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1.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that dynamic assessment based instruction increases children’s learning by using
a quasi-experimental research design in Korea. In this study, dynamic assessment is defined as a measurement method of the
zone of proximal development (ZPD) as well as the qualitative and quantitative diagnostic information for individual children.
In addition, dynamic assessment based instruction is defined as a teaching method using the diagnostic information types in
order to increase children’s learning. In this study, 59 children between the ages of 4 and 5 participated. Three types of
number concept achievement tests (pre-test, parallel test, and post-test) for each age group were developed and the content
validity, face validity, and split-half reliability were examined. After conducting the pre-test, the children of each age
group were divided into an experimental group and a control group. Dynamic assessment based instruction regarding number concepts
was undertaken only with the experimental group for 4 weeks. Both groups took a post-test after completing the 4 weeks of
classes. The ANCOVA technique wa ls used for data analysis. The result of this study shows that dynamic assessment based instruction
has a significant effect on children’s learning of number concepts (in the case of 4-year-old children, F = 12.34, p<0.01;
5-year-old children, F = 20.03, P<0.01). Therefore, dynamic assessment based instruction should be used widely for children’s
cognitive learning. 相似文献
2.
Gultekin Cakmakci Ozge Tosun Sebnem Turgut Sefika Orenler Kubra Sengul Gokce Top 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2011,9(3):627-655
This study aims at investigating the effects of a teaching intervention, the design of which is informed by evidence from
educational theories and research data, on students’ images of scientists. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent
pre-test–post-test control group (CG) was used to compare the outcomes of the intervention. The subjects of the study were
63 grade 6 (aged 12 and 13) students who were in two different classes and taught by two different teachers. The study was
undertaken in ten class hours over a 4-week period, during which the topics related to matter and heat concepts were covered
as a part of the regular Turkish Science and Technology Curriculum. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference between the two classes in terms of their achievements in the
Science and Technology course (t(63) = −0.943, p > 0.05). Accordingly, one of the classes was randomly selected as the experimental group (EG). A modified version of the
Draw-a-Scientist Test, in conjunction with individual interviews, was used to assess students’ images of scientists at the
beginning and end of the study. The results showed that students who had followed evidence-informed instruction had significant
gains from the pre-test to the post-test regarding their images of scientists compared to students with traditional instruction.
Many students in the EG started to view scientists as realistic people rather than as extraordinary people or mythical creatures.
Nevertheless, several students in the CG held images of scientists and their work which fit a stereotype of scientists as
male, bald, bespectacled, wearing a laboratory coat, working alone in a laboratory environment and having a limited social
life. Some possible implications for teaching and further research are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Muammer ?alik Ali Kolomu? Zafer Karag?lge 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(5):422-433
This paper reports on an investigation of the effect of conceptual change pedagogy on students’ conceptions of ‘rate of reaction’
concepts. The study used a pre-test/post-test non-equivalent comparison group design approach and the sample consisted of
72 Turkish grade-11 students (aged 16–18 years) selected from two intact classrooms. The ‘Rate of Reaction’ Concept Test comprising
9 lead and 10 sub-questions (total 19 items) was employed. The results suggest that the teaching intervention helped the students
to overcome their alternative conceptions and to store their newly structured knowledge in their long-term memories. It is
suggested that combining different conceptual change methods such conceptual change text/refutation text, argumentation with
the intervention used here may be more effective in reducing student alternative conceptions. 相似文献
4.
Vasilios Grammatikopoulos Nikolaos Tsigilis Athanasios Koustelios Yannis Theodorakis 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2005,40(5):427-438
The aim of this study was to develop an instrument for evaluating how an education program has been implemented. Such evaluation
can provide insight into the effectiveness of a program. Examined here was the Olympic Education Program used in Greek schools
since 2000. In it, students learn the history of the Olympic games and the importance of exercise for health along with the
principles and values of sports and volunteerism. The evaluation instrument underlying this study addressed the following
six factors: ‘facilities’, ‘administration’, ‘educational material’, ‘student–teacher relationships’, ‘educational procedures’,
and ‘training’. Results indicate that the instrument, while adequate for assessing effectiveness, should be combined with
advanced statistical methods. 相似文献
5.
