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1.
Ajda Kahveci 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2010,5(3):735-741
Recent elaborations on cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) (Engestr?m et al., eds., Perspectives on activity theory.
New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999) and its relation to organizational theories have produced a theoretical amalgam of these earlier ideas, which allow for
the exploration of learning in formal organizational contexts such as schools. In this paper I reflect on Candela’s work situated
in undergraduate Mexican physics by drawing attention to the CHAT-IT framework (Ogawa et al., Educational Researcher 37(2):83–95,
2008) as a viable lens. I suggest that it is important to understand the historical development of the Mexican university as an
educational organization as well as the role of physics professors as agents of change whose practices contribute to not only
breaking classroom walls but also to transforming the organization affecting future activity systems. 相似文献
2.
Maeghan N. Hennessey Kelli Higley Steven R. Chesnut 《Educational Psychology Review》2012,24(2):187-204
Mathematics teachers face a myriad of instructional obstacles. Since the early 1990s, mathematics education researchers have
proposed the use of constructivist practices to counteract these ever-prevalent obstacles. While we do give credit to the
choices of instructional activities the constructivist paradigm promotes, there are problems with its use as the foundation
of mathematics pedagogy (e.g., Phillips, Educational Researcher 24: 5–12 1995; Simon, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 26: 114–145 1995). In this paper, we will analyze and review the literature pertaining to the conceptual tenets and operational practices
of constructivism, and the viability of these practices for meeting the professional teaching standards proposed by the National
Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM; 2000). We will then review the literature pertaining to a paradigm of teaching that may be more applicable, that of persuasive
pedagogical practices, and the ways in which these practices can differentially meet the goals of the mathematics standards.
The differences between constructivism and persuasive pedagogy lead us to believe that the adoption of the theory of teaching
as persuasion, or persuasive pedagogy, may be more appropriate for learning mathematics and the identification and correction
of misconceptions. Further, these pedagogical practices correspond with suggestions for mathematical discourse provided by
NCTM (2000). 相似文献
3.
Jeffrey Alan Greene Lara-Jeane Costa Kristin Dellinger 《Metacognition and Learning》2011,6(3):275-301
Researchers often use measures of the frequency of self-regulated learning (SRL; Zimmerman, American Educational Research Journal, 45(1), 166–183, 2000) processing as a predictor of learning gains. These frequency data, which are really counts of SRL processing events, are
often non-normally distributed, and the accurate analysis of these data requires the use of specialized statistical models.
In this study, we demonstrate how to implement and interpret count statistical models in path and latent profile analyses
to investigate the role of SRL as a mediator of the relation between pretest and posttest conceptual understanding. Our findings
from a sample of 170 college students using a computer to learn about the circulatory system show that SRL does mediate the
aforementioned relation, and that count models are a more accurate representation of SRL processing data than standard analysis
models based on ordinary least squares estimation. The results of our path analyses revealed which specific SRL processes
were related to learning, above and beyond the effect of prior knowledge. Our latent profile analysis revealed two groups
of participants, indicative of Brophy’s (2004) model of schematic and aschematic learners. We conclude with implications and future directions for basic and applied SRL
research. 相似文献
4.
This qualitative study examined the development of bilingual and bicultural preservice teachers’ beliefs and attitudes about
social justice and its role in the education of language minority children. Fraser’s in Redistribution or recognition: a political-philosophical
exchange. Verso, New York, (2003) perspectival dualist framework, which calls for the consideration of both the distribution of resources and the recognition
of cultural identity, was applied to the investigation of participants’ social justice claims. In addition to observing these
preservice teachers in their courses and conducting interviews, the researchers also analyzed the teaching practices of their
bilingual-bicultural professors. Findings indicate that bilingual teacher candidates need to have space and support for reflecting
upon the conflicting meanings they might ascribe to experiences and insights gained through the occupation of different identity
positions. Bilingual-bicultural university professors’ ability to recognize and legitimate the experiences and perspectives
of bilingual/bicultural teacher candidates was significant and empowering. 相似文献
5.
P. G. Schrader Michael McCreery 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(5-6):557-574
Educational learning environments have changed dramatically in the last 20 years. Advances in technology have enabled the World Wide Web and a sundry of other tools. In response, many researchers have argued that one way to understand learning in a complex world is to examine user interactions within Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) [Gee (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. New York: Palgrave/St. Martin's; Squire (2003). Educational Researcher, 35(8), 19–29; Young, Schrader, & Zheng, 2006]. However, few empirical investigations have explored MMOGs as a context for learning. As a result, a 20-item, Likert-type instrument was administered to 2140 participants who actively play MMOGs. Items were designed to measure players’ gaming experiences as they developed requisite skill sets and learned game content. Specifically, this investigation examined how participants’ age ranges and levels of expertise relate to behaviors, strategies, and skills exhibited with an MMOG environment. Although results are not necessarily conclusive, implications for understanding gaming expertise in contemporary educational environments are discussed. 相似文献
6.
