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1.
元明清三代是古代云南高原水利开发的重要时期,在官府的重视和领导下,云南高原的水利技术不断进步,水利工程遍布云南高原的平坝和山区,其中尤以滇池水利工程最为宏大。这时期的水资源利用是以土地为核心的农业开发服务的。一方面通过减少水域面积获得湖周平原土地;另一方面通过增强水利灌溉功效,提高农田的生产量。元明清三代云南高原水资源的开发利用对生态环境的直接影响较小,但它作为农业开发的助推器,却较为严重地破坏了云南高原原有的生态环境系统,人们不得不通过加强水利建设减少农业过度开发所带来的水土流失、河道淤塞等生态灾难。 相似文献
2.
焦少林 《安庆师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,29(11):25-29
我国土地承包经营权主体制度建设取得了明显成效,仍存在主体范围规定不统一、主体是农户还是本集体经济组织成员不清晰、主体资格规定不合理等问题。完善土地承包经营权主体制度,要明确家庭承包中主体是本集体经济组织的成员,家庭成员户口农转非后应丧失主体资格,增加非依家庭承包合同取得主体地位的条件,扩大通过继承成为土地承包经营权主体的范围,统一各部法律对主体的规定。 相似文献
3.
王蕾 《呼伦贝尔学院学报》2013,(3):23-29
在新疆的水利开发史上,唐代和清代是两个重要时期,通过对比分析可以看出,无论是规模和范围、水利管理制度及水利技术,还是水利开发时间与成效,清代的水利开发都超过唐代,初步形成了基本完整的农田水利灌溉渠网,奠定了近代水利事业的基础。新疆水利开发总体趋势是由天山以南向天山以北推进,由传统绿洲农区向游牧民族聚居之地发展,由重点地区向全疆各地展开。 相似文献
4.
美国政府在西部开发过程中起了领导核心作用。在政府土地政策引导和市场机制作用下,美国政府把西部土地资源成功转化为开发西部的生产要素,吸引移民、土地投机商和筑路公司到西部进行农牧业垦殖、城镇社区和交通道路建设。美国政府还在20世纪初把西部土地销售收益划拨为西部水利灌溉工程建设资金,直接参与西部开发活动。 相似文献
5.
本文依据历史文献资料,首先考察了清初中期川陕交界地区开发的历史背景,进而从土地的开垦、新作物的推广、水利的兴修、手工业的发展、政区的调整等方面构勒了开发的概貌,最后指出本区开发过程中所造成的环境问题。从而说明在区域开发过程中,只有以长远利益为重,不以破坏环境为代价,开发才是成功的,其成效才能持久。 相似文献
6.
发展农业规模经营的基本思路 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
农业规模经营的发展应以土地的适度集中经营为前提,而我国目前农村土地分散、零碎、规模小,其根源在于现行的土地家庭承包经营制度。因此,要扩大土地经营规模必须加快推进土地使用权的流转,并依靠政府制造外部条件来引导和支持,以消除农地使用权流转过程中外部条件的制约。同时,通过发展农村经济和逐步建立农村社会保障制度来弱化附加在土地上的社会保障功能,实现土地资源的优化配制。政府应在保护土地承包权、发展农村劳务输出、促进农村新型合作组织的发展、加快农村基础设施建设等方面加大力度,为农村土地规模经营创造条件。 相似文献
7.
清代皖南圩田的发展及地方官吏的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
圩田是清代皖南平原土地开发的主要模式。随着江南地区人口的增加和对粮食需求的扩大,清代皖南地区圩田开发有明显发展,突出表现为新圩的扩展,旧圩的修缮和圩田治理技术的进步。而在这个过程中,地方官吏发挥了重要的作用,但也存在局限性。 相似文献
8.
汉简中有多枚关于敦煌地区水利的记载,对复原汉代敦煌地区的水利建设及管理具有重要的价值。汉代为保证敦煌地区屯田的顺利开展,兴起了一个水利开发的高峰,既包括明渠,又包括井渠的开凿,既有官渠,又有民渠。与之相应的水利管理系统也逐渐形成。简文中出现的"主水史"、"水长"、"东都水官"、"东道平水史"等水利职官,为研究汉代地方水利管理提供了宝贵的史料。敦煌地区在汉代就已经形成了一整套完整的水利管理系统,反映出水利管理的规范性、科学性。 相似文献
9.
