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1.
The Globalisation of (Educational) Language rights 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tove Skutnabb-Kangas 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2001,47(3-4):201-219
Languages are today being murdered faster than ever before in human history: 90% of the world's oral languages may be dead or moribund (no longer learned by children) in a hundred years' time. The media and the educational systems are the most important direct agents in language murder. Behind them are the real culprits, the global economic, military and political systems. Linguistic human rights might be one way of promoting conflict prevention and self-determination, preventing linguistic genocide, and maintaining linguistic diversity and biodiversity (which are correlationally and also causally related). The most basic linguistic human rights for maintenance of linguistic diversity, specifically the right to mother tongue medium education, are not protected by the present provisions in human rights law. Linguistically, formal education is today often 'forcibly transferring children of one group to another group' (one of the definitions of genocide in the UN Genocide Convention). Human rights are supposed to act as correctives to the 'free market'. Despite good intentions, forces behind economic globalisation have instead given brutal market forces free range. 相似文献
2.
TERESA L. McCARTY 《比较教育学》2003,39(2):147-163
The world's linguistic and cultural diversity is endangered by the forces of globalisation, which work to homogenise and standardise even as they segregate and marginalise. Here, I focus on the struggle to conserve linguistic and cultural diversity among Indigenous groups in the United States. Native languages are in drastic decline. Yet even as more Native American children come to school speaking English, they are likely to be stigmatised as 'limited English proficient' and placed in remedial programmes. This situation has motivated bold new approaches to Indigenous schooling that emphasise immersion in the heritage language. This article presents data on these developments and their impacts on students' self-efficacy and school performance, analysing these data in light of critical theory and current knowledge in the field of bilingual education. Indigenous language reclamation efforts must not only confront a legacy of colonialism, but also mounting pressures for standardisation and English monolingualism. I conclude with an examination of these power relations as they are manifest in the struggle for Indigenous self-determination and linguistic human rights. 相似文献
3.
Education and ethnicity cannot be discussed without taking language into account. This paper will argue that any discussion of ethnic minorities cannot ignore the question of language, nor can any discussion of human rights ignore the question of language rights. Unfortunately, in today's globalised world, governments and minorities are faced with conflicting pressures: on the one hand, for the development and use of education in a global/international language; on the other for the use and development of mother tongue, local or indigenous languages in education. Language complexity and ethnic plurality were largely brought about as a result of the creation of nation–states, which were spread around the world as a result of European colonialism. European languages and formal education systems were used as a means of political and economic control. The legacy that was left by the colonial powers has complicated ethnic relations and has frequently led to conflict. While there is now greater recognition of the importance of language both for economic and educational development, as well as for human rights, the forces of globalisation are leading towards uniformity in the languages used, in culture and even in education. They are working against the development of language rights for smaller groups. We are witnessing a sharp decline in the number of languages spoken. Only those languages which are numerically, economically and politically strong are likely to survive. As a result many linguistic and ethnic groups are in danger of being further marginalised. This paper will illustrate this thesis both historically and from several contemporary societies, showing how certain policies have exacerbated ethnic conflict while others are seeking to promote harmony and reconciliation. Why this should be so will be explored. 相似文献
4.
RODOLFO STAVENHAGEN 《European Journal of Education》2008,43(2):161-179
This article analyses the challenges posed by traditional ethnic and linguistic minorities in multicultural states and more specifically the problems faced by indigenous peoples and communities. Their educational and cultural needs and demands are increasingly being framed in the language of human rights, based on the expanding international legal and institutional human rights system. The United Nations World Conference on Human Rights, held in Vienna in 1993, endorsed a rights-based approach to development, human rights education is a growing field in educational practice, respect for cultural diversity is now enshrined in international and domestic laws, and the right of every person to education and to culture has become a mainstay of international human rights principles to which a majority of the world's states has subscribed. 相似文献
5.
