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1.
Xizang (Tibet) is rich in Leguminosae flora, comprising 41 genera and 254 species
so far known, exclusive of the commonly cultivated taxa (including 11 genera and 16
species). There are 4 endemic genera (with 8 species), 10 temperate genera (with 175
species) and 19 tropical genera (with 46 species) as well as the representatives of those
genera whose distribution centers are in East Asia-North America, Mediterranean
and Central Asia.
1. There are altogether 4 endemic genera of Leguminosae in this region. Accord-
ing to their morphological characters, systematic position and geographical distribution,
it would appear that Salweenia and Piptanthus are Tertiary paleo-endemics, while
Straceya and Cochlianths are neo-endemics. Salweenia and Piptanthus may be some
of more primitive members in the subfamily Papilionasae and their allies are largely
distributed in the southern Hemisphere. The other two genera might have been derived
from the northern temperate genus Hedysarum and the East Asian-North American
genus Apios respectively, because of their morphological resemblance. They probably
came into existanc during the uplifting of the Himalayas.
2. An analysis of temperate genera
There are twelve temperate genera of Leguminosae in the region, of which the
more important elements in composition of flora, is Astragalus, Oxytropis and Cara-
gana.
Astragalus is a cosmopolitan genus comprising 2000 species, with its center
distribution in Central Asia. 250 species, are from China so far known, in alpine zone of
Southwest and Northwest, with 70 species extending farther to the Himalayas and
Xizang Plateau.
Among them, there are 7 species (10%) common to Central Asia, 12 species (15.7%)
to Southwest China and 40 species (60%) are endemic, it indicates that the differentia-
tion of the species of the genus in the region is very active, especially in the subgenus
Pogonophace with beards in stigma. 27 species amounting to 78.5% of the total species of
the subgenus, are distributed in this region. The species in the region mainly occur in
alpine zone between altitude of 3500—300 m. above sea-level. They have developed into
a member of representative of arid and cold alpine regions.
The endemic species of Astragalus in Xizang might be formed by specialization of
the alien and native elements. It will be proved by a series of horizontal and vertical vicarism of endemic species. For example, Astragalus bomiensis and A. englerianus are
horizontal and vertical vicarism species, the former being distributed in southeast part
of Xizang and the latter in Yunnan; also A. arnoldii and A. chomutovii, the former
being an endemic on Xizang Plateau and latter in Central Asia.
The genus Oxytropis comprises 300 species which are mainly distributed in the
north temperate zone. About 100 species are from China so far known, with 40 species
extending to Himalayas and Xizang Plateau. The distribution, formation and differ-
entiation of the genus in this region are resembled to Astragalus. These two genera are
usually growing together, composing the main accompanying elements of alpine mea-
dow and steppe.
Caragana is an endemic genus in Eurasian temperate zone and one of constructive
elements of alpine bush-wood. About 100 species are from China, with 16 species in Xi-
zang. According to the elements of composition, 4 species are common to Inner Mon-
golia and Kausu, 4 species to Southwest of China, the others are endemic. This not only
indicates that the species of Caragana in Xizang is closely related to those species of
above mentioned regions, but the differentiation of the genus in the region is obviously
effected by the uplifting of Himalayas, thus leading to the formations of endemic species
reaching up to 50%.
3. An Analysis of Tropical Genera
There are 19 tropical genera in the region. They concentrate in southeast of Xizang
and southern flank of the Himalayas. All of them but Indigofera and Desmodium are
represented by a few species, especially the endemic species. Thus, it can be seen that
they are less differentiated than the temperate genera.
However, the genus Desmodium which extends from tropical southeast and northeast
Asia to Mexio is more active in differentiation than the other genera. According to Oha-
Shi,s system about the genus in 1973, the species of Desmodium distributed in Sino-Hima-
laya region mostly belong to the subgenus Dollinera and subgenus Podocarpium. The
subgenus Dollinera concentrates in both Sino-Himalaya region and Indo-China with 14
species, of which 7 species are endemic in Sino-Himalaya. They are closely related to
species of Indo-China, southern Yunnan and Assam and shows tha tthey have close con-
nections in origin and that the former might be derived from the latter.
Another subgenus extending from subtropical to temperate zone is Podocarpium.
