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1.
科研和科研训练是研究生教育特别是博士教育阶段的重要功能．对其过程和特征进行分析对于推进研究生教育实践,提高研究生培养质量都具有积极的意义。科研过程由于其知识对象具有专业化、前沿性及综合性的特征,相应地也具有专业性、探索性、批判反思性的特征。科研能力可以大致分为认知能力或者说心智水平、实践操作技能和缄默知识三种类型。科研训练必须在实际的研究过程中训练,在具体的学术环境中潜移默化,同时科研训练的规训特征也要求训练程序的严格性和程序性。 相似文献
2.
以M大学为个案,对工科直博生的培养现状进行调查,分析目前工科直博生培养体系存在的主要问题,提出要基于创新人才的培养理念,建立以科研实践为主线的工科直博生创新能力培养体系,具体措施包括：注重选拔具有科研潜质的学生并提前培养,构建以科研学习为中心的课程体系,开展学科间交叉和渗透的科研实践,推行跨学科的导师组指导模式,强化德育教育、营造创新氛围等。 相似文献
3.
博士生教育作为学历教育中最顶端的层次,其培养的质量一直受到社会的广泛关注。博士生培养质量是通过终端的统计指标来体现的,而影响这些指标高低的关键因素贯穿在博士生培养的过程之中,只有回溯博士生的培养过程,才能发现培养高质量博士生的实践逻辑。通过对10位全国优秀博士学位论文获得者的质性访谈,‘再现了高质量博士生的培养全过程,所在学科领域的成熟程度、个人教育背景与研究方向的契合度、师生相处过程中的匹配度三个因素直接影响博士生培养质量,“正视起点、注重过程、因材施教”的培养路径是高质量博士生培养过程中需要共同遵循的实践逻辑。 相似文献
4.
Alistair McCulloch Vijay Kumar Susan van Schalkwyk Gina Wisker 《Quality in Higher Education》2016,22(1):64-77
Supervision is generally recognised as playing a crucial role in the quality of a research student’s doctoral experience and their academic outcomes and, in common with most areas of higher education, there is an oft-stated desire to pursue excellence in this important area. Excellence in research degree supervision is, however, an elusive concept and on close scrutiny most of the discussions of high-quality supervision, even those that purport to be identifying excellence, refer to competence rather than excellence. This paper examines two potentially national authoritative perspectives from which excellence in research degree supervision might be explicated (codes of practice and learning and teaching awards) from Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United Kingdom but concludes that the complex nature of the activity and the complexity of the concept itself mean that rather than identifying excellence in supervision we can only respond to claims for excellence. 相似文献
5.
John Hockey 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2003,22(1):82-91
Within the United Kingdom higher education system there has been a recent growth in practice–based research degrees in art and design. This constitutes a relatively recent innovatory step in doctoral education, with students now able to submit for examination a written thesis combined with practical work in over forty academic departments. It also constitutes an intellectual innovation in terms of attempting to combine the creative impulse with traditional research criteria such as the need for systematic analysis, documentation, theorisation and so on. To–date little has been written about research students adaptation to such practice–based research degrees, and so, in order to chart the experiences of such students, qualitative interviews were undertaken with 50 research students at various UK universities. This paper based on those interviews examines one dimension of how students adapt to this kind of study, focusing on their conceptions of identity. 相似文献
6.
1999年以来,我国博士生招生人数显著攀升,回顾我国博士生教育质量20年的研究,其思想纵向呈现出三个变化趋势:从专注学术取向到关注多元发展,从聚焦在学质量到追求发展质量,从强调显性成果到倡导综合能力。依据这一趋势,当下的博士研究生培养应以立德树人为根基,以科研能力为主干,以服务社会为枝叶。高校要以此为培养标准,树立起多元化培养目标,实现博士生全方位、多维度发展。具体到实践层面,鼓励博士生全面参与学校治理不失为实现博士生多维培养的有效途径,具体应以党建工作提升政治觉悟,以课题参与提升学术水平,以志愿服务厚植奉献情怀,以社会实践推动成果转化。 相似文献
7.
Jane E. Atieno Okech Randall L. Astramovich Megan M. Johnson Wendy J. Hoskins Deborah J. Rubel 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2006,46(2):131-145
Counselor educators (N = 167) in programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs were surveyed regarding research training received during their doctoral studies. Respondents shared perspectives regarding the quality and quantity of their research course work as well as suggestions on how to enhance research training in counselor education programs. Differences in the amount, type, and attitudes toward research were found according to programs from which educators were graduated and year of graduation. The influences of mentoring as a critical practice in research training also emerged. Implications for research training in counselor education are discussed. 相似文献
8.
