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1.
大同锥叶蕨Coniopteris tatungensis 是侏罗纪植物群常见的分子。由于对该植物特征认识的不同,
对其在分类上的归属有不同意见,或归入膜蕨型锥叶蕨C．hymenophylloides,或归入简单锥叶蕨C.
simplex。通过对产自北京西山斋堂地区窑坡组下段的标本的深入研究,特别是用扫描电子显微镜对该
标本的孢子囊群和孢子囊的观察,确认大同锥叶蕨在锥叶蕨属的种级分类上的独立性。文中还初步讨论了其分类和地理分布。 相似文献
2.
采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对国产介蕨属Dryoathyrium 14种植物及宁陕蛾眉蕨Lunathyri-
um ningshenense 的孢子形态进行了观察。介蕨属孢子单裂缝，两侧对称，极面观为椭圆形，赤道面观为半
圆形或肾形。根据其周壁褶皱隆起形成的表面纹饰，介蕨属孢子可分为3种类型：第一种类型的周壁
具有网状或拟网状脊状纹饰，具此类型的种有翅轴介蕨D．pterorachis，中华介蕨D．chinense，朝鲜介蕨
D．coreanum；第二种类型的周壁具有裂片状、弯裂片状或瘤状突起，具此类型的种有介蕨D．boryanum，
陕甘介蕨D．confusum，无齿介蕨D．edentulum，鄂西介蕨D.henryi,华中介蕨D．okuboanum，川东介
蕨D．stenopteron，刺毛介蕨D．setigerum，绿叶介蕨D．viridifrons；第三类型的周壁具有刺状、不规则
棒状或乳头状突起，具此类型的种有直立介蕨D．erectum，镰小羽介蕨D．falcatipinnulum，蛾眉介蕨D．
unifurcatum。宁陕蛾眉蕨的孢子形态与朝鲜介蕨D．coreanum 十分相似，支持将前者作为后者的异名的分类处理。 相似文献
3.
利用扫描电镜对中国产金星蕨科Thelypteridaceae 14属50种植物孢子形态进行了研究。孢子单裂缝,两侧对称,极面观为椭圆形、阔椭圆形或近圆形,赤道面观为肾形或圆形。极轴长为16.8-40.5 mm,赤道轴长为12.8-58 mm。根据表面纹饰,孢子可分为7种类型。(1)平滑:周壁表面光滑,少纹饰,如延羽卵果蕨Phegopteris decursive-pinnata。(2)网状纹饰:周壁外层形成绳索状条纹交织成网,如紫柄蕨属Pseudophegopteris。(3)环状纹饰:周壁外层形成由绳索状丝构成的环,排列在周壁表面呈网状、不规则网状或分散的网状。如方秆蕨属Glaphyropteridopsis和针毛蕨属Macrothelypteris的针毛蕨M. oligophlebia。(4)具流苏的翅状纹饰:周壁向外形成薄片状翅,翅的边缘流苏状或具齿,片连接成网状或拟网状。如金星蕨属Parathelypteris的海南金星蕨P. subimmersa、光脚金星蕨P. japonica、钝角金星蕨P. angulariloba,钩毛蕨属Cyclogramma的耳羽钩毛蕨C. auriculata,针毛蕨属Macrothelypteris的大部分种类和毛蕨属Cyclosorus的部分种类。(5)具穿孔的脊状纹饰:周壁向外形成高或低、窄或宽的脊状纹饰连接成网状或拟网状,脊上具大小不一的穿孔。如金星蕨属、龙津蕨属Mesopteris、凸轴蕨属Metathelypteris和卵果蕨P. connectilis。(6)鸡冠状纹饰:周壁形成的短翅或短的片状脊,呈鸡冠状。如毛蕨属Cyclosorus的大部分种类。(7)刺状纹饰:周壁表面形成各种刺状纹饰,如茯蕨属Leptogramma、圣蕨属Dictyocline、沼泽蕨属Thelypteris、普通假毛蕨Pseudocyclosorus subochthodes、钩毛蕨属的大部分种类和毛蕨属Cyclosorus的部分种类。根据孢子形态特征,对本科的一些属的关系进行了探讨。 相似文献
4.
