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1.
Farhan Ali 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2016,36(4):473-487
Singaporean students generally perform very well in international tests of mathematics and science. Nonetheless, in multi-cultural Singapore, there exist gaps with the Malays, a minority group in Singapore, systematically lagging behind the other ethnic groups of the Chinese and Indians in many educational performance indicators. While there have been previous qualitative assessments of this issue, rigorous statistical analyses are lacking. In this article, I analyse data from 1991 to 2011 of aggregate percentage passes in national examinations for the different ethnic groups in Singapore. Using time series techniques and regression, I uncovered two major findings. First, the Malay trends in percentage passes for the last two decades were strongly correlated with the non-Malay, national trends. Second, despite the correlation, there remained fluctuations around the national trend by Malay cohorts in the past two decades. Malay cohorts tended to perform better during an upward national trend, but also performed worse during a downward national trend, indicating systematic volatility in performance. The implications of these findings are discussed in the light of current research on educational gaps and three decades of community self-help to improve the educational achievement of the minority Malays in Singapore. 相似文献
2.
This paper examines the educational policy implemented by the British for the Malays, the indigenous community of Malaya. Underpinned by the policy of divide and rule, the British implemented a dualistic system of education for the indigenous Malays: one for the Malay peasantry and another for the Malay nobility. The two systems of education served different purposes and needs of the British. The Malay peasantry was provided with a rural-based Malay education which only had limited value in terms of educational mobility. This rural-based education was to serve as a means of social control for the British by entrapping the Malays in the semi-subsistence economy. On the other hand, the British provided the Malay nobility with an elitist English education that was intended to co-opt the ruling Malay traditional elites into their fold. But contrary to the intention of the British, the Malay-educated intelligentsia, in particular those from the Sultan Idris Training College became radical nationalists who adopted an anti-British stand. Such an unintended development was the result of the role played by O.T. Dussek (the college principal), the infusion of nationalistic sentiment from neighboring Indonesia and the threat posed by the Chinese immigrants. However, the radical stand of the Malay-educated intelligentsia was neutralized by the Malay traditional elites who adopted a pro-British stand. It was the Malay traditional elites who eventually led the Malays toward the independence of Malaya. 相似文献
3.
To test the lexical restructuring hypothesis among bilingual English‐language learners, English phonological awareness (PA), English vocabulary and ethnic language vocabulary (Mandarin Chinese, Malay or Tamil) were assessed among 284 kindergarteners (168 Chinese, 71 Malays and 45 Tamils) in Singapore. A multi‐level regression analysis showed that English vocabulary, in interaction with mother's education, statistically significantly predicted Singaporean children's PA; ethnic language vocabulary did not. Thus, the present study supports the lexical restructuring hypothesis that growth in vocabulary changes how lexical items are stored, leading to the development of PA. Home language practices, as represented by mother's education, may also enhance children's PA after a threshold of English vocabulary is reached. In addition, specific ethnic language (Chinese, Malay or Tamil) was a statistically significant predictor of PA, suggesting that orthographic depth as well as syllabic complexity of a bilingual's other language may influence their development of English PA. 相似文献
4.
许红艳 《南宁师范高等专科学校学报》2013,(4):83-87
南岛语民族是一个重要的民族群体,这个民族群体主要分布在东南亚的海岛地区,是海岛地区的主体民族。但研究表明,这个民族群体并不是当地的土著,而是后来才迁徙过来的。大约在新石器时期,南岛语民族的先民已来到马来半岛地区。但在早期历史上,其势力还比较弱小,没有形成一个统一的中央集权国家。直到公元15世纪初马六甲崛起后,马来半岛的现代民族--马来人才得以形成。 相似文献
5.
齐顺利 《河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2008,35(4):79-83
马来西亚民族建构离不开马来政治民族主义和文化民族主义的互动。在马来政治民族主义的极力争取下,1957年马来亚联合邦宪法最终体现了“马来人的马来亚”的理念,这也是马来（西）亚民族建构的开始。在马来人获得政治领导权的基础上,马来文化民族主义致力于把马来文化上升到意识形态的高度,以马来族群的文化作为整合马来西亚社会的基础。在马来西亚民族建构的推动下,马来文化从建国前的弱势文化发展成为一种强势文化,反过来,马来文化强势地位的形成对马来西亚民族建构产生了多重影响。 相似文献
6.
Kathleen Chia 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1995,15(1):48-58
When do children reliably understand that a simple narrative text such as a fable is conveying a point or moral lesson? What role does culture play in influencing understanding? These questions were explored in a cross-sectional sample of 192 children, aged 7, 9 and 11 years drawn from the two largest groups in Singapore, Chinese and Malays. During interviews the child participants were read traditional Aesop's, Chinese and Malay fables and manipulated fables and fable-like stories, and asked to identify and generate the points or morals. The sample and design of the study allowed for comparisons with similar American research. The evidence suggests that, as predicted, cultural background exerts a positive influence on this ability. A number of ethnic differences in response between the Chinese and Malays emerged and possible reasons for these are discussed. 相似文献
7.
