德行为的依据。而道德认识是指儿童对是非、善恶、行为准则及其执行意义的认识。 相似文献
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科尔伯格道德发展理论强调道德判断能力和发展水平在儿童道德成长中的作用。他对儿童道德发展的阶段性,家庭、学校等外在环境在儿童道德成长中的作用的强调,以及其"三水平六阶段"理论,对我们预防和解决留守儿童道德成长问题具有重要的启示作用。 相似文献
4.
柯尔伯格(L.Koblberg,1927～1987)是当代西方道德认知学派的建立者和最主要的代表人物.他沿着皮亚杰研究儿童道德判断的路线,在儿童道德认知发展领域辛勤工作了三十多个春秋,提出了著名的“三水平六阶段”道德发展阶段模型,并以此为核心创立了道德认知发展教育理论体系,开创了国外六、七十年代以来的“认知发展教育运动”,在国际学术界和教育界产生了广泛的影响.柯尔柏格的道德认知发展理论体系,包括道德发展的哲学、道德发展的心理学和道德发展与道德教育三个有机组成部分.国内学术界对柯尔伯格道德发展的心理学和道德发展与道德教育两个方面介绍得较多,而对其道德 相似文献
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一、关于柯尔伯格道德认知发展理论美国当代著名的发展心理学家和道德教育学家劳伦斯·柯尔伯格(LawrenceKohlberg)等人在直接吸收皮亚杰儿童道德发展心理学理论的基础上,创立了以两难道德判断为切入口的柯尔伯格道德认知发展理论。该理论的核心是主张道德教育应激发儿童的积极思维,发展儿童的道德推理能力,促使他们的道德思维向更高阶段发展。柯尔伯格在对美国青少年十几年的跟踪调查和对十几个国家跨文化比较研究的基础上,提出了“三个水平六个阶段”的道德认知发展模式。该模式认为道德认知发展包括三个水平及六个阶段:第一水平:前习俗… 相似文献
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皮亚杰认为，儿童道德发展的趋势是由“他治”到逐渐形成“自治”。他治的儿童没有道德自主性，受他人支配，而自治的儿童在道德问题上则是由自己支配自己。在他看来，儿童道德培养的关键是培养儿童的道德自治。同时他还指出，道德自治并不是自然而然形成的，而是一个逐渐培养的过程，成人良好的方式能促进儿童道德自治的形成，而一些不当方式则会阻碍儿童道德自治的培养。根据皮亚杰的这一观点，笔者认为培养儿童的道德自治关键是调动儿童的主体性，可从以下几个方面着手。 相似文献
7.
皮亚杰、柯尔伯格是心理学道德发展领域认知派理论的两位杰出代表人物，从研究的背景、方法、成果及其应用诸方面对他们作比较性的分析，指出皮亚杰以其在道德心理学学科上的奠基性工作，探讨了人的德性起源和儿童的道德判断特点，对道德教育有启迪意义；柯尔伯格则在皮氏基础上以其创新性研究揭示了道德发展模式和阶段特点、并进行了道德教育的理论思考和指导道德教育的实践活动。 相似文献
8.
霍夫曼的道德移情及其功能述略 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
霍夫曼认为道德移情是在情感性唤起和对他人的社会认知能力的提高基础上产生和发展的,他提出移情式悲伤的四阶段水平,概括了儿童移情发展水平.指出道德移情对个体的道德发展具有重要功能移情倾向可以加强个体具有的公正道德价值取向或者关爱道德价值取向;在面对道德冲突时,唤起的移情可激活道德原则,而影响道德判断和推理;移情水平的高低影响着道德动机,进而决定了个体能否作出正确的道德抉择并完成道德行动. 相似文献
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刘秋竹 《乐山师范学院学报》2009,24(7):124-125,140
柯尔伯格道德认知发展理论认为儿童的道德认知发展水平经历连续的三个水平,即前习俗水平、习俗水平和后习俗水平。他通过设计道德两难问题来考察和促进儿童的道德认知发展。在语文教学中也经常面临两难的情境,因此,我们可以从柯尔伯格的道德认知发展理论中获得启示用以指导我们的语文教学,促进学生的发展。 相似文献
11.
史玉玲 《河南职业技术师范学院学报(职业教育版)》2008,(4):77-80
面对学生道德发展中知行脱离的问题,道德发展认知理论尤其是柯尔伯格的三水平六阶段以及在此基础提出的道德教育模式为解决此类问题起到了指导作用。柯尔伯格的道德发展三水平六阶段：前习俗水平,包括服从与惩罚道德定向阶段和工具定向阶段;习俗水平,好孩子道德定向阶段和维护权威与秩序的道德定向阶段;后习俗水平,包括社会契约的道德定向阶段和普遍原则道德定向阶段。两种道德教育模式：道德讨论模式和公正团体模式。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Educational Research》1998,27(7):629-641
This study examined ethical development among kibbutz adolescents from the perspective of Erik Erikson’s model of value orientation stages. The purpose was threefold: to examine the longitudinal patterns of value-orientation stage change, to assess the impact of kibbutz education on value orientation development, and to clarify the empirical relationship between value orientation and moral judgment stages. The findings suggested that value-orientation stage change was gradual, upward, and with few regressions. Furthermore, there were no significant sex differences. The empirical relationship between value orientation and moral judgment stages varied from early adolescence to early adulthood underscoring the importance of a life-span perspective on moral development. 相似文献
13.
