共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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比较汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和阅读正常儿童完成同音语素分辨任务和语素构词任务的情况,测查汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的语素分辨及运用能力。研究一考察了语素分辨能力,结果发现:与阅读正常儿童相比,阅读障碍儿童完成语素分辨任务的反应时更长、准确率更低。研究二考察了语素运用能力,结果发现:与阅读正常儿童相比,阅读障碍儿童完成语素运用相关任务的反应时更长、正确率更低。两个研究的结果提示我们,汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童存在语素意识缺陷,从语素分辨能力到语素运用能力的落后,说明语素意识缺陷是造成汉语发展性阅读障碍的重要原因,汉语的语素意识在儿童阅读中起着至关重要的作用。 相似文献
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本文从心理语言学层面分析了语音意识、正字法意识、语素意识和快速命名等语言加工技能对儿童发展性阅读障碍的影响。这些分析有助于发现阅读障碍儿童不同的认知缺陷模式背后的共同本质属性,为探索发展性阅读障碍矫治的一般规律提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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发展性阅读障碍一直是心理学家关注的重要领域。国外研究者基于认知和生物因素提出了关于发展性阅读障碍的语音缺陷、小脑缺陷、一般性大细胞功能障碍等理论,并考察了患者的眼动特征,提出了有效的诊治方法。汉语发展性阅读障碍研究主要局限在语音和正字法领域,也涉及局部脑区的功能缺陷,但还未从多角度测查其成因,如眼动。该文在理论梳理的基础上,系统探讨了发展性阅读障碍患者的眼动特征及机制。 相似文献
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《佳木斯教育学院学报》2016,(6)
在汉语发展性阅读障碍研究领域,研究者越来越关注语素意识。而语素意识缺陷是否为汉语阅读障碍的核心缺陷,这一争论到目前尚未有定论。不过,语素意识在汉语阅读中确实有着非常重要的作用。本文通过查阅各种文献,对汉语发展性阅读障碍的语素意识缺陷研究做了一个梳理。 相似文献
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本文旨在探讨汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童的语言加工技能缺陷及其对汉语阅读的影响.以58对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童和正常对照组儿童为被试,进行语音意识、语素意识、命名速度和汉语阅读技能测试.结果发现:(1)汉语发展性阅读障碍组各项语言加工技能指标均低于对照组;(2)各项语言加工技能与汉语识字及阅读理解均有中等程度相关,可 在一定程度上预测汉语阅读水平,但总预测率低于50％;(3)识字水平在各项语言加工技能与阅读理解之间均起完全中介作用.研究结果显示:语言加工缺陷是汉语发展性阅读障碍 的重要发生机制,它通过影响识字水平进而影响阅读理解水平. 相似文献
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汉语阅读障碍研究是近年来我国学习困难领域研究的热点,我国近10年来对汉语阅读障碍儿童的语言加工研究主要涉及语音意识、语素意识、正字法加工、语义加工四个方面。作者对这四方面的研究内容进行了归纳分析,同时对现有研究的趋势及不足进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童语音意识特点 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过比较四年级的维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童和普通儿童在不同表征水平上的语音意识能力,发现在有关语音意识若干因素的测验上,阅读障碍儿童只是在音位意识上比普通儿童落后;而在其它更大表征单元的语音意识能力上,如音节意识和首音-韵脚意识上阅读障碍儿童没有落后.表明具有透明正字法的维吾尔语发展性阅读障碍儿童在细小的语音表征和操作能力上存在落后,表现出了跨文字一致性特点;在较大单元的语音表征和操作能力上不存在落后,表现出了透明文字的特点. 相似文献
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本文对拼音文字体系的发展性阅读障碍儿童的语音意识研究进行了总结,在此基础上针对汉语发展性阅读障碍儿童语音意识的研究进行分析,归纳.汉语阅读障碍儿童语音意识研究的被试取样、筛查标准、测验方法存在问题,导致语音意识的研究结论差异比较大.最后,探讨了汉语的特异性,语音意识研究应该切合汉语的特点,在被试取样、筛查标准、测验内容等方面规范该领域的研究. 相似文献
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Temporal processing in dyslexia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The temporal processing capabilities of 15 children with dyslexia versus 15 age-matched and 15 reading-matched controls in a word identification task were examined. The hypothesis underlying the present experiment was that word recognition would be inferior in children with dyslexia, relative to controls, when the task demanded the temporal integration (sequencing) of two-syllable words. Such a hypothesis must predict that one-syllable word recognition does not distinguish between these two populations and that these effects cannot be accounted for in terms of eye movement differences. To test this hypothesis, one- and two-syllable words displayed for 100, 300, and 3,000 msec were required to be identified. The results yielded evidence of decreased accuracy of word identification by the children with dyslexia in the two-syllable, 300-msec condition, as predicted. A second experiment was unable to uncover any differences in eye movement behaviors that could account for the effects observed in the first experiment. The results are discussed in terms of potential sequential processing deficits in individuals with dyslexia. 相似文献
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Research demonstrates that phonological skills provide the basis of reading acquisition and are a primary processing deficit in dyslexia. This consensus has led to the development of effective methods of reading intervention. However, a single phonological deficit is not sufficient to account for the heterogeneity of individuals with dyslexia, and recent research provides evidence that supports a multiple-deficit model of reading disorders. Two studies are presented that investigate (1) the prevalence of phonological and cognitive processing deficit profiles in children with significant reading disability and (2) the effects of those same phonological and cognitive processing skills on reading development in a sample of children that received treatment for dyslexia. The results are discussed in the context of implications for identification and an intervention approach that accommodates multiple deficits within a comprehensive skills-based reading program. 相似文献
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学习困难儿童观看图片的眼动研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文探讨了学习困难儿童(学困儿童)观看图片过程的认知加工及眼动特性。要求被试观看图片后回答相关问题,并对观看过程中的眼动情况进行记录。结果发现,与学习优秀儿童、学习一般儿童相比,学困儿童提取图片信息的效率低,完成认知任务的质量差;在眼动参数上,学困儿童的注视次数多,眼跳距离小,与其他两组儿童相比差异显著。结果提示,学困儿童认知加工效率低与眼动模式差关系密切。 相似文献
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Phonological difficulties characterize children with developmental dyslexia across languages, but whether impaired auditory processing underlies these phonological difficulties is debated. Here the causal question is addressed by exploring whether individual differences in sensory processing predict the development of phonological awareness in 86 English-speaking lower- and middle-class children aged 8 years in 2005 who had dyslexia, or were age-matched typically developing children, some with exceptional reading/high IQ. The predictive relations between auditory processing and phonological development are robust for this sample even when phonological awareness at Time 1 (the autoregressor) is controlled. High reading/IQ does not much impact these relations. The data suggest that basic sensory abilities are significant longitudinal predictors of growth in phonological awareness in children. 相似文献
