共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
音位和音位系统的分析、讨论一直是汉语语音研究中的重要问题。本文通过对音位及音位分析原则的阐述，以《汉语拼音方案》的设计、制订 为依据，尝试建立了汉语音通话的音位系统，以促进现代汉语语音的教学。 相似文献
2.
语言之间的差异很大，语音尤其明显，体现在音位上的不同有多方面。本从音位的分类、音位的作用以及“对立”关系三个角度论述了普通话音位的特点。 相似文献
3.
音素在不同的语言中可能起到的作用并不相同。比如,有的相似音素在某些语言中起到区别意义的作用,从而被划分成不同的音位;在另一些语言中不起区别意义的作用,它们出现在不同的语言环境中只是为了发音的方便,被归为一个音位,而它们之间的关系则被看成是同一音位的不同音位变体。因此,音位被看成是语音的社会属性。这就决定了各国的母语者对同样音素的重视程度和敏感程度会有所不同。本分分析了汉语和日语两种语言的音位系统,通过对比找出两种语言在音位上的异同,并由此分析日本留学生在学习汉语语音时的难点。 相似文献
4.
李敏 《石家庄职业技术学院学报》2005,17(1):48-50
普通话音位系统与英语音位系统存在有相同的音、区别特征对称的共性。两者更存在几点差异。对两者相似又不同的音位、普通话中没有的区别特征及普通话中没有的音位（包括音质音位和非音质音位），汉语母语者不易把握。 相似文献
5.
李玉华 《烟台师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,19(4):90-93
本文对英语音位的象征作用作了分析和探讨，作为一种表音文字，英语音位具有一定的象征作用，这种象征作用虽无固定的规律可循，但在长期沿用的习惯中，有些音位经常用于表示某种意思，给人某种语义联想，这些音位似乎具有了自己固定的含义。 相似文献
6.
现代汉语普通话中的[E]音素,在归入/e/音位之后,不应同时再归入/a/音位。这样可使音位系统与音素系统的对应比较整齐。根据音位归并原则,[i]音素可以独立为一个音位,而[□]和[□]音素划归同一音位为好。在使用汉语拼音方案这套记音符号记音时,它的记录对象也存在某种程度的混乱。 相似文献
7.
音位区别特征辨析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
高廉平 《西南师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2002,28(5):156-159
区别特征与语音特征密切相关，区别特征依据于语音特征，没有语音特征就谈不上区别特征；区别特征又不等同于语音特征，它是对语音特征的进一步选择和概括。音位的对立表现为音位区别特征的对立，因而区别特征不是仅能体现语音自然属性差异的语音特征，对立、区别、选择、概括所起到的作用是区别特征的本质功能。区别特征制约于具体语言的系统性，音位的区别特征属于具体的语言工具体的方言，没有超语言或超方言的区别特征，音位理论必须保持自身体系的一贯性、彻底性和相互制约性。 相似文献
8.
语音的模糊性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黎千驹 《唐山师范学院学报》2005,27(1):23-25
探讨语音模糊性的有无及其模糊性特征，应该也必须紧紧扣住自然语言中语音的基本属性来考察，同时在考察方法上，最好从音位的角度来进行考察分析。这主要体现在三个方面：第一，辅音和元音之问过渡区域的存在，导致了语音的模糊性；第二，元音之间的边界不明导致了语音的模糊性；第三，音位之间的对立中和导致了语音的模糊性。 相似文献
9.
周艳芳 《湖南科技学院学报》2005,26(3):117-119
音位是具有辩义功能的最小语音单位。音位与文体的关系密切,具有明显的文体特征,音位的文体特征在诗歌中尤为明显。诗作者为表达其独特的思想,从而选择含有某些特殊音位的词来表达,使诗歌的外在形式与思想内容完美结合起来,达到音位与思想共鸣的效果。 相似文献
10.
