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1.
一、问提的提出传统的看法认为,同世界上大多数语言一样,汉语的句子从结构上可以分为“单句”、“复句”,这似乎已成定论。但是,只要我们读一下《马氏文通》以来的语法著作,我们就会发现,虽然这些语法学家绝大多数都承认汉语应分“单句”、“复句”,但他们对“复句”的定义,单、复句的界限、“复句”的再分类等问题的看法都是很不一致的。可以说有关“复句”的理论,从一产生就是各执一说的,并且充满了不能解决的矛盾。这就使我们发生了疑问:“单句”“复句”有无本质的区别?汉语是否有必要分单、复句?也就是说,我们对汉语“复句”的存在提出了怀疑,这些问题的探讨,在今天看来,不仅“有理论的意义,也有实践的意义”。  相似文献   

2.
单复句问题在汉语学界争论已久,本文将对"汉语有无单复句之分","单复句的划界标准","汉语复句的分类系统"这三个基本问题作一概述。  相似文献   

3.
三单句和复句的区分问题涉及的因素较多,较复杂。我们以为,要解决这个问题,首先必须从汉语单句复句的实际出发,根据意义和形式相结合的原则,分析研究单句复句的语法特点,找出其间的本质区别——复句区别于单句的本质特征。然后根据这个本质特征,给一些处于两个极端之间的中间句型划类。这是解决“区分问题”的全过程。  相似文献   

4.
简论划分汉语单句复句的标准   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
单句、复句的划分标准是汉语语法的重要问题之一。本文通过大量例句的分析,着重探讨了单句与复句的四个区分标准。并提出四者之间是“一主三辅”、相辅相成的关系,即划分单句复句以“结构”为主,看其有几套句子成分;同时要善于把“结构”和“意义”结合起来,对句子进行区分;在分析一些特殊句式时,要充分发挥“语音停顿”和“关联词语”这两个参考项的作用。本文还对长期争论的某些例句分析谈了个人的看法  相似文献   

5.
全立波①(广西师范大学中文系,广西桂林541004)复句问题是现代汉语语法学里很值得研究的课题。虽然以汉语语法研究脉络这一大背景来标控或完全支配复句研究的轨迹是目前较多学者支持的一种研究思路,但客观地说并不尽如人意。我们认为:要力图较清晰地反映汉语复句自身相对独立的发展轨迹,首先我们应当注意到汉语复句理论发展进程中一些影响较大的史实。如:(一)19世纪末到20世纪初,直接受到西方语法理论的启迪,汉语复句理论出现了源流。(二)20世纪30年代中后期的“文法革新”,促使了汉语复句理论的深入探讨。其中“包孕句”的归属问题得到了较…  相似文献   

6.
从我国第一部语法著作《马氏文通》有单、复句的实际区分,到黎锦熙的《国语文法》正式定名单句、复句以来,单、复句的分类统治着汉语的句法研究。汉语的句法研究始终以单、复句的分类为基础,但其赖以存在的基础,即单、复句的分类本身就值得我们重新加以考虑。如果要寻找出一种能够抓住汉语句法实质、体现汉语结构特点、争论问题较少的新均分析方法,那么,首先就必须打破现存的难以说清界限的单、复句分类,寻找新的句子分类,提出新的句法研究的基  相似文献   

7.
探索汉语复句本体知识建模,实现复句句法语义知识的形式化,是汉语复句信息工程的重要内容。文章设计了一套复句本体体系的语义关系标记,描绘了复句实例的关系路径表示方法;借助语义关系标记和数理逻辑思想来刻画复句句法语义特征,在此基础上定义了汉语复句的形式化函数;探讨了复句关系词库和关系层次自动划分等句法知识的表示问题,以复句关系层次处理器和层次划分函数来表示复句的句法语义关系。相关语例分析验证了本文研究的有效性。  相似文献   