This article focuses on the joint attempt by the Singapore Government and the minority Malay Community during the decade from 1982 to 1992, primarily through the formation of Mendaki (the Council on Education for Muslim Children), to tackle the problem of Malay educational underachievement. It analyzes the complex interplay of social, economic and political factors that led to the formation of Mendaki. The strategies adopted by Mendaki to improve Malay educational achievement will also be examined, along with the problems it encountered, in particular with regard to its legitimacy among the Malay community. A major theme running through the article is that the issue of Malay educational underachievement is closely related to, and cannot be considered in isolation from, wider political, social and economic trends pertaining to the problems of interethnic harmony in a multiethnic society . 相似文献
8.
袁欢 《岳阳职业技术学院学报》2012,(3):113-115
马来人服饰发展之初主要受印度文化影响,13世纪随着伊斯兰文化的传播,马六甲王国时期形成独特的"马来亚"服饰。16世纪以后,西方文化使得传统服饰逐渐被忽视,直到通过20世纪80年代的"伊斯兰教复兴"运动,马来人才陆续穿回了传统服饰。现今的马来人服饰在伊斯兰化的基础上具有相对差异性。马来人服饰变迁体现出马来文化的开放与包容以及对本土文化的继承与发扬。 相似文献
9.
This study surveys 200 Malay students enrolled in three Chinese primary schools in relation to three issues, i.e., parental choice of schooling, learning processes and inter-ethnic friendship patterns. The three issues are explored through a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Parental expectations for their children's learning and academic outcomes emerge as the dominant factor influencing Malay enrollment in Chinese primary schools. Unfortunately, the Malay students are unable to meet these high expectations due to learning difficulties that stem from the lack of proficiency in the Chinese-medium of instruction, despite intervening measures by the school authorities. Their learning difficulties are also compounded by the lack of parental inputs as well as the limited use of code-switching by teachers. Meanwhile, the fostering of inter-ethnic friendships is impeded by ethnic differences, the rise of Islamic awareness and the increased numerical size of Malay students. However, there is a willingness among the Malay students to interact with the Chinese students through task-related activities, indicating that the fostering of inter-ethnic friendships needs to be guided by a convergence of interests. 相似文献
10.
This paper examines the politics and practice of education in Malaysia within the context of ethnicity and nation building. Public education in Malaysia—particularly, but not exclusively, at the pre-university level—is promoted as a nation-building tool, seeking to inculcate a sense of Malaysian-ness and patriotism. Simultaneously, however, public education—particularly, but not exclusively, at the university level—is used as a tool for the promotion of ethnic Malay interests. These two objectives are not necessarily contradictory; indeed the assertion that a vital ingredient in the creation of a ‘Malaysian nation’ is the eradication of inter-ethnic economic disparities has been at the heart of the Malaysian regime's discourse on nation building since the ethnic riots of May 1969. Hence, in this view, preferential policies for the economically disadvantaged but numerically dominant Malays are a necessary component of the nation-building project. Nonetheless, there are at least clear tensions between these two functions of education—tensions, which, I shall argue, help explain both the particularly sensitive politics of education in Malaysia, and the discursive stance the Malaysian regime has adopted within the educational field. 相似文献
11.
Jason Tan 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1997,17(1):41-57
This article traces the development since 1959 of various policies aimed at upgrading Malay educational achievement in order to close the socio-economic gap between the Malay and non-Malay communities in Singapore. It analyses the various economic and political factors that have shaped policy decisions. Several recurrent themes in official discourse on the Malays' educational problems are highlighted, along with the tensions inherent in these policies. The article concludes by discussing the extension of the strategies initiated in the 1980s to encompass the economically disadvantaged sections of the Indian and Chinese communities as well. 相似文献
12.
Lee LW 《Annals of dyslexia》2008,58(1):37-57
Malay is an alphabetic language with transparent orthography. A Malay reading-related assessment battery which was conceptualised based on the International Dyslexia Association definition of dyslexia was developed and validated for the purpose of dyslexia assessment. The battery consisted of ten tests: Letter Naming, Word Reading, Non-word Reading, Spelling, Passage Reading, Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Elision, Rapid Letter Naming and Digit Span. Content validity was established by expert judgment. Concurrent validity was obtained using the schools' language tests as criterion. Evidence of predictive and construct validity was obtained through regression analyses and factor analyses. Phonological awareness was the most significant predictor of word-level literacy skills in Malay, with rapid naming making independent secondary contributions. Decoding and listening comprehension made separate contributions to reading comprehension, with decoding as the more prominent predictor. Factor analysis revealed four factors: phonological decoding, phonological naming, comprehension and verbal short-term memory. In conclusion, despite differences in orthography, there are striking similarities in the theoretical constructs of reading-related tasks in Malay and in English. 相似文献
13.
