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1.
This article reports on an interview-based study of the academic practices of staff members in a New Zealand university in response to international students in their classes and under their supervision. International students enter academic cultures which are inevitably different from those which have provided their academic preparation. Participant academics often revealed a tension between trying to support students adjusting to new demands and meeting their own expectations of tertiary teaching. Most had implemented some changes to their practices which they identified as enhancing international students’ ability to study successfully, but recognised the need for balance between support and an expectation of student autonomy. For some, however, adjustment of practice to reflect these students’ different expectations and skills violated their understanding of what higher education should be. Using the lens of different orientations that Fanghanel 2012. Being an Academic. London: Routledge] identified among academic staff the article considers possible responses to the current situation. 相似文献
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John B. Lattimore Mark M. D'Amico Dawson R. Hancock 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(12):928-940
As community colleges receive attention focused on their role in addressing postsecondary needs, they are subject to varying levels of accountability, which necessitates the development of strategic approaches to leading institutions. Burke (2005) recognizes three accountability perspectives that higher education institutions must consider: market, political, and academic. The strategic planning processes used at three North Carolina community colleges reflect a balanced approach to responding to the accountability requirements of all three perspectives. Using a qualitative multisite case study of the colleges, five themes emerge as implications for practice: (a) Involve stakeholders in strategic planning and implementation; (b) Create a student-centered culture; (c) Provide fiscal accountability with data-driven decision making; (d) Develop a balanced strategic approach to all accountability perspectives; and (e) Integrate regional accreditation principles into strategies. By applying the convergent practices of the three successful colleges, community colleges can create strategic plans to meet the needs of a variety of stakeholders, assert fiscal management, and encourage continuous improvement of programs and processes. 相似文献
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There is an increasing development of courses and course components taught through teaching and learning dialogues online yet there is little secure knowledge regarding the educational quality of these dialogues. Drawing on contemporary sociocultural research, this paper adapts a well‐established analytical framework (see Mercer, 1995) that has been developed to understand face‐to‐face educational dialogues to the context of asynchronous electronic conferencing. The work reported is derived from an in‐depth case study of a tutorial group of 11 students enrolled on a course within the Open University's MA in Open and Distance Education. The course was taught online to an international cohort of students from wide‐ranging academic backgrounds. The analyses of electronic conference archives presented here focus on understanding the students' online collaborative work and the ways in which they constructed meaning, negotiated shared understanding and supported each other in the process of learning at a distance. The implications of the findings for educational practice are considered. 相似文献
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John I. Bechtold 《Christian Higher Education》2017,16(1-2):79-91
ABSTRACTThis article describes a course taught at a U.S. Christian college located in Pennsylvania that uses “high impact practices,” as described by Kuh and O'Donnell (2013), to educate students about calling. The course, titled “Created and Called for Community,” is required for all incoming first-year students in their second semester at the college and addresses three main topics central to the identity of the institution: Creation, Community, and Calling. Seven high-impact practices are instrumental in teaching about the nature of calling in this course. The influence of the course content is further enhanced by the campus environment and academic context in which it is offered. An identified weakness of the course is its lack of intentional connection to students' academic major and to other dimensions of life on campus. This criticism is addressed in the final section of the article, which focuses on the extension of the topic of vocation and calling throughout students' coursework, and particularly the selection of a major, and culminating in a capstone course during the final year of undergraduate studies. 相似文献
6.