The ‘Green Classroom’ in the Botanical Garden of Ulm is an experiential learning forum outside school. Its educational concept
is based on experimental learning and is geared towards expanding biological knowledge and developing positive attitudes towards
small animals such as invertebrates and insects. The attitudes of 68 school students towards small animals, before and after
they visited the ‘Green Classroom’, were assessed and the answers they gave in their questionnaires were compared with those
of 60 students froma control group that was not yet exposed to this learning environment. Although the students spent only
one morning in the ‘Green Classroom’, some of their attitudes towards small animals improved after their visit. These studies
underscore the necessity for direct observation and familiarization of the environment including small animals such as invertebrates
and insects for appreciating issues related to biodiversity and conservation. 相似文献
6.
Jos A. R. Arts Wim H. Gijselaers Mien S. R. Segers 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2006,21(1):71-90
Instructional designs, embedding learning in meaningful contexts such as problem-based learning (PBL) are increasingly used
for fostering expertise to prepare students for the demands of the future workplace. However, cognitive outcomes of these
curricula in terms of expertise outcomes are not always conclusive. Based on the instructional implications resulted from
research in the field of expertise development in general and in PBL curricula more specifically, we constructed and implemented
a refined PBL design. With this redesign, we aimed for a more advanced level of (a) knowledge acquisition and use, (b) reasoning
directionality, (c) diagnostic and problem solving accuracy.
The aim of the present research was to compare the outcomes of a ‘traditional’ and a ‘refined’ PBL learning environment. For
that purpose we measured the effects of the redesign on the students’ expertise profile. An experiment was conducted in a
second year course on International Marketing. In the study 75 students participated. Using a multidimensional coding scheme,
constructed on the basis of results of expertise research, we analysed students’ problem-solving performance. The results
of this analysis indicate hat the experimental students outperformed the control students in various aspects of expertise
when analyzing the problem: The experimental group demonstrated a more extensive use of domain-specific concepts and inferences,
more inductive reasoning, and both diagnoses and solutions of higher quality. 相似文献
7.
The aim of this paper is to valuate the applicability of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and the concept of dynamic assessment
to the problem of assessing reading comprehension in English as a third language (L3). The study was conducted with immigrant
students from Ethiopia studying at pre-academic centers in Israel. The assessment procedure included a pre-test, mediation,
and post-test. The pre-test was based on a standard reading comprehension placement exam. Based upon the pre-test material,
a very detailed analysis of the required pre-existing knowledge and necessary strategies was then mediated to the students.
The post-test was identical to the pre-test regarding structure, requirements in terms of pre-existing knowledge and strategies,
length, etc., but with different content. The results demonstrated: (1) A dynamic assessment procedure significantly improved
the text comprehension performance of L3 students; (2) The dynamic assessment procedure added information regarding students’
learning potential over and beyond their initial performance level; (3) The learning potential profile of immigrants from
Ethiopia is somewhat different from that of non-immigrant students. 相似文献
8.
The present study investigated the satisfaction of international students. The factor analysis revealed the three factors
of ‘learning and research’, ‘living and adaptation’ and ‘Japanese language ability’. The ten variables were used to predict
the satisfaction of international students and found five significant variables in predicating the satisfaction of international
students. These were suitability of curriculum, progress of research, having a good friend, cultural adaptation and part-time
work. Among these, the suitability of the curriculum was the most significant predictor. Furthermore, the path analysis for
learning and research indicated significant mutual causal relationships between research progress and supervisor’s advice.
The level of Japanese language skills is not necessarily required to receive advice from their supervisors, although Japanese
language skills help to understand the content of classes. 相似文献
9.