Five out of the total eight species belonging to the subgenus are distributed in Sino-
Himalaya and three of them are endemic.
An investigation on interspecific evolutionary relationship and geographic distribu-
tion of the subgenus shows that the primary center of differentiation of Podocarpium
is in the Sino-Himalaya region.
Finally, our survey shows that owing to the uplifting of the Himalayas which has
brought about complicated geographic and climatic situations, the favorable conditions
have been provided not only for the formation of the species but also for the genus in cer-tain degree. 相似文献
2.
The classical and numerical taxonomy, palynology and the geographical dis-
tribution of the Genus Schizopepon are dealt with in the present paper. Having comme-
nted on various opinions regarding the systematic position of the genus, the present au-
thors consider that C. Jeffrey’s treatment of Schizopepon as a new and monogeneric tri-
be, Schizopeponeae, should be supported.
The gross morphological characters in the genus are assessed from the taxonomic
point of view. Some characters, such as stamens with an elongated connective or not,
different insertions of ovules and various forms of ovaries and fruits, may be used for
distinguishing subgenera.
The pollen grains of all the species were observed under light microscope (LM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that a strong differentiation
has taken place in the pollen of the genus, and in consequence it may be regarded as an
important basis for dividing subgenera and species. Especially it should be pointed out
that degrees of development of colpi and positions of ora are positively correlated with
the external characters used for distinguishing subgenera.
According to the morphological and palynological characters, the genus Schizopepon
may be divided into three subgenera and eight species: 1. Subgenus Schizopepon: 5 spe-
cies, S. bryoniaefolius Maxim., S. monoicus A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang, S. dioicus Cogn.,
S. longipes Gagnep. and S. macranthus Hand.-Mazz.; 2. Subgenus Rhynchocarpos A. M.
Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 1 species, S. bomiensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang; 3. Subgenus Neoschi-
zopepon A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang: 2 species, S. bicirrhosus (C. B. Clarke) C. Jeffrey
and S. xizangensis A. M. Lu et Z. Y. Zhang.
The 8 OTU’s including all the species of this genus and 31 characters, of which 16 are morphological characters and 15 palynological characters, were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment. After standardization of characters, the correlation and distance matrices were computed. The correlation matrices are made to test the various clustering methods. At last, the UPGMA clustering method was selected and its result
is shown in the form of phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is similar to that of the classical classification.
Schizopepon Maxim. is a genus of East Asia-Himalayan distribution. China has all 8 species and 2 varieties, of which 6 species are endemic. Based on the statistics of spedies number, the distribution centre of the genus is considered to be in the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin water divides) and the adjacent areas of the southwest China. 相似文献
3.
A karyotypical analysis of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bung. of the monotypic genus
Anemarrhena Bung. (Liliaceae) was carried out for the first time. The number of chromo-
somes in root-tip cell of the species was found to be 22, agreeing with that reported by Sato[12], although inconsistent in some other respects, such as position of centromeres, length of chromosomes, and nucleoli, etc. (Table 1 ). According to the terminology defined by Levan et al.［8］, the karyotype formula is therefore 2n=22=2sm (SAT)+2sm+18m.
Photomicrographs of the chromosome complements and idiogram of the karyotype are given
Fig. 1 and 2).
The karyotype of Anemarrhena asphodeloides shows explicitly to be asymmetrical, with three pairs of long chromosomes and eight pairs of short chromosomes. This specialized feature, when considered together with the rare occurrence of the basic chromosome number of 11 of the genus within the Tribe Asphodeleae of Liliaceae (see Table 1), suggests that the genus Anemarrhena is probably a rather specialized one, which has scarcely any intimate relationship with the other genera of the above tribe. The fact that this specialized karyotype is associated with certain trends of morphological specialization, such as flowers possessing three stamens only, gives support to the above suggestion. But, it is impossible to draw a more precise conclusion without a more thorough and comprehensive investigation of the species in question. 相似文献
4.
5.
Leonurus japonicus Houtt. [L. heterophyllus Sweet, L. artemisia (Lour.) S. Y.