Plans for a nationwide system of education at a distance in Colombia S.A. are now under way to meet growing demands for higher education and to decentralize the current university system. Prior to this decision, a feasibility project was mounted in 1973–1976 by the University of Antioquia. Code-named El Proyecto UNIDES, its goals were: - To check whether students could learn at a distance with no lowering of standards; - To identify critical logistical conditions; - To assess whether traditional university teaching methods could be renovated with systems resting on ideas from instructional technology. UNIDES involved 70 staff of varying status and function who produced teaching materials and observed and assessed around 1500 students on and off campus under three instructional conditions covering a semester's work. D group students studied at a distance self-instructional materials in mathematics, psychology, and Spanish. S1 group students studied those materials individually on campus. S2 group students studied through conventional classes. Political confrontations with non-project students, staff anxieties, administrative, production, printing, distribution, and communication difficulties, and a 50–60 per cent dropout were unexpected events observed. This yielded valuable information about critical conditions in distance-teaching for practical decision-making in the future, but made assessment difficult. In academic performance, measured by common examinations for course credits, the groups ranked: S1, D and S2. There could be no clear-cut prediction from UNIDES. It suggested students can learn at a distance with no drop in standards, perhaps better through an autonomous system. Conventional systems might profit from adopting or adapting methods and materials developed for distance teaching. 相似文献
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This article examines the online discourse that took place in representative threads from two classes, seeking to document indicators that students did or did not engage in co‐construction of knowledge. Stahl's (2006) social theory of computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is used along with discourse analysis methods to examine these course dialogues. Findings show the class that had a peer‐like, consistent facilitative instructor and discussion anchored around questions and shared artifacts was more likely to engage in discussion leading to the negotiation of knowledge and understanding. This class relied on social acknowledgements, questions, and shared exploration of perspectives and theories throughout their discussion. These elements and strategies appear to be important components that make up for lower levels of tacit understanding in online environments, thus enabling learners to interact in social learning processes. The other class, which lacked a facilitative instructor, did not have the same results. Although interaction levels were equal and students carried topical motifs such as the phrase “faster, better, cheaper” from message to message, students in this other class did not engage deeply or develop new understanding of the course material through the discussion. 相似文献
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Training is an essential part of the professional development of staff working for international humanitarian organizations. While humanitarian workers are being deployed around the world to provide life‐saving relief assistance in often‐hazardous missions, it is imperative for organizations to ensure that staff members understand the mission and protocol of their organizations and that they develop an appreciation for the impact their work has on beneficiaries. Demand for such training has been expanding exponentially over the last decade with the growing number of humanitarian organizations and personnel. In the United Nations alone, an estimated 37,000 civilian personnel are being employed as part of UN humanitarian operations, an increase of 54% since 1997; 75% of this personnel is composed of national staff of the countries of operation (United Nations, 2008). With the increasing reliance of humanitarian organizations on national staff to manage their field operations, the professional development of staff members poses an ever‐growing challenge due to the remoteness and distribution of staff, limiting organizations’ ability to maintain the coherence and cogency of their mission and methods. Although many international humanitarian organizations have adopted some form of distance learning into their staff training, few organizations have evaluated the effectiveness of their distance learning programs. This research briefly evaluates the literature relevant to the use of distance learning for training professional staff in the humanitarian field, assesses how distance learning programs are being used among select humanitarian organizations based in the USA, and reviews the results of a pilot distance learning course offered to mid‐career professionals working on international humanitarian issues in a professional capacity. 相似文献
9.
lisahunter 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2011,27(1):187-200
This four-part story is about one teacher educator’s attempt to embody praxis as a form of academic work, emphasizing the importance of the corporeal in learning and teaching. I describe the inter-related context (1) of my embodied self, the teacher education course I constructed, and theory employed in mediating course practices. Evidence of praxis in emergence (2) is illustrated through written text and visual artefacts of the operationalized assessment. I discuss (3) using embodied subjectivities, the importance of practice/praxis, and how we operationalize discourse in education to then pose questions (4) as flows for teacher educators, preservice teachers and teachers in their classpaces. 相似文献
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Michael R. Jolley Emily Cross Miles Bryant 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2014,38(2-3):218-230
In 2011, according to a National Center for Education Statistics report, part-time instructional staff in all higher education institutions exceeded full-time faculty members for the first time, accounting for 50% of all instructional staff (National Center for Education Statistics [NCES], 2012). The same report indicates part-time faculty in community colleges exceeds 70% of instructional staff. Perhaps more alarming are the numbers of contingent instructional staff—faculty without long-term employment commitments. According to this measure, nearly 70% of faculty members in all areas of higher education have little-to-no job stability (American Association of University Professors [AAUP], 2013; Schuster & Finklestein, 2006). However, limited research exists on the working experiences of this major subpopulation of United States professors. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of part-time contingent community college faculty regarding the assessment processes their institutions implemented. Through interviews, researchers gathered data identifying what 20 part-time contingent faculty professors reported regarding teaching conditions and institutional assessment procedures. Participant interviews revealed two major themes centered on a lack of institutional engagement and meaningful assessment policies or procedures. 相似文献
11.