A. G. Breidenstine 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(1):91-135
Responses on a Likert-type instrument, the Eight College Professors (Form B), from 664 education juniors and seniors in five small colleges were analyzed to examine the preferential rankings given four types of social science professors as an instructor. While some suggestive variations were observed, the overall order of preference was Teacher—Socialite—Researcher—Administrator (the least preferred) . This was in contrast to earlier findings on university students who placed Researcher ahead of Socialite. Female professors were consistently less preferred to male professors by college students of both sexes. 相似文献
7.
Shelly Sheats Harkness 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2009,70(3):243-258
The study reported here is the third in a series of research articles (Harkness, S. S., D’Ambrosio, B., & Morrone, A. S.,in
Educational Studies in Mathematics 65:235–254, 2007; Morrone, A. S., Harkness, S. S., D’Ambrosio, B., & Caulfield, R. in Educational Studies in Mathematics 56:19–38, 2004) about the teaching practices of the same university professor and the mathematics course, Problem Solving, she taught for preservice elementary teachers. The preservice teachers in Problem Solving reported that they were motivated and that Sheila made learning goals salient. For the present study, additional data were
collected and analyzed within a qualitative methodology and emergent conceptual framework, not within a motivation goal theory
framework as in the two previous studies. This paper explores how Sheila’s “trying to believe,” rather than a focus on “doubting”
(Elbow, P., Embracing contraries, Oxford University Press, New York, 1986), played out in her practice and the implications it had for both classroom conversations about mathematics and her own mathematical
thinking. 相似文献
8.
In this article we intend to contribute to the understanding of interest-driven learning which occurs when people find and
choose an interest of their own. This engagement continues over a long time and includes development and learning. The empirical
material consists of 14 learning stories written by experienced and skilled informants in folk dance and different crafts. The purpose is to illuminate the diversity
and complexity of learning and meaning the informants assign to dance or crafts. This is what we consider to be the perspective
of learning by interest. We also argue for the importance of understanding learning by interest as embedded in cultural heritage and social and cultural
changes. Theoretically, we draw on John Dewey (1913/2009; 1934/2005). Learning folk dance or crafts is largely a question of learning by doing, which makes experience important. The interest and effort involved can in our interpretation be understood as experiences where expressions of commitment are embedded. The empirical analysis highlights three emphases in this illumination of the learning process. The first considers
the individual development of skill in relation to broadened learning of collective tasks. The second perspective focuses
on the interplay between learning in a life course and significant learning experiences. The third concerns the interplay
between personal meaning and craftsmanship. In sum, this paper contributes to the understanding of learning by interest as
a useful concept. In the final discussion we expand our perspective since the contrast is obvious between learning by interest
and interpretations of the contemporary society, where individualization and lack of commitment is stressed. 相似文献
9.
David H. Jonassen 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(1):159-175
The purpose of this paper is to familiarize instructional designers and researchers with a useful design and research paradigm
known as “Ask Systems.” Ask Systems are interrogative interfaces to information and learning environments that model conversations
with a skilled, reflective practitioner (Sch?n, The reflective practitioner, 1983) or teacher. By selecting questions to answer, users access information or scaffolds that help them to solve a problem, perform
a task, or comprehend domain knowledge. Ask Systems are potentially effective for designing interactive learning systems because
question asking is one of the most fundamental skills in learning that affects comprehension and problem solving (Graesser
et al., in: Britton and Graesser (eds.) Models of understanding text, 1996b; Graesser et al., Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 3:235–241, 1992). By selecting questions to answer, students may also learn how to generate their own meaningful questions, because the quality
of student-generated questions is strong predictor of domain knowledge and problem solving (Graesser and Olde, Journal of
Educational Psychology, 95(3):524–536, 2003). Ask Systems are demonstrated that represent a variety of learning and task structures, including frequently asked questions,
problem solving, metacognition, causal understanding, and multiple perspectives. Although empirical research on Ask Systems
is very limited, they appear to represent a potentially effective paradigm for designing instruction and conducting research
in a variety of learning environments. 相似文献
10.