8.
论单句复句的区分标准和几种句型的区分   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
<正> 一如何区分单句和复句的问题,1957年曾在《中国语文》上展开过讨论。在这次讨论中,郭中平先生对《马氏文通》以来几家主要语法体系在单句、复句的划界问题上作了比较系统的归纳和分析,提出了一些解决的办法和途径。黎锦熙、刘世儒两位先生对汉语复句学说的源流和解决问题的方法,单句复句的区分标准,也都作了比较系统的论述,并提出了一些很好的意见。这对我们识别、划分和探讨现代汉语的单句和复句有很大的帮助和启发。但由于单句复句的划界问题是一个相当复杂的问题,这正如吕  相似文献   

9.
语法单位语素、词、短语、单句都有多义的问题,复旬也存在多义的现象。这是语法教学中难以回避和必须解决的问题。我们用语境的“可兼容”与“不可兼容”来区分和鉴别复句是否具有多义。一重复句可分为“有标复句”与“无标复句”,一般说来,“无标复句”可能产生多义。多重复句由于大小结构层次的不同划分以及不同的语序理解,复句也有多义的问题。最后,我们分析了语言单位多义的原因。  相似文献   

10.
包孕句,在汉语和日语最初都是作为一种复句来加以研究的.后来,汉语研究中取消了“包孕句”,将其归入单句;日语现在大多仍将其作为复句的下位类别来看待.日语包孕句的研究现状大致相当于汉语包孕句研究过程中的“讨论”阶段.其研究忽略了结构形式的不同层面,应将彼此不作句子成分作为复句确立的重要标准.日语包孕句也应归入单句.  相似文献   

11.
The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.  相似文献   

12.
风的曲线     
Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.  相似文献   

13.
汉字倒说     
汉字的六书,《说文》对“转注”一类,语焉不详。后世学者提及转注,也仅限于许慎所举出的例字。《汉字例说》一文,作者从转注的角度综合考虑,对部分现代常用字作了分析,跟传统的解释有所不同。希望能抛砖引玉,互相切磋,以推进学术研究。  相似文献   

14.
Given a graph G,a subgraph C is called a clique of G if C is a complete subgraph of G maximal under inclusion and |C|≥2. A clique-transversal set S of G is a set of vertices of G such that S meets all cliques of G. The clique-transversal number, denoted as TC (G), is the minimum cardinality of a clique-transversal set in G. The clique-graph of G, denoted as K (G), is the graph obtained by taking the cliques of G as vertices, and two vertices are adjacent if and only if the corresponding cliques in G have nonempty intersection. Let F be a class of graphs G such that F={G|K(G) is a tree}. In this paper the graphs in F having independent clique-transversal sets are shown and thus TC (G)/|G|≤1/2 for all G ∈ F.  相似文献   

15.
《海外英语》2007,(5):44-45
It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,  相似文献   

16.
一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/  相似文献   

17.
《海外英语》2007,(5):10-11
Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?  相似文献   

18.
Different nations have different social cultures, and the social culture of every nation is developing with the development of the nation, language is greatly influenced by social culture, which enables language to possess national and historical characteristics. Word is the smallest, independent, meaningful linguistic unit of language. It can well reflect the national and historical characteristics. From synchronic aspect, the social and cultural influence on word meaning is mainly embodied in conceptual and associative meanings of word. The incorrespondence of word meaning is a phenomenon that exists in both conceptual and associative meanings of word among different languages. From diachronic aspect, the development of social culture causes some changes of word meaning to some extent. Therefore, social culture plays a key role in vocabulary learning and mastery of a language.  相似文献   

19.
钱生钱!     
我们绝大部分人都同意一件事情——我们喜欢金钱。但是你对金钱的喜欢之情足够到让你创立一份事业么?.财富通常被人忽视,主要在于人们不能真正了  相似文献   

20.
The problem on the geometrc inequalities involving an n-dimensional simplex and its inscribed simplex is studied. Aninequality is established, which reveals that the difference between the squared circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex andthe squared distance between its circumcenter and barycenter times the squared circumradius of its inscribed simplex is not lessthan the 2(n-1)th power of n times its squared inradius, and is equal to when the simplex is regular and its inscribed siplex is atangent point one. Deduction from this inequality reaches a generalization of n-dimensional Euler inequality indicating that thecircumradius of the simplex is not less than the n-fold inradius. Another inequality is derived to present the relationship betweenthe circumradius of the n-dimensional simplex and the circumradius and inradius of its pedal simplex.  相似文献   

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