14.
范锦飘 《海南广播电视大学学报》2011,12(2):99-102
随着对德育研究的进一步深入,特别是随着城市化的日益发展,许多学者把德育研究焦点转移到了城市化对德育的影响上。20多年来,这一领域的研究还没有形成系统的论述,还有许多值得关注的地方。全面总结这一领域研究的得失,对进一步的研究工作将有一定借鉴意义。 相似文献
15.
张蓝蓝 《中山大学学报论丛》1993,(1)
普查1931～1990年4～5月逐日850hPa风场,发现马来半岛夏季风爆发的平均日期在5月20日前后,自它爆发后海南逐渐进入讯期首次高峰,文中重点对比了暴雨日异常少和多的1983年和1936年5月的月平均850hPa流场和逐日资料,结果表明,这两年夏季风爆发时间出现了异常,而且夏季风的强度、低纬环流、暴雨天气系统都有明显差异,受热带辐合带和热带气旋影响是夏季风爆发后海南岛5月暴雨偏多甚至异常多的主要原因。 相似文献
16.
Ahmad Kamal Mohd Natar Rajendran Nagappan Husna Ahmad Ainuddin Ghazali Masuri Chandra Kannan K. Thanapalan 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(1):27-40
Current cognitive screening tests are difficult to use due to their deficit in cultural and conceptual significance and translation into other languages. The purpose of this study was to translate the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatrics (LOTCA-G) into Malay language and test its reliability and validity for assessing cognitive deficit among institutional elderly who undergo occupational therapy. The study was based on a single group test–retest design of 52 selected subjects (among the elderly). Cronbach's alpha values were used to examine the reliability of the instrument. Convergent validity was also assessed by comparing the adapted Malay version to the original English version for any inconsistencies and abnormality in interpretation. This study concluded that the Malay version of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatrics is reliable as the overall Cronbach's alpha value was more than .90. This study also indicated that both the adapted Malay version and the original English versions of the instruments were consistent in their performance in cognitive components. The findings pointed out that the Malay version of the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment for Geriatrics is appropriate and reliable in identifying deficits in cognitive components in relation to occupational performance for the Malaysian elderly population. 相似文献
17.
An elementary version of the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and a scale for determining students' Enjoyment of their Science Lessons (ENJ) were translated into Standard Malay. This process, together with its initial validation carried out in 136 classrooms with 3,104 students, is described in this paper. Statistical analyses revealed that data from this Malay version of the QTI with these Malay-speaking elementary school students in Brunei are indeed valid and reliable. Associations between students' perceptions of their teachers' interpersonal behaviours and their end-of-year results on an external science examination were investigated. Students' perceptions of cooperative behaviours were positively correlated, while submissive behaviours were negatively correlated with their cognitive achievement. Cross-national comparisons were made between students' perceptions of teachers' classroom interaction and similar studies in Singapore, Australia, and Korea. 相似文献
18.
张琴凤 《四川教育学院学报》2006,22(5):54-56
黄锦树作为马华新生代作家的核心人物，其挑战传统的异端姿态引起了马华文坛的极大关注，可以从失踪——寻找的叙事模式、故事新编的叙事策略、象征、诡谲的叙事手法、实验性的后设技术等几个层面深入阐释作家创作的多元叙事形态。 相似文献
19.
《Australian Journal of Learning Difficulties》2013,18(1):33-46
Pre-service special educators' Malay word structure knowledge was assessed through their analysis of words. A total of 69 participants analysed a vocabulary list based on a set of criteria formulated from the Malay language word structure. Results indicated that they were able to count syllables and phonemes, and identify types of affixations; however, they were unable to identify syllabic structures and word categories accurately. The morphemic and phonetic structure of words also had a moderating effect on their analysis of syllabic structures. The results implied that pre-service teachers of a transparent language still needed explicit instruction in grapheme–phoneme skills, phonic skills, morphological structure and word categories, but less instruction on phonological structure. 相似文献
20.
The field of higher education research has bourgeoned in the past decades, addressing a wide range of topics. Being in a rapidly expanding and interdisciplinary field of research, higher education scholars have demonstrated exigency for aggregating research findings to map the research landscape, identify future research directions, and bridge the research-practice divide. In this connection, systematic literature reviews have been carried out to consolidate research findings. With a proliferation of systematic literature reviews in higher education, the aim of this meta, methodological review is to provide a state-of-the-art systematic literature review methodologies in the field of higher education. Adhering to the exploratory nature of this study, this review analyses systematic literature reviews published in 16 top-tiered international journals in higher education (n = 160). Through qualitative research synthesis using thematic analysis and informed by grounded theory, a methodological framework comprising six stages and 20 steps is developed, which might help to instigate methodological dialogue between researchers when it comes to conducting systematic literature reviews. A handy checklist for conducting and evaluating systematic literature reviews in higher education is created. 相似文献