共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 916 毫秒
1.
2.
分析了国际上和中国赛艇队对功率评价与赛艇水陆训练强度控制问题的有关研究，对于如何把赛艇陆上测试的功与功率与水上的运动强度统一起来，如何运用功和功率在水陆训练整体评价运动员体能的方法进行了分析；对如何建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整的国家标准和体系进行了探讨。通过水上测试与陆上测功仪的功率数据的合理对应，能准确发现各种技能的细节问题，结合生化指标测试，就可能迅速建立起赛艇水陆训练强度测评统一、完整、先进的国家标准和体系，对2008年奥运会中国体能项目的全面突破和“119工程”的完成有实质的意义。 相似文献
3.
应用生物力学知识,对蹦床运动的下落着网技术进行了分析和总结,介绍了符合力学原理及规则要求的蹦床着网技术,对进一步提高成套动作的稳定性具有特别重要的意义。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Accuracy of qualitative analysis for assessment of skilled baseball pitching technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nicholls R Fleisig G Elliott B Lyman S Osinski E 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2003,2(2):213-226
Baseball pitching must be performed with correct technique if injuries are to be avoided and performance maximized. High-speed video analysis is accepted as the most accurate and objective method for evaluation of baseball pitching mechanics. The aim of this research was to develop an equivalent qualitative analysis method for use with standard video equipment. A qualitative analysis protocol (QAP) was developed for 24 kinematic variables identified as important to pitching performance. Twenty male baseball pitchers were videotaped using 60 Hz camcorders, and their technique evaluated using the QAP, by two independent raters. Each pitcher was also assessed using a 6-camera 200 Hz Motion Analysis system (MAS). Four QAP variables (22%) showed significant similarity with MAS results. Inter-rater reliability showed agreement on 33% of QAP variables. It was concluded that a complete and accurate profile of an athlete's pitching mechanics cannot be made using the QAP in its current form, but it is possible such simple forms of biomechanical analysis could yield accurate results before 3-D methods become obligatory. 相似文献
7.
Factors that affect boat speed are important determinants of rowing performance and should form the basis of feedback to rowers and their coaches. Biomechanical analysis of rowing has led to variables that are causally linked to boat speed. With modern technology, these variables can be measured and feedback can be presented instantaneously on-water, or be presented simultaneously with video after the event. This paper demonstrates the links between the criterion of success in rowing, the time for completing 2000 m and the forces acting on the boat, and describes an instrumentation system for providing feedback of these variables to rowers and coaches. These feedback techniques have been used with rowers from national to Olympic competition standard. Aspects of technique have been linked to the determinants of boat speed and several examples are presented here. The motor learning literature supports the effectiveness of kinetic information feedback for the improvement of motor skill and provides a relevant conceptual framework for the improvement of rowing performance. However, although rowers and their coaches value this feedback, further research must be undertaken to establish a sound basis for comparing the effectiveness of such feedback compared with traditional styles, such as verbal feedback of performance. 相似文献
8.
Factors that affect boat speed are important determinants of rowing performance and should form the basis of feedback to rowers and their coaches. Biomechanical analysis of rowing has led to variables that are causally linked to boat speed. With modern technology, these variables can be measured and feedback can be presented instantaneously on-water, or be presented simultaneously with video after the event. This paper demonstrates the links between the criterion of success in rowing, the time for completing 2000 m and the forces acting on the boat, and describes an instrumentation system for providing feedback of these variables to rowers and coaches. These feedback techniques have been used with rowers from national to Olympic competition standard. Aspects of technique have been linked to the determinants of boat speed and several examples are presented here. The motor learning literature supports the effectiveness of kinetic information feedback for the improvement of motor skill and provides a relevant conceptual framework for the improvement of rowing performance. However, although rowers and their coaches value this feedback, further research must be undertaken to establish a sound basis for comparing the effectiveness of such feedback compared with traditional styles, such as verbal feedback of performance. 相似文献
9.
Qualitative biomechanical principles for application in coaching 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Many aspects of human movements in sport can be readily understood by Newtonian rigid-body mechanics. Many of these laws and biomechanical principles, however, are counterintuitive to a lot of people. There are also several problems in the application of biomechanics to sports, so the application of biomechanics in the qualitative analysis of sport skills by many coaches has been limited. Biomechanics scholars have long been interested in developing principles that facilitate the qualitative application of biomechanics to improve movement performance and reduce the risk of injury. This paper summarizes the major North American efforts to establish a set of general biomechanical principles of movement, and illustrates how principles can be used to improve the application of biomechanics in the qualitative analysis of sport technique. A coach helping a player with a tennis serve is presented as an example. The standardization of terminology for biomechanical principles is proposed as an important first step in improving the application ofbiomechanics in sport. There is also a need for international cooperation and research on the effectiveness of applying biomechanical principles in the coaching of sport techniques. 相似文献
10.
