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1.
Despite its prevalence in many educational systems, multigrade teaching remains invisible. In the global effort to achieve education for all in the post-Dakar decade the needs of multigrade teachers, classes and schools must be addressed. The paper (i) explores the meaning of the term multigrade teaching in developing and industrialised countries and identifies a range of conditions under which it arises; (ii) synthesises knowledge of the practice of and research on multigrade teaching; and (iii) proposes an international agenda for future research on and dissemination of policy and practice. The agenda underlines the need for context-specific questions and comparisons, more awareness of the prevalence and challenges of multigrade teaching, more research on the practices and training needs of multigrade teaching and the exploration of synergies between teachers, curriculum, assessment and classroom organisation. It is suggested that knowledge of multigrade teaching strategies is needed by all teachers and not simply those in classes designated as ‘multigrade’. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Educational Development》2001,21(2):93-117
The problem of significant numbers of unqualified and underqualified primary teachers is critical in some African countries. As INSET (In-service Education and Training) is the only training these teachers receive, effective INSET practice is of concern to INSET planners seeking to address this problem. This article explores effective INSET strategies: the criteria for effectiveness being implementation of the training in the classroom. It presents an effective cyclical INSET model, entitled the INSET Strategies Model, which was used to guide a three-year (1995–1997) INSET programme for 145 unqualified and underqualified primary teachers in Namibia. The programme sought to develop teachers' basic teaching, English Language Teaching (ELT) and learner-centred skills, in order to support their efforts to implement reforms related to ELT introduced in Namibia in the early 1990s. The article discusses the stages of the model, each of which corresponds to an INSET strategy: needs assessment, organisation, determination of content, training process, follow-up and evaluation. The underlying change framework of the model, particularly the extent to which it takes micro-implementation factors into account, is offered as one explanation for its success. These factors are the objective and subjective realities within which teachers work. 相似文献
3.
为构建高质量乡村教师队伍,提升乡村教育质量、教学水平,探究乡村教师队伍发展现状,从乡村教师的生理、安全、归属与关爱、尊重、自我实现等五方面的需求,对乡村教师队伍的需求层次理论进行研究,针对乡村教师面临的不同需求给出相应对策,实现乡村教育繁荣发展。研究结果表明:工资、岗位津贴能够使乡村教师满足基本生活;社会保障、编制能够使乡村教师获得安全感;沟通、交流能够使乡村教师在乡村教育中找到归属感和关爱;尊师重教能够使乡村教师更加无悔奉献;针对性培训能够使乡村教师更能体现人生价值。 相似文献
4.
Susanna Jacoba Bester 《Africa Education Review》2016,13(3-4):32-48
Today’s learners are born into a multimedia world and feel quite comfortable in an electronic learning environment. The high-quality sound, realistic colour images, graphics, narrations, real-time recordings and full motion videos from multimedia, which are integrated in History lessons, are what the learners of today want and need in their learning. In the study on which this article is based, efforts were made to determine the extent to which Intermediate Phase History teachers (Grade 4-6) of schools in the townships and rural areas in and around the Klerksdorp, Rustenburg and Vryburg districts of the North West Province of South Africa were willing to utilise multimedia in their History (Social Science) lessons. The challenges these History teachers experienced when they were faced with the application of multimedia in their lessons are also highlighted. In the last part of the article recommendations are made to serve as future suggestions for History teachers to apply multimedia in the teaching of the subject. 相似文献
5.