Hu] is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines used as a remedy for gynaeco-
logical disease since ancient times. A cytological investigation on the species was carried out
and the materials for chromosomal examination were collected from 26 localities in 20 provi-
noes and autonomous regions of this country. The number of chromosomes in root tip cell of
the species was found to be 20 on the whole (Tab. 1:1), agreeing with those reported by Ma and
al.[2] and probably by Chuang and al.[3] as well.
The genus Leonurus L. is variable in its chromosomes with an aneuploidy of x=9, 10 and
12. The present authors would propose that the primitive basic number of chromosome in the
genus is 9, and thus both 10 and 12 are derived, for: (1) among the 9 species (including 1 sub-
species) heretofore cytologically examined, x=9 occurring in 66.7%, x=10 occurring in 22.2%,
while x=12 occurring only in 11.1%; (2) in generaclosely related to the genus under considera-
tion, such as Panzeria, Galeobdolon and Lamium x=9 being the sole basic number.
But L. japonicus exhibits a mixoploidy of 2n=20 (occurring at the rate of 53.30% of the
total amount of cells examined), 2n=18 (30.70%), and 2n=16 (15.99%) in our work. (Table
1). Since the original basic number of chromosome of the genus is 9 as proposed above, 2n=
20 would be considered as a derived one and the occurrence of 2n=18 probably suggests an
early evolutionary trend of 2n=18→20 of the pecies in question. 相似文献
6.
We have described a new genus Taihangia, collected from, the south part of Taihang
Mountain in northern China. At the same time, comparative studies on Taihangia with its
related genera have been made in various fields including external morphology, anatomy
of carpels, chromosome and pollen morphology by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. In addition, isoperoxidases of two varietier were analysed by means of polya-crylamide gel slab electrophoresis. The preliminary results are as follows:
Morphology: The genus Taihangia is perennial and has simple leaves, occasionally
with 1—2 very small reduced lobes on the upper part of petiole; flowers white, andromo-
noecious and androdioecious, terminal, single or rarely 2 on a leafless scape; calyx and cpicalyx with 5 segments; petals 5; stamens numerous; pistils numerous, with pubescent styles, spirally inserted on the receptacle in bisexual flowers, but with less number of abortive and glabrous pistils in male flowers.
In comparison with the related genera such as Dryas, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia,
the new genus has unisexual flowers and always herbaceous habit indicating its advanced
feature but the genus has a primitive style with thin and short hairs as compared with the genus Dryas which has long, pinnately haired styles, a character greatly facilitamg anemo-choric dissemination. The styles of Taihangia are slender and differ from those of the ge-nus Geum which are articulate, with a persistent hooked rostrum, thus adapting to epizo-ochoric dissemination to a higher degree.
The anatomy of carpels shows the baral position of ovules in the genus Taihangia like those in other related genera such as Dryas, Geum, Acomastylis, Coluria and Waldsteinia. This suggests that the new genus and its related ones are in a common evolutionary line as compared with the other tribes which have a pendulous ovule and represent a separate evolutionary line in Rosaceae. Dorsal and ventral bundles in carpels through sections are free at the base. Neither fusion, nor reduction of dorsals and vertrals. are observed. This shows that the genus Taihangia is rather primitive.
Somatic chromosome: All the living plants, collected from both Honan and Hopei
Provinces were examined. The results show that in these plants the chromosome number
is 2n= 14, and thus the basic number of chromosome is x=7. Such a diploid genus is first
found in both anemochoric and epizoochoric genera. Therefore, in this respect Taihangia is primitive as compared with herbaceous polyploid genus Geum and related ones.
Pollen: The stereostructure shown by scanning electron microscope reveals that the pollen grains of the genus Taihangia are ellipsoid and 3-colporate. There are two types of exine sculpture. One is rather shortly striate and it seems rugulate over the pollen surface; the other is long-striate. The genus Dryas differs in having only short and thick striae over the surface. The genus is similar to the genera Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia in colpustype, but differs from them in that they all have long, parallel striae which are distributed along the meridional line.