Hamish Coates Gwilym Croucher Kenneth Moore Umesha Weerakkody Mollie Dollinger Ilke Grosemans 《高等教育研究与发展》2020,39(6):1122-1139
ABSTRACT The growth of the doctorate in recent decades has spawned concerns about programme quality and external relevance. This article reports findings from research conducted in Australia that was shaped by the view that the doctorate remains in need of educational clarification and design. The research generated insights that can be used to modernise and realign the doctorate. First, this article discusses the development of a doctoral education framework. Next, it presents results from a questionnaire developed using the framework and administered in a national survey to both five-year-out doctoral graduates and to doctoral experts. This identifies the need to design programmes that better orient and align research training with students’ professional aspirations, incorporate more real-world forms of learning, enhance traditional aspects of research training and provide structured reports of doctoral outcomes, experiences and preparations. The results underpin the need for more specific analyses of outcomes and assessment, the nature and distribution of doctoral experiences and the design and management of the resources that go into doctoral education. 相似文献
9.
Research training and careers in transition: a European perspective on the many faces of the Ph.D 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ju¨rgen Enders 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(3):419-429
Traditional structures and processes as well as norms and beliefs in the field of research training across Europe are challenged by four recent trends. They encompass the implications of the expansion and diversification of the student body in higher education, the changing functioning and role of research in the knowledge economy, the internationalization of the Ph.D. factory and the growing role of governmental supervision for doctoral training. Altogether, these trends foster internal diversity within higher education and research as well as external diversity in the contribution made to the economy and the growing variety of careers for those who have gone through doctoral training. The paper reviews these processes and respective responses in public intervention as well as in higher education to reorganize doctoral training. It is argued that a diversity of organizational and structural forms as well as different validation criteria and procedures will probably determine the future face of doctoral education across Europe. 相似文献
10.
11.
Rachel Mason 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2008,27(3):279-292
Art education as a distinct academic discipline is relatively recent and closely related to the growth of specialist teacher qualification programmes in university education departments. Opportunities for art teachers to engage in research were first provided in advanced diploma courses and specialist masters programmes set up in university education departments. Later these were followed by specialist doctoral degrees. Since the majority of such programmes are located in education departments, research training has tended to be social science based. Recently there has been a flurry of publications by art and art education specialists devoted to explaining and extolling the idea of art practice as an alternative paradigm. This article analyses and discusses this development and the status of research in the specialist field, drawing on the author's recent experience of carrying out two systematic reviews of studies in art education. It examines strengths and weaknesses in the two research paradigms and suggests ways forward for improving training in art education research. 相似文献
12.
随着博士招生规模的扩大，博士生教育质量问题受到各方关注。导师作为博士生培养中最直接且关键的因素，对博士生的科研创新能力发挥着重要影响，但鲜有严谨的实证研究阐明其影响机制。基于2016年首都高校学生发展状况调查的数据，采用处理效应模型控制学生选择导师的内生性后，估计了导师对博士生科研发表的影响。研究发现，导师的学术指导显著正向影响博士生科研产出，这种影响主要通过作用于博士生科研参与实现，而导师的社会资本对博士生的科研产出存在负向影响。导师学术指导的正向影响更多体现在理工类博士生群体中，导师社会资本的影响更多体现在人文社科类博士生群体中。 相似文献
13.
随着我国研究生教育特别是博士生培养规模的快速发展,申请博士学位的标准也在不断地调整与优化。实践中,执行申请博士学位标准的效果如何?博士生有哪些诉求?文章基于博士学位标准的问卷调查,结合历次学位标准的主要变化,阐述了博士研究生培养不同发展阶段学位评定的主要依据和具体做法,分析了要求博士生公开发表学术论文的起因、积极影响、成效,以及申请学位限制性条件的历史必然性和负面影响,就新形势下进一步修订完善申请博士学位标准给出建议。 相似文献
14.
Fiona Candlin 《The International Journal of Art & Design Education》2001,20(3):302-310
This paper examines the changing relationship of art practice to academic research in higher education since 1960. Whereas art practice was often conceived of as divorced from any notion of academic or theoretical work in the post 1960 art school, by the 1990s the ground had changed to such a degree that it was possible to pursue doctoral study in art practice. This emergence of practice‐based PhDs can be considered as part of a larger shift in art education and its acceptance of theory. 相似文献
15.