Elise Lockwood 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》2011,78(3):307-322
The purpose of this article is to explore student-generated connections among counting problems. The literature indicates
that such problems pose difficulties for students, who struggle to detect common structures and identify models of underlying
problem types. A case study is presented here, in which students elaborate upon connections they make during the problem solving
process. The selected case study highlights student work on three particular combinatorics problems, one of which highlights
tendencies toward over-counting. The conception of Lobato (Educational Researcher 3(1):17–20, 2003) of actor-oriented transfer, in which students’ (as opposed to experts’) notions of similarity are emphasized, is used as
a means by which to analyze the resulting qualitative data. Results include (1) a domain-specific categorization of fundamental
types of actor-oriented transfer in combinatorics and (2) implications that there is much to be gained when students attend
to features of problems that experts might not emphasize. 相似文献
11.
Charlotte Woods 《Higher Education》2010,60(2):171-185
This article has dual aims. First, it proposes an explicit focus on emotion as a means of enriching thinking about employee
health and wellbeing in the higher education (HE) sector. Second, in order to bring conceptual clarity to a highly complex
area, it presents and illustrates (using a fictional scenario) a framework for understanding emotion. The article begins with
an overview of recent published research relevant to the HE workplace as an affective domain and argues that research with
an explicit focus on emotion is a so far little exploited means of investigating aspects of working life in HE that have implications
for health and professional practice. It then presents a conceptualisation that views emotion as a system within which individual
and environmental factors interact in highly intricate ways in emotional experience (Lazarus in Emotion and adaptation. Oxford
University Press, Oxford, 1991, 1999). Viewed from this perspective ‘emotions’, as opposed to less powerful ‘affects’ (such as attitudes, beliefs and opinions),
are uniquely relevant to physical and mental health. The article concludes by considering implications arising from this perspective
on emotion for researchers and other practitioners in HE with an interest in how the university workplace impacts on the wellbeing
of an increasingly diverse workforce. 相似文献
12.
Cognitive load theory is intended to provide instructional strategies derived from experimental, cognitive load effects. Each
effect is based on our knowledge of human cognitive architecture, primarily the limited capacity and duration of a human working
memory. These limitations are ameliorated by changes in long-term memory associated with learning. Initially, cognitive load
theory's view of human cognitive architecture was assumed to apply to all categories of information. Based on Geary’s (Educational Psychologist 43, 179–195 2008; 2011) evolutionary account of educational psychology, this interpretation of human cognitive architecture requires amendment.
Working memory limitations may be critical only when acquiring novel information based on culturally important knowledge that
we have not specifically evolved to acquire. Cultural knowledge is known as biologically secondary information. Working memory
limitations may have reduced significance when acquiring novel information that the human brain specifically has evolved to
process, known as biologically primary information. If biologically primary information is less affected by working memory
limitations than biologically secondary information, it may be advantageous to use primary information to assist in the acquisition
of secondary information. In this article, we suggest that several cognitive load effects rely on biologically primary knowledge
being used to facilitate the acquisition of biologically secondary knowledge. We indicate how incorporating an evolutionary
view of human cognitive architecture can provide cognitive load researchers with novel perspectives of their findings and
discuss some of the practical implications of this view. 相似文献
13.
J. Patrick Biddix Patricia A. Somers Joseph L. Polman 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(3):133-147
Using a case study approach, the authors examine the democratic and civic engagement learning outcomes of a campus protest.
The conceptual framework is built on the ideas outlined in Learning Reconsidered (Keeling 2004) and modeled in its pragmatic follow-up, Learning Reconsidered 2 (Keeling 2006). Results suggest student and campus administrator actions during a campus protest support democratic aims, student development,
and digital age democracy. Recommendations for campus educators are included. This study extends previous discussion on activism’s
journey from detrimental to developmental (Astin 1999; Chambers & Phelps 1993; Hamrick 1998; Hunter 1988) by mapping the learning environment through the interaction of protestor and university and by incorporating new forms of
activism.
J. Patrick Biddix received his Ph.D. in Educational Leadership and Policy Studies with specialization in Higher Education from the University
of Missouri–St. Louis. He is currently Assistant Professor of Higher Education and Research Methodology in the Department
of Curriculum, Leadership, and Technology at Valdosta State University. His primary research interests include college student
uses of technology outside the classroom, career pathways in student affairs, and research methodology.
Patricia A. Somers received her Ph.D. in Educational Administration with specialization in Higher Education from the University of New Orleans.
She is currently an Associate Professor of Higher Education at the University of Texas at Austin. Her primary research interests
include college access, student persistence, student development theory, and two-year colleges.
Joseph L. Polman received his Ph.D. in Learning Sciences from Northwestern University. He is currently an Associate Professor of Educational
Technology in the Division of Teaching and Learning at the University of Missouri–St. Louis. His primary research interests
include inquiry-based learning involving computers and the Internet as tools, viewed from a sociocultural perspective. 相似文献
14.