In addition, under transmission electron microscope, the exine in the Taihangia and related genera Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria, Waldsteinia and Dryas has been shown to be typically differentiated into two distinct layers, nexine and sexine. The nexine, weakly statined, appears to consist of endoxine with no foot-layer, in which the columellae are fused, and which is thicker beneath the apertures. The sexine is 2-layered, consisting of columellae and tectum. Three patterns of tectum can be distinguished in the tribe Dryadeae: the first, in the genera Taihangia, Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia, is tectate-imperforate, with the sculpturing elements both acute and obtuse at the top and broad at the base; the second, in the genus Dryas, is semitectate, with the sculpturing elements shown in ultrathin sections rod-like and broader at the top than at the base or as broad at the top as at the base, and the third, tectate-perforate, with the sculpturing elements different in size. From the above results, the herbaceous groups and woody ones have palynologically evolved in two distinct directions, and the genus Taihangia is related to other herbaceous genera such as Acomastylis, Geum, Coluria and Waldsteinia, as shown in the electron microphotographs of ultrathin sections. The genus Taihangia, however, is different from related herbaceous genera in that the pollen of Taihangia is dimorphic, i.e. in addition to the above pattern of pollen another one of the exine in Taihangia is rugulate, with the sculpturing elements shown in the ultrathin sections being obtuse or emarginate and nearly as broad at the top as at the base.
The interesting results obtained from the comparative analysis of morphology, ana-
tomy of carpels, chromosome countings, microscopic and submicrosocopic structures of pollen may enable us to evaluate the systematic position of Taihangia and to throw a new light on evolution of the tribe Dryadeae. It is well known that the modes of dissemination of rosaceous fruits play an important role in the expansion and evolution of the family. The follicle is the most primitive and the plants with follicles, like the Spiraeoideae, are mostly woody and mesic, while the achene, drupe and pyrenarium are derived. In Rosoideae having a achene is a common feature. Particularly in the tribe Dryadeae, which is distinguished from the other related tribes by having orthotropous ovules, the methods of dissemination of fruits have developed in three distinct specialized directions: anemochory with long, plumose styles (e.g. Dryas), formicochory or dispersed by ants or other insects, with the deciduous styles (e.g. Waldsteinia and Collria),and epizoochory with the upper deciduous stigmatic part and the lower persistent hooked rostrum, an adhesive organ favouring epizoochory dissemination (e. g. Geum and related taxa). Taihangia is a genus endemic to mesophytic
forest area of northern China. Due to its narrow range and specific habit as well as pubescent styles, neither perfectly adapted to anemochory nor to epizoochory, the genus Taihangia might be a direct progeny of the ancestry of anemochory. Maintaining the diploidy and having an ntermediate sculptural type of pollen, the new genus might probably represent a linkage between anemochory and zoochory (including epizoochory and dispersed by ants).
Experimental evidence from isoperoxidases shows the stable zymograms of root and
roostoks. The anodal isozyme of T. rupestris var. rupestris may be divided into 6 bands:
A, B, C, D, E, F, and T. rupestris var. ciliata into 4 bands: A, B, C, G. The two varietiesof the species share 3 bands: A, B, C. However, D, E and F bands are characteristic of var. rupestris and G band is limited to var. ciliata. As far as the available materials are concerned, the analysis of isoperoxidases supports the subdivision of the species into two varieties. 相似文献
7.
张芝玉 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1982,20(4):402-409
1. The present paper describes the observations of chromosome numbers and
karyomorphology of 2 species of 2 endemic genera and I endemic species of Chinese
Ranunculaceae: Asteropyrum peltatum (Franch.) Drumm et Hutch. 2n=16, x=8;
Kingdonia unifolia Balf. f. et W. W. Sm. 2n=18, x=9 and Calathodes oxycarpa Spra-
gue 2n=16, x=8. The chromosome counts of three ranunculaceous genera are repor-
ted for the first time.
2. The morphylogical, palynological and cytological date in relation to the syste-
matic postition of Asteropyrum, Kingdonia and Calathodes within the family Ranun-
culaceae are diseussed and resulted in following conclusions:
(1). On the basis of the basic number x=8 in Asteropyrum, it is further con-
firmed that this genus is distinct from the r elated genera such as Isopyrum, Dichocarp-
um and other allied taxa.
The comparison of Asteropyrum with Coptis shows that they are identical in short
chromosomes, with magnoflorina and benzylisaquinodine type of alkaloides, but dif-
ferent from coptis in the chromosome numbers (T-type), pantocolpate pollens, united
carpels and the dorsi-ventral type of petioles. In view of these fundamental morpho-
logical and cytological differences, Asterop yrum is better raised to the level of Tribe.
