共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
P. Gerald McKenna 《Higher Education Quarterly》1996,50(2):110-118
The 1991 Government White Paper which abolished the binary divide in British universities brought the former polytechnics (new universities) into direct competition with the traditional (old) universities for research funds from the Funding Councils based on periodic Research Assessment Exercises (RAEs). The outcome of the 1992 RAE showed a predictable gap in research performance between the two groups of institutions. The challenge facing the new universities will be for some, at least, to narrow the gap and/or develop a small number of centres of research excellence and thus challenge the long standing research hegemony enjoyed by the old universities. This will almost certainly involve intense selectivity in the allocation of available research resources and will be influenced by the'missions'of the institutions involved, the extent of underlying support for such developments and the management structures and style employed. 相似文献
2.
为促进大学创新能力的提高,英国政府鼓励大学争取第三类经费,高等教育创新基金(HEIF)是第三类经费的重要组成部分,也是其重要的经费来源。本文将解析高等教育创新基金(HEIF)的运作过程,论述该基金的发展和影响,探讨英国大学创新过程中经费资助的发展方向。 相似文献
3.
存在与本质:研究型大学中的学术权力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
学术属性使研究型大学成为一种典型的学术组织。伴随着科学研究功能日益强化,建立规范的学科规训制度的呼声越来越高,其学术属性更加突出。在此背景下,大学内部的学科规训、科学基金支持、科研成果评价、教师职称晋升、教学水平评估等学术活动的管理,成为研究型大学组织中学术权力存在的基础。学术自由、教授治校、大学自主则是学术权力的本质特征。 相似文献
4.
Ron Ayres 《Higher Education Quarterly》1994,48(1):37-56
The changing structure of higher education in economics is discussed in the context of the dual elements of control exerted through the Universities Funding Council (UFC) research assessment exercises and the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) recognition exercises. The evidence points to a major restructuring taking place within the old university sector with the majority of economics departments making up a second 'mixed' tier while the new universities are primarily but not exclusively 'teaching' institutions. On the whole 'research' tier departments have achieved overall excellence but there are a few cases where a departments position is based on a specialist niche in the subject. While departmental size is linked to research output there is evidence of research excellence throughout the Higher Education (HE) sector and the paper argues against a severe rationalization of research funds. The significance of the changes for course delivery are briefly discussed. 相似文献
5.
德国版的大学重点资助政策“卓越计划”提高了受资助机构的科研资金收入，这些资金主要被卓越大学用于科研人员支出，博士候选人成为其中最大的受益群体。证据表明，受到“卓越计划”资助的德国卓越大学扩大了博士候选人的培养规模，科研发表产出继而提升。德国高等教育领域历来视博士候选人为“科学继承者”，给予博士候选人正式的科研人员地位，在绩效导向和周期特性的大学重点资助政策背景下，体现出了更高的科研效率。 相似文献
6.
Colin Raban 《Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education》2013,17(4):112-118
The English Funding Council has announced its intention to invite tenders for the contract currently held by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA), and the Australian government is promoting a Bill to curb the activities of the equivalent body, the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency. This article compares the two agencies, and it draws upon debates and developments in Australia to interpret recent changes in QAA's relationship with universities focusing, in particular, on the significance of the UK Quality Code for Higher Education and the new single review method – Higher Education Review. The authors suggest that QAA's current crisis may have been precipitated by its failure to attend to the concerns of its members (Universities UK and the other representative bodies). The article concludes by proposing three basic principles which should govern the design of any new method for the review of UK higher education institutions. 相似文献
7.
英国高等教育财政模式及其启示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
英国高等教育财政模式是学院模式的代表,其教育资源的分配是通过拨款委员会进行的。但近年来．由于受教育大众化、市场化、财政紧缩等因素影响,英国高等教育财政已经进行改革,并呈现资金来源多元化、财政自主化、企业化等发展趋势。本文通过对现行英国高等教育财政模式和改革趋势分析,以期对我国高等教育财政改革有所启示。 相似文献
8.
9.