Jack Jedwab 《Prospects》2010,40(2):273-287
This article examines the responses of some 1,500 Canadians to a public opinion survey on knowledge of the Holocaust, awareness
of genocide, and attitudes towards discrimination and diversity. Based on one of the most detailed surveys conducted to date
on Holocaust knowledge, the study found strong correlations between greater reported Holocaust knowledge and concern over
genocide, as well as greater recognition of anti-Semitism as a societal problem. Greater reported Holocaust knowledge did
not, however, correlate consistently with greater openness towards selected dimensions of diversity. This counterintuitive
phenomenon can likely be attributed to what respondents have learned about diversity and the limits of the effect of Holocaust
education in this regard. Hence, further research is required on the relationship between the two. Finally, going forward,
a case is made for a global assessment of levels of Holocaust knowledge. 相似文献
6.
权利视野中的双语教育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
教育权利是人的最基本权利之一。在多民族多元文化的国家,语言少数群体的教育是通过双语教育实施的。权利意识就是国家双语教育制度的建设,双语教育政策的制定,学校双语教学制度构建的基本价值取向。 相似文献
7.
While the number and relative proportion of English language learners (ELL) in public school systems is rapidly increasing, ELL students are often overlooked for gifted programs, and for this reason are grossly underrepresented in gifted and talented education programs. Identification practices that were implemented decades ago did not take into account the linguistic and cultural diversity of students that are present in schools today. This theoretical article examines current gifted identification practices related to ELL students in public schools nationwide. The authors identify necessary components to this process that are often overlooked for ELL populations. Recommendations for best practice and future research are provided. 相似文献
8.
9.
The reemergence and growth of private higher education institutions (HEIs) represent one of the most significant developments
in Chinese higher education over recent decades. Against a macroeconomic background of decentralization, this phenomenon is
essentially fuelled by a broad spectrum of political and socioeconomic forces. This study sets out with the primary aim of
discussing the current policy environment constraints faced by different types of private HEIs based upon a theoretical framework
of property ownership rights. This is undertaken through a comparative analysis with HEIs in the United States, as well as
case studies on three different types of private HEIs in China (accredited private universities, independent colleges and
Sino-foreign colleges). Recommendations are offered on the key issues aimed at overcoming the difficulties encountered by
such institutions; these include transfer rights, income rights, government subsidies, access to bank loans and tax-exempted
social donations. The government in China has adopted an incremental approach to the regulation of the private higher education
sector, thereby providing ad hoc solutions to problems encountered along the way; however, within a mutually understood framework of action, a system of clear
property ownership rights is essential to the practical coordination of the activities of the economic actors. 相似文献
10.
Petra Engelbrecht 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2006,21(3):253-264
Inclusive education in South Africa has not been promoted as simply one more option for education but as an educational strategy
that can contribute to a democratic society. After the end of the Apartheid era the new democratic government committed itself
to the transformation of education and key policy documents and legislation stress the principle of education as a basic human
right as enshrined in the Constitution. White Paper 6: Special Needs Education, building an inclusive education and training
system (2001) provides a framework for systemic change for the development of inclusive education. As a philosophy, the concept
of inclusive education in the South African context embraces the democratic values of equality and human rights and the recognition
of diversity. Research however indicates that multifaceted societal changes, encompassing educational reforms and contextual
changes, including the management of diversity in schools, have had a negative impact on the implementation of inclusive education.
After ten year of democracy, the enduring tension between changing the structure of education and changing the process of
education is still influencing progress. Enhancing the recognition and acceptance of the basic rights of all South African
children to be accommodated in inclusive school communities therefore remains a challenge. 相似文献
11.
Anastasia Liasidou 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(5):483-500
The legislative shift towards an inclusive education policy in Cyprus has allegedly been fragmented and contradictory. The textual hybridity of the ostensibly more inclusive policy documents prevents the realization of an inclusive discourse. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is proposed as an emancipatory research tool that has the potential to destabilize the authoritarian discourses entrenched in educational policy agendas, thereby facilitating the linguistic and, by implication, conceptual reinstatement of inclusion as a notion that unequivocally advocates the protection of the human rights of children with special educational needs (SEN). In the first section, the article concentrates on the theoretical perspectives of CDA within the context of inclusive education policymaking. For illustration purposes, CDA is used here to expose the power/knowledge grid and its subjugating attributes, enshrined in two official legislative documents. The aim is to answer the following questions: (1) In what ways does the legislative document construct and sustain asymmetrical power relations? (2) In what ways are children with SEN constructed and positioned? and (3) In what ways are children’s human rights silenced? The next section is given over to the criticisms of CDA, whilst the final section raises some issues and identifies some problems in relation to the value of CDA as an emancipatory research tool. 相似文献
12.