Jonathan D. Jansen 《Prospects》2001,31(4):553-564
The South African obsession with performance-based pedagogies, as I have shown, has negative implications for resolving equity problems in educational reforms; it threatens to negate a political debate about ‘goals’ in favour of a technician’s debate about ‘ends’; and it fragments knowledge into meaningless tasks that assign value to external behaviours rather than the multiplicity of ways in which learning and valuing can be experienced (if not always expressed). The real danger to building a strong democratic culture through education is that what should be vibrant debates about ‘what’s worth knowing’ could be effectively silenced in a performance assessment system that only values, through a complex assessment system, that which is worth doing. Such an understanding of education is, unfortunately, entrenched in a global network of economic and technological processes that make such pursuits appear both normal and inevitable. 相似文献
10.
The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the impact of Internet Virtual Physics Laboratory (IVPL) instruction
with traditional laboratory instruction in physics academic achievement, performance of science process skills, and computer
attitudes of tenth grade students. One-hundred and fifty students from four classes at one private senior high school in Taoyuan
Country, Taiwan, R.O.C. were sampled. All four classes contained 75 students who were equally divided into an experimental
group and a control group. The pre-test results indicated that the students’ entry-level physics academic achievement, science
process skills, and computer attitudes were equal for both groups. On the post-test, the experimental group achieved significantly
higher mean scores in physics academic achievement and science process skills. There was no significant difference in computer
attitudes between the groups. We concluded that the IVPL had potential to help tenth graders improve their physics academic
achievement and science process skills. 相似文献
11.
Laura Black Julian Williams Paul Hernandez-Martinez Pauline Davis Maria Pampaka Geoff Wake 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2010,73(1):55-72
The construct of identity has been used widely in mathematics education in order to understand how students (and teachers)
relate to and engage with the subject (Kaasila, 2007; Sfard & Prusak, 2005; Boaler, 2002). Drawing on cultural historical activity theory (CHAT), this paper adopts Leont’ev’s notion of leading activity in order to explore the key ‘significant’ activities that are implicated in the development of students’ reflexive understanding
of self and how this may offer differing relations with mathematics. According to Leont’ev (1981), leading activities are those which are significant to the development of the individual’s psyche through the emergence
of new motives for engagement. We suggest that alongside new motives for engagement comes a new understanding of self—a leading identity—which reflects a hierarchy of our motives. Narrative analysis of interviews with two students (aged 16–17 years old) in post-compulsory
education, Mary and Lee, are presented. Mary holds a stable ‘vocational’ leading identity throughout her narrative and, thus,
her motive for studying mathematics is defined by its ‘use value’ in terms of pursuing this vocation. In contrast, Lee develops
a leading identity which is focused on the activity of studying and becoming a university student. As such, his motive for
study is framed in terms of the exchange value of the qualifications he hopes to obtain. We argue that this empirical grounding
of leading activity and leading identity offers new insights into students’ identity development. 相似文献
12.
Emphasis on improving higher level biology education continues. A new two-step approach to the experimental phases within
an outreach gene technology lab, derived from cognitive load theory, is presented. We compared our approach using a quasi-experimental
design with the conventional one-step mode. The difference consisted of additional focused discussions combined with students
writing down their ideas (step one) prior to starting any experimental procedure (step two). We monitored students’ activities
during the experimental phases by continuously videotaping 20 work groups within each approach (N = 131). Subsequent classification of students’ activities yielded 10 categories (with well-fitting intra- and inter-observer
scores with respect to reliability). Based on the students’ individual time budgets, we evaluated students’ roles during experimentation
from their prevalent activities (by independently using two cluster analysis methods). Independently of the approach, two
common clusters emerged, which we labeled as ‘all-rounders’ and as ‘passive students’, and two clusters specific to each approach:
‘observers’ as well as ‘high-experimenters’ were identified only within the one-step approach whereas under the two-step conditions
‘managers’ and ‘scribes’ were identified. Potential changes in group-leadership style during experimentation are discussed,
and conclusions for optimizing science teaching are drawn. 相似文献
13.