David Sewart Michael Richardson 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1977,23(4):425-437
The nature of counselling and advisory services which the Open University offers its students and applicants is dictated by the fact that its students are learning at a distance, are adults, and are not engaged in full-time study. In addition, a policy of open entry means that while some students come from a background of higher education, others have few or no previous qualifications. These factors require the University to try to provide an individual service to its applicants and students whenever possible. In pursuit of this aim students are allocated to Tutor-Counsellors, part-time staff who are locally based and who have a continuing responsibility for the progress of individual students from their initial registration until graduation. These Tutor-Counsellors play a considerable part in determining the extent, nature, and timing of the resources with which the university can support an individual student. Tuition for higher level specialist courses is normally provided by tutors at a greater distance, with the Tutor-Counsellors continuing to provide local generalist support. The Open University has set up a regional infra-structure of full-time academic and administrative staff for the support, briefing, supervision, and organization of this local network of part-time staff. 相似文献
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Joan L. Whipp R. A. Lorentz 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2009,57(2):169-192
While literature suggests that college students may be less reluctant to seek help in online rather than traditional courses,
little is known about how online instructors give help in ways that lead to increased student help seeking and academic success.
In this study, we used theories and research on learning assistance and scaffolding, teacher immediacy, social presence, and
academic help seeking to explore through a cross-case study design how three online instructors differed in their use of cognitive
and social supports and how those differences related to student perceptions of support, help seeking, and performance. Primary
data sources included all course postings by the instructors, interviews with the instructors, observational field notes on
course discussions, student interviews, and final student grades. Archived course documents and student discussion postings
were secondary data sources. Data analysis revealed that while all instructors provided cognitive and social support, they
varied in their level of questioning, use of direct instruction, support for task structuring, and attention to group dynamics.
This variation in teaching presence related to differences across the courses in student perceptions of support, student help
seeking in course discussions, and final course grades. Implications for online teaching and suggestions for further research
are offered.
相似文献
| Joan L. WhippEmail: |
15.
A. Qayum Safi 《Higher Education》1986,15(5):421-447
As the only institution of higher education in Kuwait offering a four-year degree program, Kuwait University is expected to provide its society and its rapidly changing labor market with professionally trained Kuwaiti nationals in fields requiring up-to-date scientific and technical knowledge. Its location in the Arabian Gulf region requires KU to honor and preserve the Arab and Islamic tradition. Thus, the success of KU graduates in the job market and in society will depend on a combination of scientific knowledge and appreciation for local and regional values. With the introduction of the graduate studies program, KU is on the threshold of becoming a major institution of research and scholarship. With this step forward, KU increases its responsibility to offer a diversified academic program designed to meet the specialized manpower requirements of Kuwait as a major commercial center in the Middle East. To evaluate its programs, KU established the Center for Evaluation and Measurement in 1977 which introduced the Course and Instructor Evaluation project, and later expanded its activities through the KU Academic Evaluation Committee, to include program evaluation. The office of the Vice-Rector for Research was established in 1981 to encourage, support, and develop scientific research activities at Kuwait University. At present, KU has fully realized the importance of educational reform. A few of the issues, identified in this paper, can be outlined as follows:
- The need for an admission policy to recruit more students competent in general subject matter knowledge as well as in English proficiency, and to assign them fairly to the subject areas of choice.
- The need to design a research oriented curriculum with stronger emphasis on general education as required of an undergraduate studies program rather than stressing professionalism.
- The need for an instructional program that deemphasizes students' total reliance on memorization and examinations for completing course requirements.
- The need to improve instructional and research facilities, as well as make them available to students and to train students in their proper use.
- The need to reappraise employment conditions for non-Kuwaiti teaching staff providing them with job security and career certainty.
- The need for an administratively and financially independent KU, and long-range plan for a campus to accommodate the increasing number of students, faculty, and support staff.
16.
This paper reports some data of an ARC funded study of academic staff in a number of disciplines in colleges of advanced education and universities. Generally, more university than college academics scored high on academic motivation, on teaching‐research synergy and promotion of student independence, with college academics scoring higher on good teaching practice. There are disciplinary differences, too.