However Asteropyrum and Coptis may represent two divaricate evolutional lines of
Thalictroideae.
(2). The systematic position of the genus Kingdonia has been much disputed in
the past. We support the view of Sinnote (1914), namely, the trilacunar in leaf
traces “the ancient type”, appeared in the angiosperm line very early, while the uni-
lacunar of Kingdonia may be derived from the trilacunar. On the basis of the chromo-
some numbers and morphylogical observation, the present writer accept Tamura’s and
Wang’s treatment by keeping Kingdonia in Ranunculaceae instead of raising it to a
family rank as has been been done by Forster (1961). Kingdonia and Coptis are
similar in having short chromosome with x=9, but with one-seeded fruits; therefore it
is suggested that placed into Thalictroideae as an independent tribe, indicating its close
relationship with Coptideae.
(3). Comparing with its allies, Calathodes being with out petals, seems to be more
primitive than Trollius. But Calathodes differs from Trollius with R-type chromosomes in having T-type chromosome with x=8 and subterminal centromere. Those charac-
teristics show that it is very similar to the related genera of Thalictroideae. But as
Kurita already pointed out that most speci es of Ranunculus have usually large long
chromosomes but some species have compar ativelly short chromosomes, therefore we
regard T-type and R-type chromosomes appear independently in different subfamilies
of Ranunculaceae. According to Tamura, G alathodes seems to be closely related to
Megaleranthis, because of the resemblance in follicles. But due to lack of cytological
data of the latter genus, the relationship between the two genera still is not clear pen-
ding further studies. From the fact that the morphology and chromosomes of the
Calathodes differs from that of all other genera of the Helleboroideae, we consider
Calathodes may form an independent tribe of its own with a closer relationship withTrollieae. 相似文献
8.
木兰科分类系统的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
刘玉壶 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1984,22(2):89-109
A new system of classification of Magnoliaceae proposed. This paper deals mainly with taxonomy and phytogeography of the family Magnoliaceae on the basis of external morphology, wood anatomy and palynology. Different authors have had different ideas about the delimitation of genera of this family, their controversy being carried on through more than one hundred years (Table I). Since I have been engaged
in the work of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, I have accumulated a considerable amount of information and material and have investigated the living plants at their natural localities, which enable me to find out the evolutionary tendencies and primitive morphological characters of various genera of the family. According to the evolutionary tendencies of the characters and the geographical distribution of this family I propose a
new system by dividing it into two subfamilies, Magnolioideae and Liriodendroideae Law (1979), two tribes, Magnolieae and Michelieae Law, four subtribes, Manglietiinae Law, Magnoliinae, Elmerrilliinae Law and Micheliinae, and fifteen genera (Fig. 1 ), a system which is different from those by J. D. Dandy (1964-1974) and the other authors.
The recent distribution and possible survival centre of Magnoliaceae. The members of Magnoliaceae are distributed chiefly in temperate and tropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere, ——Southeast Asia and southeast North America, but a few genera and species also occur in the Malay Archipelago and Brazil of the Southern Hemisphere. Forty species of 4 genera occur in America, among which one genus (Dugendiodendron) is endemic to the continent, while about 200 species of 14 genera occur in Southeast Asia, of which 12 genera are endemic. In China there are about 110 species of 11 genera which mostly occur in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan; 58 species and more than 9 genera occur in the mountainous districts of Yunnan. Moreover, one genus
(Manglietiastrum Law, 1979) and 19 species are endemic to this region. The family in discussion is much limited to or interruptedly distributed in the mountainous regions of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. The regions are found to have a great abundance of species, and the members of the relatively primitive taxa are also much more there than in the other regions of the world.