郝志成 《内蒙古师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,36(2):122-125
在清代以前，内蒙古后套地区并不具备全范围开垦耕种的自然地理条件。大约在清代乾、嘉时期，由于流经该地黄河的南、北两派发生了支经倒置的实质性变化，该地区才具备了全面开垦耕种的客观条件。因此．后套地区绝不是古代历朝河套开垦的中心地区，不能简单地根据清代以来后套地区逐渐形成的适宜农耕的自然条件，就认为后套地区是历代河套开垦的中心地区。 相似文献
10.
张少锋 《三门峡职业技术学院学报》2010,9(4):88-92
宁夏平原是我国农业开发较早的地区之一,农业发展对水的利用历史悠久,薪火相继。自从秦汉以来,生活在这块土地上的、勤劳智慧的宁夏人民开创了引黄灌溉的伟大事业,创造了有"塞北江南"之称的农业文明。清代是宁夏平原水利事业发展的重要阶段,经过康、雍、乾三朝频繁的渠道修浚与开凿,进而使宁夏平原的引黄灌溉事业达到了历史时期的极盛,而持续不断的水利开发自然会对周围环境(包括社会人文和自然地理环境)产生比较深远的影响。 相似文献
11.
张剑 《广播电视大学学报》2014,(2):70-74
《圣教新条例》是记载山西天主教潞安教区最原始的史料,较为详实地描述了近代化过程中潞安地区天主教会的发展与变革。在教会婚俗方面,传承地方婚俗与传统的同时也对当地长期存在的陋俗和恶习进行了一定程度变革。教会婚俗变革对吸引非教徒入教和改良当地风俗有积极意义,对促进地方社会近代化起到了重要作用。 相似文献
12.
Margaret Carswell 《British Journal of Religious Education》2018,40(3):288-297
ABSTRACTRegardless of what method is chosen for formal religious education, the fundamental principle of all catechetical activity in the Catholic Church is fidelity to the Word of God and the concrete needs of the faithful. This article will argue, however, that fidelity to the Word of God falls short of the requirements of the Catholic Church in the three religious education curriculum schemes that dominate current religious education in Australia and England and Wales. Utilising a set of ‘best practice’ principles drawn from documents of the Catholic Church and developed by the author in an unpublished doctoral thesis this article identifies and describes practices which misrepresent and distort Scripture. In its own terms, good hermeneutics should be a priority for Catholic religious education. This article reveals significant hermeneutical problems with prominent Catholic religious education programmes in three countries. 相似文献
13.
湖北省谷城县沈垭天主堂从清朝雍正年间便是天主教在鄂西北的总堂。它曾在天主教传入中国的历史上具有重要的地位和影响。沈垭天主堂经历了漫长的历史风雨的洗礼，现根据有限的资料，对沈垭天主堂近四百年的历史演变做一个简要的梳理，以求教于方家。 相似文献
14.
张俊芳 《唐山师范学院学报》2012,34(1):42-45
拜占廷帝国末期,为换取西方的军事援助,拜占廷皇帝多次向罗马教皇提出东西方教会合并。但由于拜占廷与西方存在着严重的宗教矛盾和民族矛盾,加上教皇权威下降等因素,东西方教会合并难以付诸实践。同时,在教会合并问题上的分歧还加剧了拜占廷帝国内部的社会分化。 相似文献
15.
James Arthur 《Educational studies》1993,19(3):275-287
The initial focus of this research centred on a study of the extent to which government legislation and action since 1965 has threatened or eroded the Catholic Church's influence over its schools within the maintained sector [1]. However, it became clear that this focus was based on the assumption that the Catholic Church in England and Wales had a clear set of educational principles which were not only distinct from those of the state but involved different policy outcomes. Moreover, during the course of the study, evidence emerged which indicated that the Church had not given as much attention to the principles underlying its educational policy as it had to the maintenance and numerical expansion of the schools themselves. It was also realised that the nature of Catholic education cannot be determined solely by examining the Church's official documents. Whilst official Church pronouncements indicate what Catholic education ought to be, they may not correspond to a reality of what a particular Catholic community has made of Catholic education. Therefore, this paper examines some of the beliefs and attitudes of a sample of Catholics involved in Catholic schooling. 相似文献
16.