利用扫描电镜对国产中国蕨科Sinopteridaceae植物9属61种6变种的孢子进行了观察。结果表明，该科植物的孢子可分为3种类型：(1)孢子球形，三裂缝；周壁较厚，疏松地包在孢子之外；外壁光滑，表面纹饰由周壁形成，呈网状、嵴状、刺状或皱状。除金粉蕨属Onychium和珠蕨属Cryptogramma外，该科其他属的植物都具此类型孢子。(2)孢子钝三角形，三裂缝；周壁较薄，由周壁和外壁共同形成表面轮廓，表面具疣状或颗粒状纹饰。具此类型孢子的只有珠蕨属。(3)孢子钝三角形，三裂缝，沿裂缝两侧各有一脊状隆起或瘤状纹饰；周壁薄，由外壁形成表面纹饰的基本轮廓；具赤道环、近极脊和远极脊。具此类型孢子的只有金粉蕨属。另外，从孢粉学的角度对该科的分类和系统演化进行了探讨。 相似文献
5.
苏铁蕨[Brainia insignis(HOOK)J.Sin.]别名赤蕨,是蕨类植物乌毛蕨科,苏铁蕨属单一常绿植物。 苏铁蕨是古生代泥盆纪时代子遗植物,也就是说大约4亿年前,地球上已经出现苏铁蕨植物了。它比恐龙早出现2.05亿年。苏铁蕨经过亿万年地球的变迁而顽强幸存下来,是活着的化石。 相似文献
6.
王中仁 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1997,35(1):32-36
蹄盖蕨科的建立对蕨类植物的分类起了很大的推动作用，然而，即使按秦仁昌的狭义概念，它仍然是一个极其复杂的大科。自秦仁昌把该科划分为21个属以后，属级水平上的分类问题比较清楚了，但亚科、亚属和组的划分至今仍不成功。本文主要根据该科三个染色体基数X=42、41和40，结合孢子囊群着生的位置及其它形态特征，将其划分为3个亚科：冷蕨亚科、蹄盖蕨亚科和双盖蕨亚科。 相似文献
7.
王中仁 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1989,27(6):421-438
本文报道了中国产10种凤尾蕨属植物和2种蕨属和栗蕨属植物的细胞学研究结果。 在凤尾蕨
属中，8种是多倍体或具有多倍体细胞型，4种是无性孢子繁殖的后代，6种实际上是种复合体或种复合
体成员，单纯有性生殖的二倍体只有2种。凤尾蕨至少具有9条孢子发生路线，在其同一个体上除了产
生二倍孢子外，还可能产生少量加倍或多倍孢子；广义的蜈蚣草实际上是个种复合体，其祖先的二倍体
细胞型广泛分布于中国亚热带地区说明这里可能是该复合体的起源中心；岩凤尾蕨具有不寻常的染色 体数目n＝55，这说明在本属和本科中可能存在着非整倍体进化。 相似文献
8.
向莉琳 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1994,31(3):258-267
本文对云南产的耳蕨属半开羽耳蕨组的12种植物进行了分类学研究，并在组下建立了两个新系，报道了4个新种和一个新组合，修订了该组植物的特征范围。 相似文献
9.
蹄盖蕨科Athyriaceae是蕨类植物中一个复杂的大科，由于属间关系不甚清楚，该科分类系统还有一些问题，比如新蹄盖蕨、拟鳞毛蕨属、假冷蕨属、肠蕨属、短肠蕨属和菜蕨属的系统位置常有争议。根据蹄盖蕨科34种植物和3种外类群植物的叶绿体DNA trnL-F区序列建立了系统发育树，结果显示:1.trnL_F区序列分析的结果与rbcL基因序列分析的结果几乎一致。2.新蹄盖蕨属Neoathyrium Ching&Z.R.Wang不应成立，该属应与角蕨属Cornopteris Nakai合并。3.假冷蕨属Pseudo 相似文献
10.
描述了在广西发现的苦苣苔科一新属和一新种，即文采苣苔属Wentsaiboea D. Fang & D. H. Qin及文采苣苔W. renifolia D. Fang & D. H. Qin, 并提供墨线图。文采苣苔属的柱头外形略似长檐苣苔属Dolicholoma D. Fang & W. T. Wang, 不同在于前者叶肾形，基部心形，具掌状脉，花冠斜钟状，裂片圆形，雄蕊和退化雄蕊着生于冠筒近基部。新属在体态上还接近小花苣苔属Chiritopsis W. T. Wang, 但前者叶具掌状脉，冠筒钟状，远轴侧膨胀，柱头马蹄形；在后者叶具羽状脉，冠筒筒状，不膨胀，柱头下唇倒梯形至线形。 相似文献
11.