英语语言学语音分支中出现频率较高的三个名词音素、音位及音位变体给语言学习者带来很多困惑,其中现代英语语言学对英语音位和音位变体的相互关系,尤其是音位变体的实质等问题很少有明确的界定,这对通彻理解语言学语音系统造成极大障碍。文章将通过分类讨论的方法来明晰这一问题。 相似文献
11.
This study explores early stages of reading acquisition, specifically therelation of phoneme blending and letter recoding to individual differencesin word decoding. The hypothesis was that facility in letter recoding andaccuracy of phoneme blending are substantial components of word decodingin beginning readers but not for skilled reading and that reliance onphoneme-sized decoding of words would dissipate as reading proficiencyincreased. In four studies we examined the ability to recode letters, blendphonemes and decode words in four groups of Dutch children (early Grade1, N = 130, older Grade 1, N = 81, Grade 3, N = 54 and a group of children witha reading lag, N = 356). Phoneme blending was only related to the readingability of beginning Grade 1 children. By the end of Grade 1 ability to blendphonemes did not differentiate reading capacity, nor for older children inGrade 3 and reading disabled children. Letter recoding was related to worddecoding in all four studies, although the strength of that relation diddwindle as reading skill level increased. The results of the study appearconsistent with self teaching hypothesis and other theories that imply atransient role of explicit phonological recoding in word identification. 相似文献
12.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 83first – and 81 fourth graders at the end of theschool year to examine factors accounting forearly reading performance in Finnish, atransparent orthography with a clear mapping ofphonemes onto graphemes. Measures for bothgrades included reading comprehension, phonemeawareness, and object- and digit naming.Additionally measures of skills in morphology,spelling and a screening battery wereadministered to the first graders. The sets ofmeasures accounted for 56% of the variance inreading performance in first grade and 64% infourth grade. Phoneme awareness was stronglyrelated to reading performance and spelling atthe end of first grade, but only forless-skilled readers in fourth grade. Theseresults suggest a larger role for phonemeawareness for children learning a transparentorthography than has been suggested in earlierstudies. At the same time, listeningcomprehension contributed more strongly tofirst-grade reading performance than has beenreported for children learning to readEnglish. 相似文献
13.
Doug Marston Mary Pickart Amy Reschly David Heistad Paul Muyskens Gerald Tindal 《Exceptionality》2013,21(2):97-117
The importance of early literacy instruction and its role in later reading proficiency is well established; however, measures and procedures to screen and monitor proficiency in the area of early literacy are less well researched. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the technical adequacy and validity of early curriculum-based literacy measures, Letter–Sound Correspondence, Onset Phoneme Identification, and Phoneme Segmentation, developed for use within the problem-solving model in the Minneapolis Public Schools and (b) describe the district-wide implementation of these measures. In general, these measures were found to have adequate reliability and validity, have moderate to moderately high correlations with criterion measures (oral reading, report cards), and be sensitive to growth across the school year. A case study of how these measures are used for screening and progress monitoring to improve reading achievement within 1 school is included. Limitations and future directions are also presented. 相似文献
14.
Saskia de Graaff Fred Hasselman Anna M.T. Bosman Ludo Verhoeven 《Learning and Instruction》2008,18(4):391-403
This study investigated whether task instructions affect sound-isolation performance. The effects of phoneme class and phoneme position were also assessed. Two hundred Dutch kindergartners were presented with a free-sound-isolation task and its constrained counterparts: an initial-, a middle-, and a final-sound-isolation task. All tasks contained 17 CVC words. Children's performance on the free-sound-isolation task was better than on the constrained tasks. On all four tasks, children made fewer errors in isolating the initial phoneme than the final phoneme. Isolating the middle phoneme proved to be the most demanding. The effect of phoneme class depended on the type of task and on phoneme position. Findings were placed against the background of sonority and word-final phoneme vocalization in Dutch. 相似文献
15.