Justification and Persuasion about Cloning: Arguments in Hwang’s Paper and Journalistic Reported Versions 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
María Pilar Jiménez-Aleixandre Marta Federico-Agraso 《Research in Science Education》2009,39(3):331-347
We examine the argumentative structure of Hwang et al.’s (2004) paper about human somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT, or ‘therapeutic cloning’), contrasted with four Journalistic Reported
Versions (JRV) of it, and with students’ summaries of one JRV. As the evaluation of evidence is one of the critical features
of argumentation (Jiménez-Aleixandre 2008), the analysis focuses on the use of evidence, drawing from instruments to analyze written argumentation (Kelly et al. 2008) and from studies about the structure of empirical research reports (Swales 2001). The objectives are: 1) To examine the use of evidence and the argumentative structure of Hwang et al.’s Science, 303: 1669–1674 (2004) original paper in terms of the criteria: a) pertinence of the evidence presented to the claims; b) sufficiency of the evidence
for the purpose of supporting the claims; and c) coordination of the evidence across epistemic levels. 2) To explore how the
structure of Hwang’s paper translates into the JRV and into university students’ perceptions about the evidence supporting
the claims. The argumentative structure of Hwang’s paper is such that its apparently ostensible main claim about NT constitutes
a justification for a second claim about its therapeutic applications, for which no evidence is offered. However, this second
claim receives prominent treatment in the JRV and in the students’ summaries. Implications for promoting critical reading
in the classroom are discussed. 相似文献
15.
16.
ABSTRACT One of the blended learning strategies that researchers and educators commonly use in higher education is Flipped Classroom. The purpose of this case study was to explore how both professors and students perceive student engagement in flipped classrooms. Three college professors who implemented flipped classrooms and their 14 students participated in the study. Three individual faculty interviews and three student focus group interviewers were conducted. Five components of the utilization-focused evaluation model were used in the data coding. The findings revealed both positive and negative opinions depending on how they implemented the flipped classroom including the engagement of students and the environment. Faculty participants who fully implemented the flipped model had positive opinions about the implementation and student engagement, finding the model helped increase student performance and grades. In addition, the majority of student participants liked the challenges offered by the flipped classroom, which increased their engagement. 相似文献
17.
18.
The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) states that “Communication is an essential part of mathematics and mathematics education” (2000, p. 60). In fact, communication is one of the five process standards emphasized by NCTM. The communication standard highlights the importance of young children communicating their mathematical thinking coherently to peers and teachers. This standard also states that young children should use math language to express mathematical ideas (Baroody, 2000; Ginsburg, Inoue, & Seo, 1999; NCTM, 2000; Rubenstein & Thompson, 2002; Whitin & Whitin, 2003). Teachers must create a link between mathematics and language (Rubenstein & Thompson, 2002; Stigler & Hiebert, 2004). This article focuses on the informal strategies used by Melissa (a kindergarten teacher) that promoted the use of math language. The strategies were identified during a 3-month observational period in her classroom at Clinton Elementary (pseudonym). Clinton Elementary is located in a low-income neighborhood of a southern city that has a population of approximately 450,000. The neighborhood population is predominantly African-American (Davis, 1994). 相似文献
19.
Bradley E. Cox Kadian L. McIntosh Patrick T. Terenzini Robert D. Reason Brenda R. Lutovsky Quaye 《Research in higher education》2010,51(8):767-788
Decades of research demonstrate that college students benefit from positive interaction with faculty members, although that
same evidence suggests that those interactions are far from common, particularly outside the classroom. Moreover, relatively
little is known about which, when, how, and why faculty members choose to engage with students outside of the classroom. Guided
by the theory that faculty members use in-class behaviors to signal their “psychosocial approachability” for out-of-class
interaction with students (Wilson et al. in Sociology of Education 47(1):74–92, 1974; College professors and their impact on students, 1975), this study uses data from 2,845 faculty members on 45 campuses to identify the personal, institutional, and pedagogical
factors that influence the frequency and type of interaction faculty members have with students outside of the classroom. 相似文献
20.
In this paper, we examine the support given for the ‘theory of formal discipline’ by Inglis and Simpson (Educational Studies
Mathematics 67:187–204, 2008). This theory, which is widely accepted by mathematicians and curriculum bodies, suggests that the study of advanced mathematics
develops general thinking skills and, in particular, conditional reasoning skills. We further examine the idea that the differences
between the conditional reasoning behaviour of mathematics and arts undergraduates reported by Inglis and Simpson may be put
down to different levels of general intelligence in the two groups. The studies reported in this paper call into question
this suggestion, but they also cast doubt on a straightforward version of the theory of formal discipline itself (at least
with respect to university study). The paper concludes by suggesting that either a pre-university formal discipline effect
or a filtering effect on ‘thinking dispositions’ may give a better account for the findings. 相似文献