美国目前正面临着严重的教师短缺,尤其是缺乏合格的优秀教师。这种现象遍及于幼儿园到高中。产生这种现象的原因是大批教师退休、教师工资的低廉、美国校园内的暴力和联邦政府所规定的考试及规章制度等。这种现象在夏威夷也不例外。教育的质量和公平是师资培训和招生的核心问题。这个问题对于夏威夷偏远地区的少数民族学生则显得更为重要。根据Banks(2003年)及Collnick和Chinn(2002年)所提到的多元文化理论,本文将介绍2006年的一项调查。该调查研究报告以夏威夷教育学院和夏威夷大学系统的511位师生及当地居民为对象,检视教育学院招生及指导职前教师的做法,包括其偏远地区的岛屿——夏威夷岛(Hawaiyi)、可爱岛(Kauayi)、茂依岛(Maui)、摩洛开依岛(Molokayi)及蓝尼岛(Lanayi)等。这项研究显示了在偏远地区为少数民族学生提供高质量师资教育的种种困难,同时也提出了解决这些问题的有效途径和方法,以适应二十一世纪教师及教师教育的发展。 相似文献
6.
《British Educational Research Journal》2004,30(5):633-656
This article draws upon a Department for Education and Skills (DfES) commissioned telephone survey of a nationally representative sample of schools to investigate the challenges faced by those seeking the successful implementation of the Foundation Stage (FS) (for 3–5‐year‐olds) in reception classes. Its focuses on head teachers' and reception teachers' own reported knowledge, perspectives, experiences, attitudes and views about reception practice, as well as background information on provision and teacher characteristics. A vast and rich amount of data was gathered providing a snapshot of practices and opinions related to the second year of implementing the FS. The majority of head teachers and reception teachers had a positive view of the FS and progress made in implementing it. In general, implementation of the National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies, transition to Key Stage 1 and planning opportunities for children to engage in activities they had planned and initiated themselves was not regarded as a problem. The survey highlighted the importance of staff training and the need to extend this. Greatest concerns were expressed in schools with mixed‐age classes, teaching two curricula with distinct pedagogies. It is concluded that schools in both urban and rural/mainly rural areas have distinct, though similarly diverse teaching groups. A wide range of teaching strategies, based on children's diverse needs, will be required to motivate, support and extend them appropriately. The results are interrogated from the perspective of relevant research carried out during the same period. 相似文献
7.
乡村教师作为乡村教育与乡村振兴的主力军,其身份认同直接影响乡村师资队伍建设水平和乡村教育质量提升。近年来,乡村教师身份认同的研究热度持续上升,成果数量逐年增加。已有研究成果以"在乡村从教"为导向,探寻了乡村教师身份认同的研究缘起,剖析了乡村教师身份认同的内涵意蕴,明确了乡村教师身份认同的影响因素,梳理了乡村教师身份认同的危机表征,构建了乡村教师身份认同的实践策略。新时代乡村振兴战略和新型城镇化建设要求乡村教师身份认同研究树立"为乡村而教"的价值导向,澄清乡村教师身份认同的教育内涵,把握影响乡村教师身份认同的核心要素,"以中国为方法"统整乡村教师身份认同的多元研究视角,构建乡村教师身份认同的体系化策略。 相似文献
8.
英语课程改革对英语教师提出了新的挑战,教师素质成为改革成功的关键,农村英语教师素质也开始受到人们的关注。为了解农村英语教师的教学现状,在此以问卷调查为工具,对铜仁地区60所农村中小学81位英语教师进行了调查,结果显示：农村英语教师的教学现状不容乐观,他们对自身发展的需求强烈,但是,他们在职业发展过程中所面临着急需解决的困难。调查结果对如何提高农村英语教师素质问题有积极作用。 相似文献
9.
教科研能力作为教师专业水平的重要表现,主要包括教科研认识、教科研选题、教科研过程、教科研方法、教科研态度、教科研支持条件和教科研成果等方面。利用自编量表,对天津市16 881名中小学教师进行调查,结果发现:中小学教师教科研水平虽然整体较高,但教科研成果需进一步增多;男女教师的教科研水平存在差异;年龄、职称、学校等因素是影响教师教科研水平的重要因素;具有硕士学位的教师教科研水平突出。应鼓励教师将学术研究纳入日常教学,针对男女教师研究特点开展精准指导,鼓励老教师与年青教师组建合作共同体,同时关注农村教师的教科研水平,提供更多支持。此外鼓励教师参加高水平研修,综合提高教科研水平。 相似文献
10.