Two studies investigating the relationship betweenphoneme awareness and word reading ability in Downsyndrome (DS) are reported. The first study included33 Brazilian individuals with DS (mean age = 23years). They all had begun to read and all showedclear signs of phonological recoding skills. Thirty-three normal children (mean age = 7 years),matched with the individuals with DS for readingability, participated as controls. The second studyincluded individuals with DS with a wider range ofreading ability: a group of 46 readers (mean age = 22years) and a group of 47 nonreaders (mean age = 18years). The results question Cossu, Rossini, andMarshall's (1993a) claim that phoneme awareness is notrelated to alphabetic reading acquisition in DS.Although the individuals with DS who participated inthe first study performed rather poorly on a task thatpresupposes the ability to explicitly manipulatephonological representations, they performed quitewell on a task assessing the ability to detectphonemic similarities in words. We suggest that it wasthis ability that enabled them to acquire phonologicalrecoding skills as well as they did, despite theircognitive limitations. The results of the second studywere consistent with this interpretation. The abilityto detect phonemic similarities in wordssignificantly differentiated between the readers andthe nonreaders, even after we controlled forvariations in letter knowledge, intelligence, andchronological age. 相似文献
16.
论形声字"声符"表意的复杂性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
董性茂 《福建师大福清分校学报》2002,(3):81-87
形声字“声符”表意是形声型汉字写词中的一条基本规律。不管是“表意字形声化”“同源通用分化”,还是“同音假借分化”的形声字,其“声符”和词义之间总有着或隐或现的示意关系。 相似文献
17.
Recent evidence suggests that training in phoneme awareness has a positive impact on beginning reading and spelling. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of instruction in phonological awareness provided in low-income, inner-city kindergarten classrooms by kindergarten teachers and their teaching assistants. Prior to the intervention, the 84 treatment children and 75 control children, who attended inner-city schools in an urban district in upstate New York, did not differ on age, sex, race, SES, PPVT-R score, phoneme segmentation, letter name knowledge, letter sound knowledge, or reading. After the 11 week intervention, the treatment children significantly outperformed the control children on measures of phoneme segmentation, letter name and letter sound knowledge, two of three reading measures, and a measure of invented spelling. Implications for improving beginning reading instruction are discussed. 相似文献
18.
本文首先从音素角度分析，根据声腔的开放和封闭，基本可以把元音和辅音分清楚。但由于开放大小和封闭程度没有明确界限，实际上所获得的是近似的模糊音；再从音位角度分析，发现语音的社会性促成音位变体间的模糊界限；最后从语流音变角度切人，发现相邻音彼此之间的影响及语速快慢、声音高低、强弱等都将导致语音的模糊性。 相似文献
19.
Where American kindergartners are taughtletters and letter sounds, Germankindergartners are not; where American firstand second graders receive an eclectic blend ofwhole language, whole word and phonics-basedapproaches, their German counterparts aretaught by an intensive synthetic phonicsapproach. As a probe to the consequences ofthese pedagogical differences on the emergenceof phoneme awareness, this study administeredtwo tests of phoneme awareness tokindergarten-, first- and second-grade childrenin Germany and America, along with readingtests, the digit span test and a test of RANcolor naming ability. The American kindergartenchildren excelled on a phoneme identityjudgement and a phoneme deletion task that theGerman kindergartners found difficult. Theiradvantage held equally whether the manipulatedsound was a syllable onset or the initial partof a consonant cluster. The first and secondgraders surpassed the kindergartners in bothcountries; however, the German first and secondgraders equaled their American peers on bothtasks and both types of units. In addition,the German children were more accurate decodersof pseudowords by the end of second grade, andthe association between phoneme awareness andGerman decoding ability was weaker. Anincreased emphasis on phonics and the greatertransparency of the German alphabet arediscussed as possible factors in the decodingexcellence of the German second graders and itsdecreased association with phoneme awareness.The contrast between the American and Germankindergartners and the equivalence of the firstand second graders in the two countries areconsistent with a view that phoneme awarenessdevelops primarily as a product of literacyexposure. 相似文献