As teacher-educators, we designed and implemented a small study that mapped teacher-education students' understandings of
their own identities and how they made sense of ethnicity and class differences among their secondary students while on teaching
rounds. While we didn't set out to ‘teach’ our research participants, it was during the analysis of data from the research
project, that we began to realise the potential of research to create opportunities for learning. In this paper we speculate
on the ‘conditions’ of knowledge production and suggest that the dialogic nature of interviews and focus group discussions
can offer pedagogical spaces for learning. Research designs that incorporate opportunities for participants to re-tell narratives
over periods of time, may position participants as experts in knowledge production and may reposition them and researchers
in more equitable power relations. We present an example of one participant's narrative together with our interpretations
to explore how research potentially offers ‘evidence’ of learning. While this is tentative only, we suggest there is a need
to create spaces for pedagogy in the design and execution of educational research. 相似文献
14.
James P. Concannon Marcelle A. Siegel Kristy Halverson Sharyn Freyermuth 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(2):177-186
In this study, we examined 96 undergraduate non-science majors’ conceptions of stem cells, stem cell research, and cloning.
This study was performed at a large, Midwest, research extensive university. Participants in the study were asked to answer
23 questions relating to stem cells, stem cell research, and cloning in an on-line assessment before and after instruction.
Two goals of the instruction were to: (1) help students construct accurate scientific ideas, and (2) enhance their reasoning
about socioscientific issues. The course structure included interactive lectures, case discussions, hands-on activities, and
independent projects. Overall, students’ understandings of stem cells, stem cell research, and cloning increased from pre-test
to post-test. For example, on the post-test, students gained knowledge concerning the age of an organism related to the type
of stem cell it possesses. However, we found that some incorrect ideas that were evident on the pre-test persisted after instruction.
For example, before and after instruction several students maintained the idea that stem cells can currently be used to produce
organs. 相似文献
15.
Recent research on metacognition points out the crucial role of on-line methods when endeavouring to conduct valid assessments
of metacognitive skills. Presently, different on-line methods are used, however, it is still a question of research whether
and how they affect students’ learning behaviour and learning outcome. Thus, the aim of this study is to quasi-experimentally
analyse the effects of two on-line verbalisation methods on learning performance. By means of the thinking-aloud method, students
in one experimental group (n = 24) were instructed to read and think aloud during learning. With the reflection when prompted method, students of another
experimental group (n = 24) were prompted at each navigational step to reflect on the reasons why they chose specific information. Students in
the control group (n = 22) learned without being instructed to verbalise. All three groups were treated identically except for the different use
of verbalisation assessment methods. The students’ task was to learn the concepts and principles of operant conditioning presented
in a hypermedium within 30 min. The students’ learning sessions were videotaped and learning performance was obtained immediately
afterwards. Based on Ericsson and Simon’s (Protocol analysis: Verbal reports as data, MIT, Cambridge, 1993) model, no performance differences between the thinking aloud and the control group were hypothesised.
However, prompting students for metacognitive reflection should affect learning performance positively, which is confirmed
by the results only in tendency for transfer performance. Implications for on-line assessment methods of metacognitive skill
will be discussed. 相似文献
16.
Perry den Brok Sibel Telli Jale Cakiroglu Ruurd Taconis Ceren Tekkaya 《Learning Environments Research》2010,13(3):187-204
The purposes of this study were to examine how Turkish students perceived their biology classroom environment, how their perceptions
compared to those of students in other countries, and what classroom learning environment profiles could be discerned in Turkish
high school biology classrooms. Data were gathered from 1,474 high school students in four inner city schools, in Bursa, Turkey.
A total of 11 biology teachers participated in the study with 52 of their classes. Data on students’ perceptions of their
learning environment were collected with the What Is Happening In this Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire. Results indicated that
Turkish classrooms were perceived as being low in terms of Teacher Support and high in terms of Task Orientation. Six distinct
classroom learning environment profiles were found: the ‘self-directed learning classroom’, ‘task-oriented cooperative learning
classroom’, ‘mainstream classroom’, ‘task-oriented individualised classroom’, ‘low-effective learning classroom’ and ‘high-effective
learning classroom’. The most common profile was the ‘mainstream classroom’ for which all WIHIC scales had medium–high scores. 相似文献
17.