Family Interactions and the Development of Moral Reasoning 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The study examined parents' role in their children's moral reasoning development. Parents' level of moral reasoning and interaction styles used in discussion of moral issues with their child were used to predict the child's moral development over a subsequent 2-year interval. Participants were 63 family triads (mother, father, and child) with children drawn from grades 1, 4, 7, and 10. They individually responded to a moral reasoning interview and then, as a family, discussed both a hypothetical and real-life moral dilemma. Children were reinterviewed 2 years later. Results indicated that parents did accommodate to their child's level of moral reasoning when in actual dialogue. Distinct differences in interaction styles were found between the 2 contexts (hypothetical vs. real-life dilemma discussion) and between parents and children. Children's moral development was best predicted by a parental discussion style that involved Socratic questioning and supportive interactions, combined with the presentation of higher-level moral reasoning. Implications of these findings for the understanding of parents' role in children's moral development are discussed. 相似文献
14.
Following criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral judgment, an empirical re-examination of hierarchical stage structure was desirable. Utilizing Piaget's concept of reflective abstraction as a basis, the hierarchical stage structure was investigated using a new method. Study participants (553 Dutch university students and 196 Russian high school students) sorted statements in terms of moral sophistication. These statements were typical for the different stages of moral development as defined in Colby and Kohlberg. The rank ordering performed by participants confirmed the hypotheses. First, despite large individual variation, the ordering of the statements that gave the best fit revealed that each consecutive Kohlbergian stage was perceived to be more morally sophisticated. Second, the lower the stage as represented by the items, the higher the agreement among the participants in their ranking; and the higher the stage as represented by the items, the lower the agreement among the participants in the rankings. Moreover, the pivotal point depended on the developmental characteristics of the sample, which demonstrated a developmental effect: The ordering of statements representative of moral stages below one's own current stage was straightforward, whereas the ordering of statements above one's own stage was difficult. It was concluded that the Piagetian idea of reflective abstraction can be used successfully to operationalize and measure the hierarchical nature of moral development. 相似文献
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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(4):423-438
ABSTRACTThe Defining Issues Test (DIT) has been the dominant measure of moral development. The DIT has its roots in Kohlberg’s original stage theory of moral judgment development and asks respondents to rank a set of stage typed statements in order of importance on six stories. However, the question to what extent the DIT-data match the underlying stage model was never addressed with a statistical model. Therefore, we applied item response theory (IRT) to a large data set (55,319 cases). We found that the ordering of the stages as extracted from the raw data fitted the ordering in the underlying stage model good. Furthermore, difficulty differences of stages across the stories were found and their magnitude and location were visualized. These findings are compatible with the notion of one latent moral developmental dimension and lend support to the hundreds of studies that have used the DIT-1 and by implication support the renewed DIT-2. 相似文献
16.
Mother-child discourse, attachment security, shared positive affect, and early conscience development 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The separate literatures on parental discipline, maternal discourse about emotion, and autobiographical memory support the idea that parent-child discourse in the context of a supportive relationship plays a role in a child's early conscience development, and this study was designed to examine this issue. Forty-two preschool children and their mothers took part in a 45-min structured laboratory session, and at their homes, mothers completed the Attachment Q-Set. As part of the laboratory session, each mother was asked to discuss with her child one incident that occurred within the last week in which her child behaved well and one in which her child misbehaved. These conversations were transcribed verbatim and coded for maternal references to feelings, rules, consequences of the child's actions, and moral evaluatives. Each child also took part in a behavioral measure of internalization and several compliance tasks, and mothers completed a maternal report of the child's early conscience development. Consistent with attachment theory, attachment security predicted maternal and child references to feelings and moral evaluatives. Attachment security, shared positive affect between the mother and child, and maternal references to feelings and moral evaluatives also predicted specific aspects of early conscience development. 相似文献
17.
Lawrence Kohlberg 《教育心理学家》2013,48(1):2-4
It is argued that much of the ineffectiveness of schools in producing change is due to the educational psychologists’ moral relativity, identified with an “industrial psychologist”; model. Such relativity can result in defining educational aims in terms of “social adjustment,”; an approach that is said to have no empirical basis, or in terms of a “bag of virtues,”; an approach that is said to suffer from lack of agreement on what the virtues should be. A developmental‐philosophic strategy for defining aims of education is proposed as a solution. In this approach, the assumption is made that each later stage of moral development reflects a more adequate equilibration with the environment, and it therefore follows that what is at later stages is what ought to be. The universality of moral stages is documented and the stimulation of moral development in school and prison settings through a cognitive conflict procedure is illustrated. 相似文献
18.
朱天曙 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,24(4):462-465
郑板桥民本思想的发展分为三个阶段：做官前的早年生涯为形成期;官宦时期为深化期和补期;卸官后的晚年为皈依期。其民本思想的内涵经历了“爱人”－“好人”－“修身”的发展过程。民本思想对其艺术创作产生了巨大的影响。 相似文献
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诚信是一项重要的道德规范,其特征是关系的双向性和直接践行性。学生的诚信发展过程就是学生的诚信心理结构日趋完善与成熟的过程。学生诚信发展主要经历三个阶段,即人际诚信为主要特征的诚信发展阶段、群体诚信为主要特征的诚信发展阶段和社会诚信为主要特征的诚信发展阶段。在前面研究的基础上,最后笔者总结出诚信教育的总体特征,并分析了各阶段诚信教育的要点。 相似文献
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《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):257-264
Abstract: Cognitive developmental research has neglected the very early stages of moral development. Three recent attempts to fill this gap are briefly described. The first is Martin Hoffman's stage theory account of the origins of empathy. The second is Selman's theory of the development of social perspective‐taking. The third is Damon's account of the development of ‘positive justice’ in early childhood. The implications of these approaches for early moral education are then discussed. 相似文献