耿宝印 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1992,30(3):197-211
本文首次系统地记述了四川下泥盆统平驿铺组的植物化石，共计9属13种，其中包括一个新属
和三个新种。它们分属于苔藓植物(?)和早期维管植物的四大类(Rhyoiophytina、Zosterophyllo-phytina，
Trimerophytina和Lycophytina)。根据植物组合的面貌，还讨论了平驿铺组的地质时代相当于欧洲的西根期(Siegenian)，并可能包括部分吉丁期(Gedinnian)和最早的埃姆斯期(Emsian)。 相似文献
12.
The reproductive feature of the nemalionalean genus Liagora is characterized by
the laterally situated carpogonial branch which is produced by the ordinarily assi-
milative filament. A study of L. farinosa Lamx. has revealed that the carpogonial
branches of this species are not borne on the ordinarily assimilative filaments but
restricted to a kind of short filaments (referring to as “fertile filaments” in the
present article) which are, in turn, initiated by the basal cells of the assimilative
filaments. The carpogonial branches are modified furcations of the fertile filaments.
The fertile filaments may, however, grow and send out assimilative filaments concur-
rently with the maturation of the carpogonial branches. Therefore, the origin of the
carpogonial branches is best shown in their younger developing stages but more or
less obscure in age.
Boergesen, who examined Lamouroux's type, made a detailed study of L. farinosa
from the Canary Islands. The depictions given by Boergesen, Yamada (1938, f. 15),
Tseng (1941, f. 6) and Umezaki (1961, f. lA) concisely illustrated the feature of the
fertile filaments in this species, although all these workers had not envisaged the
taxonomical significance of the peculiar position of the female organs. In our opin-
ion, the differentiation of cortical filaments into assimilative and reproductive as seen
in L. farinosa (even though in a preliminary stage) suggests that the progressive
evolutionary changes have occurred in this species. The unique situation of L. fari-
nosa is, in fact, no parallel in any genus of the, family where female organs are
directly produced (or transformed) by the assimilative filaments.
It thus appears there is no justification for retaining L. farinosa in the genus
Liagora. A new genus, Ganonema Fan et Wang gen. nov. is therefore proposedfor accommodating the species, G. farinosa (Lamx.) Fan et Wang comb. nov. 相似文献
13.
陈心启 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1979,17(1):1-6
Diplandrorchis is a very curious new orchid genus, containing only one species D.
sinica S. C. Chen, found in Huan-ren County of Liaoning Province in northeastern
China. It, as the genus name implies, has two fertile stamens, borne on the upper
part of the column near the terminal stigma. One of them is opposite to the dorsal
sepal, while the other to the median petal (lip). Thus, they represent two median
stamens of both inner and outer whorls. This is quite unique in the whole family,
including the diandrous group, in which the two stamens are opposite to the lateral
petals and thus represent the lateral ones of the inner whorl.
The flower is erect, with its pale greenish or whitish perianth nearly regular.
Two lateral sepals are more or less oblique, showing some difference from the dorsal
one, but the three petals, which are thinner and narrower, are very similar to each
other. Neither rostellum nor any other appendages are found in its column, but a
terminal stigma and two erect stamens. The pollinia are naked and granular, which,
in almost all flowers examined, have naturally fallen out of their cells on to the stigma.
Apparently, it is self-fertilised, as found in Tangtsinia and some other primitive
orchids.
Besides, this interesting orchid is a dwarf saprophyte, with its habit very similar
to that of Neottia, another saprophytic genus assigned to the subtribe Neottiinae. The
fact that the saprophytic orchids are largely found in the primitive subtribes, such as
the Neottiinae, Limodorinae, Vanillinae and Pogoniinae, is worthy of special attention.
Theoretically, the saprophytic plants must have developed from green-leaved plants. In
the Orchidaceae, however, what ancestor are the most primitive saprophytes derived
from ? This is indeed an interesting question closely related to the origin of the
Orchidaceae.
From the facts mentioned above, the present genus is a very primitive or relic
one and of great phylogenetic interest. It is placed here as the most primitive member
in the subtribe Neottiinae, although it is sharply distinct from the remaining generaof this subtribe. It may deserve a separate subtribe, but further study is needed. 相似文献
14.
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17.