This study aimed at experimentally investigating the moderating role of instructional conceptions on the effectiveness of
powerful learning environments (PLE) designed in line with the four-component instructional design model (4C/ID-model). The
study also investigated the influence of learning in a 4C/ID PLE on students’ instructional conceptions. To achieve its goal,
a study with a one by one by two pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was done. Three functionally equivalent classes
of students from three similar (secondary technical) schools were randomly exposed to three different treatments. The participants
consisted of 129 (47, 41, 41) students. The treatments were one control group with a regular method of teaching, and two experimental
groups: a 4C/ID PLE with ICT, and a 4C/ID PLE without ICT. The instructional conceptions questionnaire was administered both
in the pre-and the post-test to assess students’ instructional conceptions. Pre- and post-tests contain retention and transfer
items. Technical teachers were trained to implement the interventions. In contrast to expectation, findings show no moderating
effects of students’ instructional conceptions on the learning environments. Finally, the results indicate that students’
instructional conceptions positively change after implementation of the three interventions. The theoretical, research, and
practical implications of the results for the instructional design and technology community as well as educational practice
are discussed. 相似文献
18.
In this work an attempt is made to explore the possible value of using Thought Experiments (TEs) in teaching physics to upper
secondary education students. Specifically, a qualitative research project is designed to investigate the extent to which
the Thought Experiment (TE) called ‘Heisenberg’s Microscope’, as it has been transformed by Gamow for the public in his book
Mr. Tompkins in Paperback, can function as a tool in the teaching of the ‘uncertainty principle’. The sample in the research consisted of 40 Greek
students, in 11 groups of 3–4 students each. The findings of this study reveal that the use of this TE has positive results
in teaching the uncertainty principle. Students, based on the TE, were able (i) to derive a formula of the uncertainty principle,
(ii) to explain that the uncertainty principle is a general principle in nature and it is not a result of incompleteness of
the experimental devices and (iii) to argue that it is impossible to determine the trajectory of a particle as a mathematical
line. 相似文献
19.
While most studies have focused primarily on the correlates of career barriers, research examining specific career barrier
typology experienced among college students remains limited. Employing cluster analysis, this study explored the career barrier
typology of 318 college students using the Korean college students’ Career Barrier Inventory (KCBI). The variables used in
this study included ‘personality’ (hardiness, trait anxiety, locus of control, resilience, and optimism) and ‘career maturity
attitude’. Two major conclusions were drawn. Firstly, cluster analysis of the KCBI identified four groups of participants;
(a) a salient external career barrier group, (b) a well adjusted group, (c) a salient internal career barrier group, and (d)
the worst career barrier group. Secondly, the results suggest discrepant differences of personality variables and career attitude
maturity among the clustered groups. Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
20.
Zvia Kaberman Yehudit Judy Dori 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2009,7(3):597-625
A new learning unit in chemistry, Case-based Computerized Laboratories (CCL) and Computerized Molecular Modeling (CMM) was developed at the Technion. The CCL and CMM curriculum integrates computerized desktop experiments and molecular
modeling with an emphasis on scientific inquiry and case studies. Our research aimed at investigating the effect of the CCL
and CMM learning environment on students’ higher-order thinking skills of question posing, inquiry, and modeling. The experimental
group included 614 honors 12th grade chemistry students from high schools in Israel who studied according to this learning
unit. The comparison group consisted of 155 12th grade chemistry honors students who studied other chemistry programs. Pre-
and post-tests questionnaires were used to assess students’ higher-order thinking skills. Students’ responses were analyzed
using content analysis rubrics and their statistical analysis. Our findings indicated that the scores of the experimental
group students improved significantly in question posing, inquiry and modeling skills from the pre-test to the post-test.
The net gain scores of the experimental group students were significantly higher than those of their comparison peers in all
three examined skills. In modeling skills, experimental group students significantly improved their achievements in making
the transfer from 3D models to structural formulae, but only about half of them were able to transfer from formulae to 3D
models. By presenting a case-based chemistry assessment tool and content analysis of students’ responses in this paper, we
enable teachers and educators to analyze their students’ higher-order thinking skills both qualitatively and quantitatively. 相似文献