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John M. Reddington Kel D. Cameron 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1991,38(2):171-203
THIS DOUBLE‐BLIND experiment investigated various aspects of visual and auditory problems related to dyslexia. Seventeen children with dyslexia aged 7.25 to 10.25 years were compared with 17 normal readers matched for CA and intellectual ability. A speech perception task which measured the subjects’ auditory threshold level significantly separated the two groups. No difference was found when this task was performed at 35 dB above individual threshold levels. A significant difference between groups was found for the Form Constancy Subtest of the Frostig Developmental Test of Visual Perception (DTVP) (1966). A significant negative correlation found between these measures for the dyslexics, but not for the normal readers, supports previous evidence for auditory and visual subtypes in dyslexia. Various optometric measures were also examined. Four dyslexics, but no normal readers, suffered fixation disparity. This difference was significant. Six representative subjects of each group were compared for eye tracking in reading. The word span of the dyslexics was significantly smaller than that of the normal readers. A multiple discriminant analysis incorporating the auditory threshold task, form constancy, fusional reserves (distance, negative), accommodation right eye and heterophoria significantly discriminated the two reading groups. The perceptual variables were more heavily weighted than the optometric measures. It was concluded that while eye tracking and binocular fusion problems should always be considered in the assessment of dyslexics, factors involved in information processing in auditory and visual perception appear to be those which are more highly implicated. 相似文献
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发展性阅读障碍儿童语篇阅读中的笔画数效应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用识字量测试、拼音测试、阅读理解测试、正字法测试、快速命名测试五项测试任务从小学五年级120名学生和小学三年级132名学生中筛选出五年级11名阅读障碍生和三年级12名能力匹配生,利用眼动技术对汉语阅读障碍儿童语篇阅读过程的眼动特征及其视觉认知加工特点进行了初步探索。结果表明：两组被试在平均注视时间、平均眼跳幅度和总注视时间三项指标上均没有显著差异,在目标词的眼动指标上也差异不显著。两组被试均发现显著的笔画数效应。以上结果支持了发展性阅读障碍只是一般的发展落后的观点。 相似文献
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It is commonly assumed that children with dyslexia are slower at handwriting than other children. However, evidence of slow handwriting in children with dyslexia is very mixed. Thirty-one children with dyslexia, aged 9 years, were compared to both age-matched children and younger spelling-ability matched children. Participants completed an alphabet-writing task and a composition task on the surface of a digital writing tablet. Children with dyslexia wrote the same amount of letters per minute in the alphabet task but wrote fewer words per minute when composing their texts than children of the same age. Crucially, no differences were found between children with dyslexia and their same age peers for speed of handwriting execution, measured by the tablet, when writing the alphabet or composing their texts. However, children with dyslexia were found to pause within their compositions as often as the spelling ability matched group. Thus handwriting execution is not impaired in children with dyslexia. The slow writing that is typical of children with dyslexia is due to pausing more often when composing and is related to spelling ability. This may reflect processing problems in response to high cognitive load through having to contend with spelling and composing concurrently. 相似文献
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L S Siegel 《Journal of learning disabilities》1992,25(10):618-629
The purpose of this study was to determine whether children with dyslexia, that is, children whose reading levels were significantly lower than would be predicted by their IQ scores, constituted a distinctive group when compared with poor readers, that is, children whose reading scores were consistent with their IQ scores. The performance of children with dyslexia, poor readers, and normally achieving readers was compared on a variety of reading, spelling, phonological processing, language, and memory tasks. Although the children with dyslexia had significantly higher IQ scores than the poor readers, these two groups did not differ in their performance on reading, spelling, phonological processing, or most of the language and memory tasks. In all cases, the performance of both reading disabled groups was significantly below that of nondisabled readers. The findings were similar whether absolute difference or regression scores were used. Reading disabled children, whether or not their reading is significantly below the level predicted by their IQ scores, experience significant problems in phonological processing, short-term and working memory, and syntactic awareness. On the basis of these data, there does not seem to be a need to differentiate between individuals with dyslexia and poor readers. Both of these groups are reading disabled and have deficits in phonological processing, verbal memory, and syntactic awareness. 相似文献