Jackie L. Hudson 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):115-121
Abstract This study was designed to examine the use of selected biomechanical variables in the prediction of basketball skill. The subjects were college women in three mutually exclusive groups of basketball skill: an elite group of six competitors on the United States team in the World University Games, a good group of seven players on a varsity team, and a poor group of nine members of an instructional class. An accuracy test and digitized film records provided the data for 12 variables related to the process or product of free throw shooting. Discriminant analysis was employed to predict the categorical variable of skill. The most discrimination came from variables of accuracy, stability, and height of release rather than from variables of projection. Poor shooters were distinguished by instability; elite shooters were characterized by a high point of release and accuracy under pressure. Depending on the method of prediction, rates for correct classification of subjects ranged from 76–100%. Thus, it appears that discriminant analysis using biomechanical variables can be a successful tool in the prediction of basketball skill. 相似文献
11.
The long jump has been widely studied in recent years. Two models exist in the literature which define the relationship between selected variables that affect performance. Both models suggest that the critical phase of the long jump event is the touch-down to take-off phase, as it is in this phase that the necessary vertical velocity is generated. Many three dimensional studies of the long jump exist, but the only studies to have reported detailed data on this phase were two-dimensional in nature. In these, the poor relationships obtained between key variables and performance led to the suggestion that there may be some relevant information in data in the third dimension. The aims of this study were to conduct a three-dimensional analysis of the touch-down to take-off phase in the long jump and to explore the interrelationships between key variables. Fourteen male long jumpers were filmed using three-dimensional methods during the finals of the 1994 (n = 8) and 1995 (n = 6) UK National Championships. Various key variables for the long jump were used in a series of correlational and multiple regression analyses. The relationships between key variables when correlated directly one-to-one were generally poor. However, when analysed using a multiple regression approach, a series of variables was identified which supported the general principles outlined in the two models. These variables could be interpreted in terms of speed, technique and strength. We concluded that in the long jump, variables that are important to performance are interdependent and can only be identified by using appropriate statistical techniques. This has implications for a better understanding of the long jump event and it is likely that this finding can be generalized to other technical sports skills. 相似文献
12.
Oar force and oar angle data resulting from a 6‐min maximal rowing ergometer test undertaken by novice (n = 9), good (n ‐ 23) and national (n = 9) level male rowers, were used to identify biomechanical performance variables which accurately discriminated between rowers of differing ability levels. The variables included two work capacity measures, mean propulsive power output per kilogram of body mass (W kg‐1) and propulsive work consistency (%), and two skill variables, stroke‐to‐stroke consistency (%) and stroke smoothness (%). Discriminant function analysis indicated the presence of two functions, both of which clearly indicated the importance of mean propulsive power output per kilogram of body mass as a discriminating variable. Function 2 gave greater weight to stroke‐to‐stroke consistency and stroke smoothness than function 1; however, function 1 was the most powerful discriminator. Classification procedures were used to predict the ability level to which a rower most likely belonged and involved defining the ‘distance’ between each rower and each ability level centroid, with the rower being classified into the ‘nearest’ ability level. These procedures indicated that 100% of the elite, 73.9% of the good, 88.9% of the novice and 82.9% of all rowers were correctly classified into their respective skill levels. Stepwise discriminant analysis included the variables in the following order: mean propulsive power output per kilogram of body mass, stroke‐to‐stroke consistency, stroke smoothness and propulsive work consistency (P < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that biomechanical performance variables related to rowing capacity and skill may be identified and used to discriminate accurately between rowers of differing skill levels, and that, of these variables, propulsive work consistency is the least effective discriminator. 相似文献
13.
14.
The long jump has been widely studied in recent years. Two models exist in the literature which define the relationship between selected variables that affect performance. Both models suggest that the critical phase of the long jump event is the touch-down to take-off phase, as it is in this phase that the necessary vertical velocity is generated. Many three dimensional studies of the long jump exist, but the only studies to have reported detailed data on this phase were two-dimensional in nature. In these, the poor relationships obtained between key variables and performance led to the suggestion that there may be some relevant information in data in the third dimension. The aims of this study were to conduct a three-dimensional analysis of the touch-down to take-off phase in the long jump and to explore the interrelationships between key variables. Fourteen male long jumpers were filmed using three-dimensional methods during the finals of the 1994 (n = 8) and 1995 (n = 6) UK National Championships. Various key variables for the long jump were used in a series of correlational and multiple regression analyses. The relationships between key variables when correlated directly one-to-one were generally poor. However, when analysed using a multiple regression approach, a series of variables was identified which supported the general principles outlined in the two models. These variables could be interpreted in terms of speed, technique and strength. We concluded that in the long jump, variables that are important to performance are interdependent and can only be identified by using appropriate statistical techniques. This has implications for a better understanding of the long jump event and it is likely that this finding can be generalized to other technical sports skills. 相似文献
15.