Irem Kızılaslan 《欧洲师范教育杂志》2012,35(2):243-254
Despite preliminary findings that preparing teachers for rural positions is of great importance in Turkey’s conditions, little has been reported regarding the measures that need to be addressed in order to effectively prepare teachers for remote areas. In response to this gap, the present study aimed to provide some preliminary views about the expectations of pre-service teachers in relation to rural teaching from a qualitative research paradigm. Data were collected through an open-ended questionnaire from 115 senior pre-service teachers in a large Turkish university. Thematic analysis of the data revealed that participants had polarised views about the issue. While some of them viewed the experience positively, others highlighted the potential challenges. Pre-service teachers’ vague and dichotomous images concerning rural teaching suggested that they had some preconceptions formed through media representations or word of mouth. Implications for teacher education and professional development, along with directions for future research were included. 相似文献
11.
农村教师专业发展:中国教师教育研究新动向 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
中国目前有中小学教师1000多万人,其中80%多在县镇以下农村地区任教;广大农村教师支撑着中国教育的大半壁江山。直面这个十分重要而又独特的教师群体,近年来中国学界对农村教师教育及其专业发展问题逐日关注,呈现出一些值得透视的研究新动向,主要是:农村教师专业发展概念的提出与诠释;聚焦农村教师专业发展面临的问题与挑战,如农村地区"教师教育边缘化"问题;促进农村教师专业发展的对策与建议,旨在构建人民满意的农村教师队伍,提高农村教育质量。 相似文献
12.
As teacher professional development research includes more experimental designs, new challenges arise. We examine the threat of participant attrition as an example of the types of problems researchers face. Counter-intuitively, higher levels of recruitment effort were related to higher dropout rates among teachers. We also found that teachers left because of changes in teaching assignments, institutional challenges, and personal challenges. Finally, the majority of teachers in urban schools dropped out, while the majority of teachers in rural or suburban schools remained. We conclude with recommendations for future teacher learning experiments. 相似文献
13.
Janne Elo 《Educational Action Research》2016,24(4):535-549
This article is the result of an action research project conducted in 2014 in a primary school in the city of Vaasa in Finland. The project focused on developing the practice of integrating enterprise education as a part of everyday teaching in Grade Three. The project involved three class teachers, the headmaster and a university researcher. This article focuses on the teachers’ perceptions of the benefits and the challenges of the project. The teachers viewed the project as beneficial to their own professional development as well as to the students’ learning. The process, however, also revealed several challenges associated with applying enterprise education in Grade Three, such as time or different personalities. Based on the experiences from this particular project, the article broadens the understanding of how enterprise education can be realised in Grade Three, as well as its benefits and challenges. 相似文献
14.
Using the National Research Council's inquiry continuum framework, we use a multiple-case study research design to investigate the teacher- and student-directedness of elementary preservice teachers’ planned and enacted science lessons and their pedagogical reasoning about science instruction during a semester-long science methods course. Our specific research questions were (1) What ideas do elementary preservice teachers bring to a science teaching methods course about the inquiry continuum? and (2) How do their ideas about the inquiry continuum change over the course of the semester through engaging in planning, enactment, and reflection upon science instruction? Participants’ course artifacts (journals, reflective teaching assignments, and lesson plan rationales), interviews, and field observations of their enacted science lessons served as data for this study. Findings show that although the preservice teachers began the semester defining inquiry as highly student-directed, their ideas and definitions broadened over the course of the semester to include and embrace more teacher-directed forms of inquiry. Their early science lessons were more student-directed but, as they encountered challenges engaging in inquiry-based instruction and increasingly emphasized students’ learning needs, they began to plan and enact lessons that were more teacher-directed. Teacher education programs need to explicitly emphasize these variations of inquiry as a core component of supporting preservice teachers’ learning to teach science as inquiry. 相似文献
15.