This article presents data collected at the level of practice to highlight one non-governmental organization's approach to human rights education and how household-, school-, and community-level factors mediated student impact. Findings suggest that a variety of factors at the three levels contribute to the program's successful implementation in government schools serving marginalized students (where most HRE programs are in operation in India today). These responses emerge along a continuum from ‘time pass’—a commonly used term in India for anything that does not directly contribute to greater performance on high-stakes exams—to ‘transformative force’, wherein students internalize knowledge and values related to human rights and take action based on it. Responses to HRE were characterized in four areas and representative examples are provided of each: (1) personal changes; (2) attempts to intervene in situations of abuse; (3) reporting (or threatening to report) abuse; and (4) spreading awareness about human rights. 相似文献
13.
Sigal Ben‐Porath 《Educational theory》2012,62(1):25-39
The state's commitment to educating all children can be framed as a matter of human capital development, or the economic benefits accrued to individuals and society as a result of educational attainment; it can be framed as a matter of capabilities, or the development of functionings that enable human flourishing; and it can be framed as a matter of rights. In this essay Sigal Ben‐Porath considers the relative merits of the three approaches, elaborating the implications each of these different frameworks has for the education of children with disabilities. While the capabilities approach, which arises from and relates to the rights approach, is sensitive to the needs of individuals with disabilities (more than the human capital approach is, in any case), Ben‐Porath concludes that a rights framework can best express through educational policy the state's commitment to the education of all children, regardless of ability. 相似文献
14.
颜之推关于儿童教育的理论,涉及到儿童教育的独特意义、内容、原则及方法等。他倡导的早期教育,重视道德启蒙,坚持慈爱相济和环境陶冶的早教原则与方法,以及关于儿童语言教育与艺术学习的思想,至今仍可资借鉴。 相似文献
15.
Leah K. McMillan 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2010,40(3):531-545
The end of the Cold War ushered in a paradigmatic shift in international development discourse whereby a human rights-based
approach to development was generated. This shift has stimulated the pegging of international development policy to the objectives
of the human rights regime. However, in attempting to unify development and human rights perspectives, policy-makers have
overlooked an imperative component of these realities, namely that proponents of the human rights agenda and social developmentalists
differ in their conceptions of “education”. Thus, while both perspectives seek universal primary education (UPE), their ideas
about what that education should consist of vary. This paper does not argue for the use of one definition, nor does it conclude
that the two are incompatible. Rather, the author contends that it is paramount that these two definitions are recognised
for their unique approaches to education, in order for policies to be most effective. The value in the human rights-based
approach to development is its ability to utilise both human rights and development perspectives to create a more comprehensive
approach to poverty reduction and economic growth. By incorporating both definitions of “education” into policy agendas, both
the process and product of education will be emphasised, in turn improving the effectiveness and outcome of all efforts to
achieve UPE. 相似文献
16.
Leanne Henderson 《British Educational Research Journal》2020,46(5):1131-1151
The principles of school choice and diverse provision underpin transition to secondary education in a majority of countries. This article focuses on the potential for structural diversity to constrain rather than promote choice. Although intended to improve equity in access and quality of provision, choice-based systems serve to homogenise school intakes and magnify attainment differences between schools. School choice decisions become high-stakes in such contexts, because eventual school placements influence the future character of children’s schooling. In Northern Ireland, existing community divisions are reflected in the available school types, with a majority of places at either Catholic or de facto Protestant schools, and only a small number at Integrated schools. This results in high levels of homogenisation along community lines. In addition, the provision of separate grammar and non-grammar schools means that intakes are also academically stratified, resulting in the extreme between-school attainment differences characteristic of systems arranged in this way. Drawing on documentary evidence and a survey of transition-age children, this research discusses how school choice within structurally complex systems can be constrained. The main focus is on how children’s education rights, as set down in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, are placed at risk by the interaction of system-level divisions. It concludes that school choice arrangements in Northern Ireland do not operate in compliance with children’s education rights when tested against each of the requirements set out in Tomasevski’s 4-As scheme, namely that education provision must be available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable. 相似文献
17.