The major genera, Manglietia, Magnolia and Michelia, possess 160 out of a total of 240 species in the whole family. Talauma has 40 species, while the other eleven genera each contain only 2 to 7 species, even with one monotypic genus. These three major genera are sufficient for indicating the evolutionary tendency and geographical distribution of Magnoliaceae. It is worthwhile discussing their morphological characters and
distributional patterns as follows:
The members of Manglietia are all evergreen trees, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely, filaments very short and flat, ovules 4 or more per carpel. This is considered as the most primitive genus in subtribe Manglietiinae. Eighteen out of a total of 35 species of the genus are distributed in the western, southwest to southeast Yunnan. Very primitive species, such as Manglietia hookeri, M. insignis and M. mega-
phylla, M. grandis, also occur in this region. They are distributed from Yunnan eastwards to Zhejiang and Fujian through central China, south China, with only one species (Manglietia microtricha) of the genus westwards to Xizang. There are several species distributing southwards from northeast India to the Malay Archipelago (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnolia are evergreen and deciduous trees or shrubs, with flowers terminal, anthers dehiscing introrsely or laterally, ovules 2 per carpel, stipule adnate to the petiole. The genus Magnolia is the most primitive in the subtribe Magnoliinae and is the largest genus of the family Magnoliaceae. Its deciduous species are distributed from Yunnan north-eastwards to Korea and Japan (Kurile N. 46’) through Central
China, North China and westwards to Burma, the eastern Himalayas and northeast
India. The evergreen species are distributed from northeast Yunnan (China) to the
Malay Archipelago. In China there are 23 species, of which 15 seem to be very primi-
tive, e.g. Magnolia henryi, M. delavayi, M. officinalis and M. rostrata, which occur in
Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan.
The members of Michelia are evergreen trees or shrubs, with flowers axillary, an-
thers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, gynoecium stipitate, carpels numerous or few.
Michelia is considered to be the most primitive in the subtribe Micheliinae, and is to
the second largest genus of the family. About 23 out of a total of 50 species of this
genus are very primitive, e.g. Michelia sphaerantha, M. lacei, M. champaca, and M.
flavidiflora, which occur in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan (the distributional center
of the family under discussion) and extend eastwards to Taiwan of China, southern
Japan through central China, southwards to the Malay Archipelago through Indo-China.
westwards to Xizang of China, and south-westwards to India and Sri Lanka (Fig. 7).
The members of Magnoliaceae are concentrated in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan
and radiate from there. The farther away from the centre, the less members we are
able to find, but the more advanced they are in morphology. In this old geographical
centre there are more primitive species, more endemics and more monotypic genera.
Thus it is reasonable to assume that the region of Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan,
China, is not only the centre of recent distribution, but also the chief survival centreof Magnoliaceae in the world. 相似文献
9.
10.
张志耘 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(5):394-403
The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the
taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar
to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences
in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed
coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron
microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species.
The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of
which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx.
The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla
entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec-
tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species.
A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given.
This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60
species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu-
tional centre.
Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in
Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic
relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China,
of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide).
The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed.
The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a
member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A.
Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus,
Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and
should be regarded as a separate genus.
The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae,
and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the
above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were
computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At
last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The
result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions. 相似文献
11.
A report of chromosome numbers for eight species endemic to China is
made in the paper, including first counts for 4 genera and 4 species and first karyoty-
pic analyses of two species.
Sinojohnstonia chekiangensis (Migo) W. T. Wang (Boraginaceae) 2n=24*;
Coptis chinenis Franch (Ranunculaceae) 2n=18**;
Dichocarpum dalzielii (Drumm. et Hutch.) W. T. Wang et Hsiao (Ranunculaceae)
2n=24*;
Eomecon chionantha Hance (Papaveraceae) 2n=18;
Camptotheca acuminata Dcne. (Nyssaceae) 2n=44;
Calycanthus chinensis Cheng et S. Y. Chang (Calycanthaceae) 2n=22**;
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Eucommiaceae) n=17;
Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (Araceae) 2n=26;
The previous reports of chromosome numbers of the same groups are compared with
our own (See Table 1). The vouchers for the present study are preserved in the Herba-
rium of Futan University. 相似文献
12.
This paper deals with morphological characters in seedlings and adult plants of 5
species of Chinese Calycanthaceae. The germination of seeds, morphology of cotyledons,
hypocotyl and primary leaves of these species are enumerated, for example, the Chimon-
anthus campanulatus, sp. nov. is characterized by half-hypogaeous and tetragonal coty-
ledons, whereas other species epigaeous; the cotyledons of Calycanthus chinensis is
obtriangular, Chimonanthus praecox, Ch. salicifolius and Ch. nitens are reniform. On
the morphological characters of these adult plants and geographical distribution of 4
species of Chimonanthus are keyed. In addition a new species, Chimonanthus campa-
nulatus, is described and it represents a more primitive type of the genus.