James Avis 《British Journal of Educational Studies》2000,48(1):38-57
This discussion paper examines the links between learning outcomes, managerialism and research into teaching and learning in further/higher education. It constructs a worse case scenario which explores the dangers flowing from a managerialist appropriation of both learning outcomes and research into teaching and learning. It suggests this leads to a technicised practice which limits creative and critical engagement with the curriculum. The paper calls for the development of an engaged and dialogic practice. This worst case scenario enables a consideration of conditions that would facilitate the development of empowering practices. 相似文献
16.
Widening participation is on the political agenda but, to date, policy, practice and research has focused on undergraduate education. This article identifies an emerging widening participation focus on doctoral education. Using England as a case study, the article examines this development within the context of the long-standing concern with equity in education, before reviewing the relatively small literature addressing who participates (and why) in doctoral and more general postgraduate education. An analysis of Widening Participation Strategic Assessments produced in 2009 by 129 English Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) reveals an emergent institutional awareness of this new development. Finally, a research agenda for widening participation to research degrees, focusing on research students, HEIs and policy-makers, is outlined. The conclusion calls for this agenda to be pursued at institutional, national and cross-national levels so that future policy can be made and implemented on the basis of a robust evidence base. 相似文献
17.
Doctoral programs have high dropout rates of 43% representing the highest among all post-baccalaureate programs. Cross sectional studies of doctoral students?? retention have showed the importance of financial aid in predicting degree completion. These studies however, do not estimate the labor market??s effect on doctoral student retention and neglect the longitudinal nature of doctoral study and the multiple requirements that make doctoral education a three-stage process. This research study examines the effect of various factors, including financial aid and labor market conditions, on the likelihood that doctoral students will complete the three stages of doctoral education: transition, development, and research. The results show that although financial aid as a whole is important, the type of financial aid received is even more significant and has differential impacts on doctoral students?? retention at each stage. The study concludes that research assistantships have the highest likelihood of degree completion compared to students with other forms of financial support. Labor market conditions are also an important factor affecting doctoral student retention with higher expected earnings motivating doctoral students in the later part of their programs to complete their degrees. 相似文献
18.
James Burford 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2017,38(4):473-484
This article proposes that a queer reading of failure might offer opportunities to re-think the affective-political practice of doctoral writing. It examines data from one case in Aotearoa New Zealand to illustrate how a doctoral student negotiates ‘failure’ in relation to their writing practice and identity. While higher education researchers have tended to interpret failure as something to avoid, or learn from in the pursuit of normative success, queer research offers us new pathways into analysis. In this article, I argue that we can recognize ‘writing failures’ as possible modes of being and becoming doctoral. Despite being frequently associated with affective practices of guilt, shame, and disappointment, failure might also open onto alternative feelings such as relief, joy, and satisfaction. Ultimately, the article contends that queer concepts might assist higher education researchers to interrogate normative framings of failure, and to glimpse alternative possibilities for understanding ‘success’. 相似文献
19.
导师指导频率对博士生培养质量的影响--基于博士生视角的分析和探讨 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
博士生教育是国际上公认的正规高等教育的最高层次,导师的指导在博士生培养过程中起着举足轻重的作用。本文对澳大利亚昆士兰大学关于博士生导师指导情况的调查进行了分析和研究,并通过国际比较,从博士生的角度,阐述了导师指导频率这一影响博士生培养质量的关键因素。最后对提高我国博士生导师的指导频率提出了若干建议。 相似文献
20.
Alison George Dover 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(4):506-524
Redressing educational inequity requires taking a comprehensive and systemic approach to education reform, a practice increasingly framed as “social justice (in) education.” However, while state and federal accountability mandates require any reform intended for K-12 classroom implementation to have a demonstrable impact on student achievement, published accounts of classroom-level “teaching for social justice” are widely varied and scantly evaluated. This article examines the conceptual foundations of teaching for social justice, presents a concrete framework for teaching for social justice in K-12 classrooms, and examines how elements of teaching for social justice are supported by existing research on secondary students’ academic, behavioral/motivational, and attitudinal outcomes. In conducting this review, the author hopes to provide both a rationale for teaching for social justice in K-12 classrooms and a foundation for future empirical research on how doing so affects student outcomes. 相似文献