Kaori H. Okano 《比较教育学》2006,42(4):473-491
This paper examines interactions between the global and the local in the context of Japanese mainstream schooling, by focusing on the development of local government policies to manage diversity in schools. This paper reveals how local governments developed education policies in interaction with grassroots professional groups, activists and schools, and by selectively incorporating national policies. These local policies are multicultural education policies but differ in two significant ways. The first is their predominant concern with human rights education, leaving celebration of cultural diversity as a marginal consideration, and the other is the official use of the term ‘foreigners’ in the title of these policies; both of which reflect the pre‐existing local context. The paper demonstrates that new immigrants do not unilaterally impact on supposedly ethnically homogeneous Japanese classrooms, but that the pre‐existing local contexts (national, local and institutional) have mediated global forces in effecting changes. 相似文献
18.
Casmir M. Rubagumya Oksana Afitska John Clegg Patrick Kiliku 《International Journal of Educational Development》2011
This paper explores how the concept of linguistic citizenship can be applied to the Tanzanian situation in terms of the delivery of bilingual education as well as addressing issues of equity and quality in education. It starts by a brief overview of how the concepts ‘linguistic human rights’ and ‘linguistic citizenship’ are theorized. It then goes on to show that in the Tanzanian context the ‘linguistic human rights’ paradigm cannot adequately address the concerns of speakers of marginalized languages. The paper argues that all efforts to guarantee linguistic human rights in Tanzania have so far been top-down and have to a large extent failed. The paper further argues that it is the people who can empower themselves by giving value to their marginalized languages. This valorisation will make education meaningful in people's struggle towards socio-economic development. The paper discusses in particular the role which African languages play in raising achievement in African education and highlights the importance of research into educational language use and persuasive communication of this research in increasing this role. Finally the paper emphasises the role of advocacy and the increasing status of African languages in society in the development of mother-tongue medium education. 相似文献
19.
Carol Robinson 《Curriculum Journal》2017,28(1):123-136
The overarching aim of this paper is to explore how key principles inherent in human rights declarations and conventions are translated into practices associated with human rights education within school contexts. It is argued that this translation from discourse to practice opens up the potential for children and young people to encounter inequitable experiences of human rights education, and that this is an ethical issue that needs addressing. Within the paper, human rights education relates to both direct teaching about human rights, and to children and young peoples’ experiences of how school practitioners acknowledge and uphold their rights. In both national and international contexts, knowledge and understanding about school-based human rights education is lacking; this paper aims to address this issue by developing a theoretical framework through which to view human rights education practices within school settings. 相似文献
20.
James MacAllister 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2019,23(5):519-531
ABSTRACTThis paper considers some possible pitfalls in recent legislation in Scotland that has enhanced agency rights for older children with additional support needs (ASN). It does so with particular reference to philosophical literature on children’s rights. Though the UNCRC increasingly animates education law, policy and practice in Scotland and elsewhere, some philosophers, including O’Neill and MacIntyre, have raised pertinent questions about whether or not a rights-based approach is the best way of ensuring that all children receive the care, support and education they need to flourish. Discussion concentrates on four possible objections to the human rights tradition generally and the new legislation concerning the rights of older children with ASN in Scotland specifically. It is concluded that: (1) future policy, practice, law and research on child well-being should prioritise capabilities over rights and; (2) the concept of capability might be a helpful one through which to analyse the extent to which children with ASN in Scotland really do have enhanced agency rights in practice. 相似文献