Bahadorreza Ofoghi John Zeleznikow Clare MacMahon Markus Raab 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(3):171-186
Sophisticated data analytical methods such as data mining, where the focus is upon exploration and developing new insights, are becoming increasingly useful tools in analysing elite sports performance data and supporting decision making that is crucial to gaining success. In this article, we investigate the different data mining demands of elite sports with respect to a number of features that describe sport competitions. The aim is to more structurally connect the sports and data mining domains through: (a) describing a framework for categorizing elite sports, and (b) understanding the analytical demands of different performance analysis problems. Therefore, we review different aspects such as sport categories and performance analysis requirements that influence each stage in sports data mining. We also present a model bringing together performance analysis requirements, data mining methods, data mining techniques, and technique characteristics. This will assist both data scientists and sport professionals to more effectively collaborate and contribute to success in elite sport events. 相似文献
16.
研究目的是在排球比赛中建立、发展和评价二维牵连技术运用性能的分析模型。结果显示:在第1步和第2步转换的二方面有明显的依赖关系,包括一个技术性能效果被前置技术性能质量高度影响。另外,我们预期作为排球运动中牵连技术性能分析的模型,将为运动科学作为范例和促进因素,去进一步调查其它运动性能方面的基础概率结构。 相似文献
17.
《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(2):107-123
Most skill acquisition studies examine pre-post performance test differences using t test or analysis of variance methods. These methods assume independence of variance across trials. That is, the error associated with Trial 1 is uncorrelated with Trial 2 error. This statistical approach is founded on the assumption that information from early trials does not affect later performance. In the case of within-subject performance change, this assumption may be challenged. The purpose of this review is to explore the utility of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA; McCleary & Hay, 1980) modeling to describe the process of skill acquisition. ARIMA modeling assumes correlation of variances between prior and current performance. Older and younger participants who performed 300 trials of a modified Stroop task produced the data used in this assessment. Group models suggested similar performance trends; however, these group models fail to recognize significant individual variation in skill acquisition patterns across both groups. 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):893-901
AbstractThe capturing of movements by means of wearable sensors has become increasingly popular in order to obtain sport performance measures during training or competition. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of using body worn accelerometers to identify previous highlighted performance related biomechanical changes in terms of substantial differences across skill levels and skating phases. Twenty-two ice hockey players of different caliber were equipped with two 3D accelerometers, located on the skate and the waist, as they performed 30 m forward skating sprints on an ice rink. Two measures of the temporal stride characteristics (contact time and stride time) and one measure of the propulsive power (stride propulsion) of a skating stride were calculated and checked for discriminating effects across (i) skill levels and (ii) sprint phases as well as for their (iii) strength of association with the sprint performance (total sprint time). High caliber players showed an increased stride propulsion (+22%, P?<?0.05) and shorter contact time (?5%, P?<?0.05). All three analysed variables highlighted substantial biomechanical differences between the accelerative and constant velocity phases (P?<?0.05). Stride propulsion of acceleration strides primarily correlated to total sprint time (r?=??0.57, P?<?0.05). The results demonstrate the potential of accelerometers to assess skating technique elements such as contact time or elements characterizing the propulsive power such as center of mass acceleration, to gauge skating performance. Thus, the findings of this study might contribute to establishing wearable sensors for in-field ice hockey skating performance analysis. 相似文献
19.
20.
Matteo Zago Marina Codari Massimo Grilli Giuseppe Bellistri Nicola Lovecchio 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2016,15(2):234-244
We explored the biomechanics of the 180° change-of-direction with the ball (half-turn) in soccer. We aimed at identifying movement strategies which enhance the players’ half-turning performance, by characterising technique kinematics and understanding the structure of biomechanical and anthropometrics variables. Ten Under-13 sub-elite male players were recorded with an optoelectronic motion analyser while performing a 5-m straight dribbling followed by a half-turn with the sole. Joints kinematics differences between faster and slower trials were found in support-side hip rotation, driving-side hip adduction, trunk flexion and rotation, and arms abduction. To unveil the data-set structure, a principal component (PC) analysis and a stepwise linear discriminant analysis were performed using 30 biomechanical parameters and four anthropometric variables for each trial. Seven retained PCs explained 79% of the overall variability, featuring combinations of original variables that help in understanding the factors facilitating fast half-turns: keeping short steps, minimising lateral and forward body movements, and centre-of-mass lowering, even with ample lower limbs ranges of motion (RoM); abducting the upper limbs while limiting trunk flexion and pelvic inclination RoM. Balance and task-constrained exercises may be proposed to improve this technique. Moreover, a quantitative knowledge of the movement structure could give coaches objective insights to better instruct young players. 相似文献