相似文献
13.
The present paper, mainly dealing with phytogeographical, Cytological and Palynolo
gical studies on Chinese Stachyuraceae, is the first part of a series of contributions to systematics of this family. As we know, Stachyuraceae, a monogeneric family, is endemic to
East Asia, with a strong differentiation in China. Systematic position of the family is still uncertain. Undoubtedly, multidisciplinary studies on it wisl give a better understanding of plant differentiation in East-Asiatic floristic region and systematic position of the family.
The distribution of all the 9 Chinese species of Stachyurus have been studied on the basis of morphogeographical method. The status of some taxa has been changed as follows: Stachyurus chinensis Franch. ssp. latus (Li) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. chinen-sis Franch. Ssp. cuspidatus (Li) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. chinensis Franch. ssp. brachystachyus (C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov. S. salicifolius Franch. ssp. lancifolius (C. Y. Wu) Y. C. Tang et Y. L. Cao, stat. nov., S. yunnanensis Franch. var. pedicellatus Rehd. and S. oblongifolius Wang et Tang being reduced as synonyms of S. yunnanensis Franch. From morphological point of view, we would consider that sect. Callosurus is more primitive and its present area might be the preservation center of the family.
In this paper the chromosome numbers of 5 taxa, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. chinensis ssp. chinensis, S. chinensis ssp. cuspidatus, S. salicifolius ssp. salicifolius, S. retusus, are reported for the first time. Along with the chromosome countings of S. himalaicus and S. sigeyosii by S. kurosawa, we come to the conclusion that all the species so far studied have 24 small somatic chromosomes (2n=24).
The pollen grains of 6 taxa, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. obovatus, S. himalaicus, S. chinensis ssp. chinensis, S. salicifolius ssp. salicifolius, S. retusus were also examined. Together with the observations of G. Erdman and Huang Tsengchien on S. himalaicus, it seems that the pollen grains of the genus Stachyurus are rather uniform in morphology. The pollen grains of sect. Callosurus are tricolporoidate, while those of sect. Stachyurusare tricolporate. Two pollen types, representeb by the two sections, though not strongly distinct, may be considered as further evidence of the validity of the two taxa as section.
Sexuality of flowers is also disscussed in the paper. According to our observationon six species, i.e. Stachyurus yunnanensis, S. obovatus, S. himalaicus, S. chinensis, S. salicifolius, S. retusus, the plants are dioecious, which supports T. Makino's observation on S. praecox and H. Hara's on S. himalaicus. Female flowers have relatively large pistils and short stamens with empty anthers, while male flowers have smaller sterile pistils and longer stamens with well developed anthers. 相似文献
14.
本文是继中国始苏铁Primocycas chinensis Zhu et Du之后，又报道一种古植物文献未见记载的早二叠世晚期苏铁科小孢子叶球，命名为古生铁花(新属、种)Cycadostrobilus paleozoicus Zhu，gen. et.sp．nov．标本采自我国山西省太原市东山煤矿的下石盒子组，它是世界迄今已知的一种最古老的小孢子叶球化石。和本新属同层发现的化石，除了中国始苏铁之外，还有楔叶Sphenophyllum、齿叶Tingia，楔羊齿Sphenopteris、楔叶羊齿Sphenopteridium、织羊齿Emplectopteris、栉羊齿Pecopteris、大芦孢穗Macrostachya、科达Cordaites、带羊齿Taeniopteris、角籽Cornucarpus和几种也未见记载而形态又非常特殊的植物。本文认为当前报道的古生铁花(新属、种)很可能和中国始苏铁同属一种植物，其营养叶可能是疏脉带羊齿Taeniopteris norinii Halle。 相似文献
15.