《Teaching and Teacher Education》2000,16(5-6):523-545
The demands of teaching more challenging content to more diverse learners suggest a need for teacher education that enables teachers to become more sophisticated in their understanding of the effects of context and learner variability on teaching and learning. Instead of implementing set routines, teachers need to become ever more skillful in their ability to evaluate teaching situations and develop teaching responses that can be effective under different circumstances. This article examines how a growing number of teacher education programs are using authentic assessments of teaching – cases, exhibitions, portfolios, and problem-based inquiries (or action research) – as tools to support teacher learning for these new challenges of practice. Using specific teacher education programs as examples, the article examines how and why these strategies appear to provide support for teacher learning and avenues for more valid assessment of teaching. The authors also discuss circumstances in which these strategies may be less effective and suggest features of the assessments and programmatic contexts that are associated with more and less successful use. 相似文献
16.
本文采取问卷调查的方法,对农村与城市已经参加随班就读的小学教师运用的教学调整策略进行调查与比较分析。结果发现:( 1 )教师教学调整策略包含教学的针对性、计划性与弹性;( 2 )农村和城市被调查的随班就读教师在教学调整策略方面总的来说没有显著差异,但农村教师似乎比城市教师更加注意针对随班就读生进行教学调整;( 3)无论农村还是城市教师对随班就读生的教学调整都没有受到师资培训的类型、时间等因素的影响。 相似文献
17.
The paper reports on a participatory action research study conducted in six rural primary schools in Uganda in 2013 to establish why children taught in the local language had difficulties in reading and writing. Findings through interviews, focus group discussions, reviews of exercise books and lesson observations indicated that though it was easier for pupils to learn the concepts in the local language; challenges ranging from poor translation, inadequate teachers’ language proficiency, lack of instructional materials, high pupils’ enrolment, lack of administrative support and teacher-centred approach of teaching, affected pupils’ learning to read and write. Participants recommended adopting the child-centred pedagogy, incorporating instructional materials, conducting continuous assessment and recording pupils’ competencies attained in reading and writing. Teachers need to engage more in Participatory action research in order to reflect on their practices and pupils’ learning, and collaboratively decide what works best and what needs improvement in their classrooms. 相似文献
18.
Faced with urban schools' reluctance to host student teachers on practicum because “student teachers disturb their teaching order”, Northeast Normal University in Changchun, China, collaborated with four rural provinces to develop a University-Government-School (UGS) initiative for rural practicum placements. To understand the teachers' commitment to this alternative approach to practicum placements, we posed the question: What motivates and challenges teacher participation in the UGS initiative? To provide answers, we drew on the recently developed Mentoring Profile Inventory – a 62-item inventory that captures teachers' motivations and challenges in supervising student teachers on practicum. Further, by comparing the UGS results with those of supervising teachers from three other countries, we were able to discern aspects of the UGS teachers' commitment that were particularly distinctive to the Chinese context. For example, UGS supervisors are significantly more motivated than their international counterparts to participate in the practicum because student teachers: act as a Reminder about Career Development; enable supervisors to have Time-Out to Monitor Pupil Learning; and they Promote Pupil Engagement. These results provide important baseline data for making sense of the UGS teachers' commitment to the practicum, for situating their responses within current educational reform efforts, and for determining their professional development needs. 相似文献
19.
Simon B. Khoza 《Africa Education Review》2018,15(4):20-35
This article presents a critical action research study of six participants who reflected on their experiences and practices of digital resources in teaching Grade 12 mathematics Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). One-on-one semi-structured interviews, reflective activities, and journals were used for data generation to explore these reflections in order to encourage the teachers to reflect. Purposive with convenience sampling was used to select the teachers. The study reveals that ideological-ware (IW) resources and critical reflections are the main ingredients to ensure the success of CAPS implementation. When the teachers critically reflected on their practical use of the digital resources, they overcame the curriculum challenges that affected their teaching practice. This study recommends the promotion of IW resources and critical reflections in order to produce teachers’ reflective framework for teaching. This study consequently concludes that there were limited forms of reflections that were not compulsory to the teachers. 相似文献