Marie Clarke 《History of education》2013,42(4):477-493
This paper discusses the manner in which the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland attempted to impose denominational control on the system of vocational education introduced by the state in 1930. Considerable research on education has been conducted within the period in question; however, the area addressed in this paper has been largely neglected by scholars in the field. The position of the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland is examined in the context of Church–state relations within Europe with particular reference to the issue of control in education. The paper argues that the Roman Catholic Church in Ireland sought denominational control over vocational education through the introduction of various amendments to legislation dealing with the system. 相似文献
17.
JOHN KANG TAN 《比较教育学》1997,33(2):211-232
Roman Catholic schools represent an important sector in Hong Kong's education system, both in terms of number and historical significance. As in many colonies in other periods of history, the Roman Catholic Church, in addition to other Christian Churches, had a partnership relationship with the colonial government in the provision of education in Hong Kong. Was there any change in this relationship during the political transition to 1997? Did the prospective return of Hong Kong to the People's Republic of China (PRC) affect Catholic educational policies? This article examines these two questions in relation to the experience of other places in the world and in relation to the special nature of the Catholic Church in Hong Kong, namely its link with the Vatican and its relations with China where Church schools no longer exist. 相似文献
18.
Graham P. McDonough 《British Journal of Religious Education》2017,39(3):247-256
The Catholic laity currently faces some concerns that are of importance to its future. The current decline and ageing of clergy affects the availability of sacraments and leadership. Moreover, the plurality of views among Catholics on ordination, ethical issues and Church governance suggests that controversy may accompany concurrent increased lay involvement. Finally, in recent years theorists have argued that the traditional establishment of clergy and laity as distinct categories unhelpfully sustains the laity in a passive role. So if the Catholic school wishes to respond to these challenges, it would be prudent to have some awareness of how Catholic school adolescents are currently establishing themselves within the Church. This paper uses semi-structured interviews with 16 Catholic high school students to focus on the questions of (1) what images and expectations adolescents have of the laity; and (2) how they respond to the fact of an ageing and declining clergy. These questions are coordinated so that conceptualising about the laity leads to indicating participants’ assumptions about the basis for any action in the Church, thus illuminating how one might think about Catholic education contributing to ecclesial structures. 相似文献
19.
Paul Green 《The Urban Review》2011,43(3):436-464
A review of research on US Catholic education reveals that race is not treated as an important area of analysis like class
and gender. Black Catholics are rarely studied in education let alone mainstream writings. This article examines the social
and educational history of blacks in the US Catholic Church and the dual reality of inclusion and exclusion within a Church
and its schools. This paper focuses on the intersection of the Church and Black Catholic schools as enduring institutions
of opportunity for Black families and their communities. This paper unearths the shared values, assumptions and beliefs about
African American Catholics quest for literacy. The article uses Black Theology as a frame to explain how the intersections
of culture, history and religion influence meaning and educational decision-making. African Americans pursued Catholic education
for two reasons. First, they sought to be educated which both advanced their individual freedom but vastly improved their
community’s economic, social, and political standing. Second, they inserted their own unique cultural and social experiences
into Catholic schools which espoused service and academic excellence. Black Catholic schools well-defined values and academic
excellence is still viewed by African Americans as places of hope and opportunity for students of color. 相似文献
20.
《圣教杂志》是近代中国天主教的喉舌,也是国内外的天主教人士相互进行沟通和交流的平台,直接影响了中国天主教的发展。《圣教杂志》虽是天主教会的机关报,但关心国家命运和社会问题却是贯穿该刊始终的主线。尤其在抗战时期,《圣教杂志》以笔为剑,驳斥日本侵华谬论,揭露其野心和伎俩,痛斥日军暴行,提出爱国的教理依据,号召教民英勇抗日,宣传中国抗战必胜、日本必败,引导国内外天主教教友为抗战救国服务,充分发挥了舆论功能。 相似文献