万寿竹六个居群的核型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文研究了在云南境内的万寿竹Disporum cantoniense (Lour．)Merr．从滇东南经滇中到滇西
北不同居群间的核型变异。该种的染色体数目较为稳定，2n=14，没有观察到不同数目的变异。六个
居群的不对称性均属于3B型，但各个居群的核型结构表现出一定的差异，核型间随体位置和数目的不
同以及同源染色体的杂合性是居群间变异的主要特征，这种种内不同居群间核型的变异或许与该种的地理分布及生境有一定的相关性。 相似文献
16.
中国绞股蓝属(葫芦科)的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The genus Gynostemma B1. consists of 13 species and 2 varieties in the whole world,
among which 11 species and 2 varieties occur in China. They are distributed in S. Shaanxi
and the southern part of the Yangtze River (including Taiwan province) in China and also
in Korea, Japan, Sri Lanka, India and Malesia. Based on the characters and dehiscence of fruit, the genus Gynostemma B1. may be divided into two subgenera, i.e. Subgen. I. Gynostemma and Subgen. II. Trirostllum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu ct S. K. Chen,
comb. nov.
1. Subgenus Gynostemma. The fruits are baccate, globose, 3-umbonate and incorni
culate on the apical side, indehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is bifid.
Type of subgenus: Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak.
This subgenus contains 8 species and 2 varieties in the world, among which 6 speci-
es and 2 varieties occur in China, i.e.1.G. simplicifolium B1. (Yunnan, Hainan of Guang-
dong); 2. G. laxum (Wall.) Cogn. (S. Yunnan, Hainan of Guangdong and Guangxi); 3.
G. burmanicum King ex Chakr. (Yunnan), 3a. G. burmanicum var. molle C. Y. Wu (Yun-
nan); 4. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. (S. Shaanxi and the soutern area of the Yangtze
River of China), 4a. G. pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Mak. var. dasycarpum C. V. Wu (Yun-
nan); 5. G. pubescens (Gagnep.) C. Y. Wu, st. nov. (Yunnan); 6. G. longipes C. Y. Wu,
sp. nov. (endemic to China: Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi and Guangxi).
2. Subgenus Trirostellum (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen, comb.
nov.——Trirostellum Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie in Acta Phytotaxonomia Sinica 19 (4):
483. 1981, syn. nov. The fruit are capsules, subcampanulate, 3-corniculate on the apical side, dehiscent when mature. The style apex in female flower is luniform and irregularly denticulate at margin, rarely bifid.
Type of subgenus: Gynostemma cardiospermum Cogn. ex Oliv. This subgenus comprises 5 species, which are all endemic to China. 1. G. yixingense (Z. P. Wang et Q. Z. Xie) C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Jiangsu and Zhejiang); 2. G. cardio spermum Cogn. ex Oliv. (Hubei, Shaanxi and Sichuan); 3. G. microspermum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (S. Yunnan); 4. G. aggregatum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (NW. Yunnan); 5. G.laxiflorum C. Y. Wu et S. K. Chen (Anhui). 相似文献
17.
国产三角瓣花属(茜草科)订正 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
阮云珍 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1988,26(6):443-449
三角瓣花属Prismatomeris Thw．在Hooker(1873)和K．Schumann(1891)的茜草
科分类系统中隶于巴戟族Morindeae Miq．但在 Bremekamp(1966年)的分类系统中，其分类
位置未定。本属的胚根下位，花冠裂片镊合状排列和具针晶等特征与巴戟族相同，但它的花
离生，子房2室，胚珠盾形而着生于子房隔膜上半部等特征则与巴戟族明显不同。 因此，
将本属分立作族并置于Bremekamp所定界的茜草亚科Rubioideae中似乎较合适。 本文还提
供了经挑选的本属10对特征及其分类价值的说明。辨别了两个种：(1)将分布于中国的P.
tetrandra(Roxb．)K．Schum. 修订为 “P.tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum. subsp. multiflora
(Ridley，)Y．Z．Ruan”. (2)P. connata Y． Z. Ruan 被记述作新种它的热带新亚种是 P. connata Y． Z． Ruan subsp. hainanensis Y． Z． Ruan。 相似文献
18.
文章报道了13种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体核型，并对属内核型进化规律作了总结。作者认为随体染色体和第1对染色体可以作为本属核型的特征染色体。染色体数目变异与花部式样密切相关。本属植物原始的染色体基数为x=19。此外，对非整倍性变异的主要机制也进行了讨论。 相似文献