白洋淀水生植物区系初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
陈耀东 《中国科学院研究生院学报》1987,25(2):106-113
The Baiyandian Lake lies at 115°56′ E. and 38°55′ N. It is about 8 m above
sea level, with an area about 312 square km. There are abundant aquatic plants here, inc-
luding flowering plants of 30 families, 46 genera, 66 species and 3 varieties besides one in-
troduced species. 32 species are erect ones covering about 48.5% of the total number of species
in this lake, 20 are submerged ones, about 30.3%, 9 are leaf-floating ones, about 13.6% and 5
are floating ones, 7.6%. The soil at the bed of the lake is very fertile and the depth is appro-
priate, favouring various plants. The coverage is large, sometimes it may reach 100%, for
example, in communities of Phragmites communis, Hydrilla verticillata, Hydrocharis dubis,
Trapa bicornis, etc. Although the Baiyandian Lake is located in the temperate zone, the floristic
elements are complex. There are tropic-subtropic elements and elements of high-frigid zone
as well. When compared respectively with the floras of the Lakes Jingbo Lake, Honghu Lake
and Lugu Lake, the flora of this lake is found more similar to that of subtropic Honghu Lake
than to those of the other lakes, which shows that it hase a character transitional between the
south and the north in China. Further studies of the floristic relationships are needed in order
to exploit and use the resources of the aquatic plants in this lake. 相似文献
18.
鄂西神农架地区的植被和植物区系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Shennungia is generally known as “The highest mountain in Central China”. It is
situated at latitude 31°342'N., longitude 110°35'E. in western Hupeh.
The area explored is deeply cut in all sides by five V-shaped valleys, giving the
landscape a steep topography. Its summit is about 3105 meters above the sea level, and
the relative altitude is from 1000-2000 meters.
The climate of the region is warm temperate. The differences of humidity-warmth
condition between the eastern and the western flanks are quite marked.
In western Hupeh and the adjacent area of Szechuan the rugged topography still
preserves some tracts of natural forests at higher elevations. Our vegetational survey
is confined to localities above 1500 meters. The collection of plant samples of the flora
is extended to the whole mountain from the foothill to the peak. The present article
deals with only a part of the results of our survey.
1. The vertical vegetation belts of Mt. Shennungia and relationships with other
regions: The vegetation belts on the eastern and the western flanks of the mountain
are shown in diagram 2 and 3. The comparison of the vertical vegetation zones of the
Mt. Shennungia with those of the Yülungshan in N. W. Yunnan and the eastern
Himalaya to the west and with those of Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east
is shown in table 4, It shows that the plant communities of the Mt. Shennungia are of
temperate nature, and they are more closely related to those of Hwangshan in S.
Anhwei and of Central Japan than to the eastern Himalaya.
2. Floristic composition: The generic ranges of flowering plant are relatively
distinct and stable. Various distributional patterns of genera are analysized.
1) Statistics of the genera in various distributional patterns: The total number
of genera of flowering plants in this region are 762, belonging to the following four
categories. A) tropical genera 239 (31.3%), B) temperate genera 416 (54.7%), C)
endemic genera 47 (6%), and D) comsmopolitan genera 61 (8%).
2) Endemic genera: An examination of the composition of the flora in western
Hupeh reveals that 47 endemic Chinese genera occur in this mountain of which 24 are
monotypic genera, 20 oligotypic and 2 multitypic as shown in Table 4. The arborescent
genera are nearly all deciduous. They are of temperate nature.
3) Temperate genera: There are 416 genera in wastern Hupeh. They are
subdivides into the following three groups according to their distributional patterns:
A) The north temperate genera: There are 159 genera belonging to 62 families in
western Hupeh. B) Eastern Asian genera: There are 117 genera belonging to 69
families in western Hupeh. Among them 22 are common to the western Szechuan,
adjacent regions of Yunnan and the Eastern Himalaya. The remaining 95 genera are
commom to both eastern China and Japan. C) The Eastern Asian-eastern North-
American genera: Of the total 762 genera known in western Hupeh, 64 are disjunc-
tively distributed in both eastern Asia and eastern North-America.
4) The tropical genera: Of the 762 genera of the flowering plant of western
Hupeh, 239 (31%) are of tropical nature.
Finally, our survey shows: 1. Many of the primitive temperate genera and ende-
mic relicts concentrate in western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan indica-
ting that it might be one of refuges of tertiary flora. Moreover, it might also be one
of the most important regions of differentiation, development and distribution of tem-
perature flora. 2. The vegetation of this region is not only of temperate nature, but
also of a transitional nature. 3. According to an analysis of the flora and a compari-
son of the vertical distribution of the vegetation of Yülungshan and Eastern Himalaya
to the west with Hwangshan and Central Japan to the east, the floristic affinity of
western Hupeh is more closely related to eastern China and Central Japan rather than
to the Eastern Himalaya, and phytogeographically this region is intermediate between
the Sino-Himalayan and the Sino-Japanese patterns. However, the problem of phyto-
geography of western Hupeh and the adjacent region of Szechuan is a complicated
one requiring further study.
相似文献