Slightly more than an average proportion of staff in the Social Sciences report good teaching practices. They are highly committed to promoting student independence, experience a fairly high level of teaching‐research synergy and have high intrinsic academic motivation. There is large‐scale consensus among Arts staff with university Arts academics scoring highest on promoting student independence, academic motivation, and teaching‐research synergy, and academics in CAE Arts departments scoring highest of all on good teaching practices.
Science staff seem to have different academic values and practices. Their academic motivation is about “average”, and fewer science academics report good teaching practices or practices that promote student independence. In their own work they also experience less teaching‐research synergy. Engineering staff show the lowest academic motivation, least commitment to student independence, experience least teaching‐research synergy, and report below average good teaching practices.
Health Science staff are akin to staff in Arts and Social Sciences in areas concerned with students, e.g. good teaching practices and promotion of student independence. In the areas which tap into their values as academics, e.g. academic motivation and teaching‐research synergy, they seem to be more like science and engineering staff.
Commerce/Law staff were on all aspects somewhere in the middle. 相似文献
17.
In this article, we map the extent of educational inequality within Tasmania, and between Tasmania and the rest of Australia, using National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) and senior secondary attainment data. This analysis yields some surprising findings, showing the success of Tasmanian primary and high schools and that Tasmanian educational inequality is most strongly expressed at the senior secondary level. We conclude that using such publicly available data to identify differential achievement within and between jurisdictions would strengthen public policy and practitioner interventions aimed at achieving more equal educational outcomes for students in all schools. Our findings also have implications for research directions in this field, suggesting that by analysis of NAPLAN and My School data across individual schools and jurisdictions academic researchers could assist practitioners gain a deeper understanding of inequalities reproduced by the systems they are working within, while finding examples of schools and systems which show a greater level of success in ameliorating disadvantage. 相似文献
18.
Camille Nakhid 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(4):532-550
Approaches to achieving and managing equity for Māori 1 and Pasifika 2 tertiary students differ among the eight universities in Aotearoa 3 /New Zealand. Achieving equity in educational attainment for Māori and Pasifika tertiary students is stated as a key objective in nearly all of the universities’ mission statements or charters, and equity committees have been set up to ensure equitable outcomes. These committees are generally made up of junior academic or administrative staff members. In contrast, managing the university's equity plan is the role of those in senior academic positions within the university. This article investigates the perspectives of six equity leaders at an urban university in one of the country's largest cities on the objectives and characteristics of equity committees and the influence of the dominant paradigm in achieving equity. 相似文献
19.
Sue Middleton 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2005,26(4):511-525
The academic study of Education1 (as a social, historical, and theoretical phenomenon) is complicated by the fact of our immersion in it. This paper combines Said's idea of “contrapuntal reading” with Bourdieu's notion of reflexivity to explore what happens when students on an Education course directly confront the fact of their everyday involvement in their object of study, Education. How do the questions raised by post-colonial and other critical social writers “appear” from such a position? How does the fact of our involvement complicate our theoretical or scientific knowledge of these? By means of an episodic, narrative form of writing, this paper describes a life history pedagogy for teaching a compulsory “social issues” course online to New Zealand pre-service teacher education students. As data I draw on online conversations with and between students as they engage in the production of contextualized life history interview narratives. 相似文献
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《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2012,64(59):141-145
Summary In order for group analysis to be successful and to achieve the atmosphere which allows student cooperation to flourish, it is essential that adequate physical and financial resources are provided. These can be summarized as follows:
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(i)Adequate budget to allow for expenditure on models, visual materials, acquisition of background information, etc.
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(ii)Secretarial staff for typing and administration
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(iii)Laboratory technicians
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(iv)Visual aid staff
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(v)All resources available to the industrialist viz: information library, telephone, typing, stationery, workspace, storage, etc.
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(vi)The active cooperation of academic and technical staff
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(vii)Flexibility in timetabling and room allocations
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(viii)Seminar members who will command the respect of the students and will readily adapt to role playing where necessary
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(ix)Studio masters who are totally committed to the group analysis method of teaching and are, therefore, willing to allot substantial proportions of their time to student consultation
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(x)A cooperative administrative staff.