The Nigerian university system: meeting the challenges of growth in a depressed economy 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Akin O. Adesola 《Higher Education》1991,21(1):121-133
A phenomenal expansion of the Nigerian university system began with the oil boom of the 1970s. Following a downturn in the nation's economy and the introduction of structural adjustment programmes, government subventions to Nigerian universities have dropped appreciably, and in real terms the universities have suffered considerable decline in purchasing power. Institutional structures for monitoring efficiency have played an important role in efforts to maintain academic standards; but in the face of continued uncontrolled expansion and in the absence of basic facilities for teaching and research, the university system cannot sustain a healthy growth. Greater attention is being given to improved fiscal management, income generation by the universities and rationalisation of academic programmes. As scholarships and bursary awards for able but indigent students are resuscitated, cost recovery measures in the universities need to be intensified. Proposals for the establishment of private universities operating within guidelines prescribed by the National Universities Commission (NUC) should be re-examined. 相似文献
10.
论新建地方本科院校科研工作的可持续发展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科研工作是高校发展的基础和先导,是提高教学质量的基本途径,也是为社会服务的主渠道.新建地方本科院校相对于传统研究型大学和教学研究型大学,有其强劲的后发优势和广阔的发展空间.同时也存在科研基础薄弱、科研经费严重不足、缺乏国家教育政策扶持等问题.因此,新建地方本科院校的科研工作必须强化科研意识,完善科研制度,突出地方特色,走为地方社会经济服务之路,才能保证其健康、持续的发展. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(4):475-489
A significant body of work has emerged over the last 10 years investigating the experiences of international university students. These studies have covered various challenges faced by some groups of international students relating to culture, language and integration and have been prompted by the increase in international students studying in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. A smaller strand of research has also begun to focus on the experiences, perspectives and reactions of academic staff who have seen the composition of their cohorts change substantially over recent years in terms of numbers of international participants. This article reviews relevant literature in this field, reporting on a questionnaire study based at two UK post‐92 universities. Respondents associated a range of traits with international students and suggested that the increasing number of international students enhanced the environment, but also required a higher level of support. This study also found that staff resorted to informal methods when developing means of adapting their practices to the increasing number of international students, preferring discussion with colleagues and students themselves to formal development programmes or advice from specialist departments such as student support. The article concludes that in order to encourage diversity in a meaningful way, universities need to recognise the challenge of increased numbers of international students and support staff accordingly. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(2):139-148
Through the dual tasks of teaching and research, academics have traditionally been in a prime position of influence; that is, to be an agent of change for both students and the social context in which they operate. There is little doubt that given the momentous changes presently taking place within universities in Australia and the UK, the academic workplace will continue to involve ongoing change. In this paper, it is argued that in the debates ranging over the effects of increased class sizes, reduction in time for research and the greater need for income-producing activities such as consultancies, effects on the university academic role are often overlooked. The shifting role of the academic from an agent of change through their academic activity to one of a victim of change is examined. The issue is explored through consideration of changes in the nature and expectations of the role as universities respond to external pressures. It is suggested that academic disengagement from the role of change agent through interaction and dialogue has potentially serious implications. These are explored in terms of possible effects on the quality of learning for students. 相似文献
13.
《Higher Education Policy》1997,10(2):127-136
Linkage and cooperation with other universities in the domain of education, research and training is viewed as one of the important activities in many universities. Since its creation in 1962, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) has maintained contacts with foreign universities in the region and other parts of the world through academic linkage and cooperation projects. This is necessary and has been found to be useful in keeping abreast of changes and innovations in research, teaching, as well as in program and staff development. The purpose of academic and research linkages is to encourage and promote transfer of knowledge and expertise which is often facilitated through two way exchange and cooperative visits by faculty and students of participating universities. Visits are generally designed for the purpose of field experience, cooperative research, and teaching. In order to keep pace with the changing and ever expanding frontier of knowledge, the need for international linkages and exchanges is receiving increased interest. The goal of these exchange and linkage agreements is a stable and self financed institutional relationship promoting productive, cooperative research and curriculum development. Donor agencies, generally identified jointly by participating universities, provide funds for equipment, reference materials, and exchange fellowships. Each participating university provides counterpart funds by absorbing substantial costs of salaries, benefits, overheads, and administration. 相似文献
14.
英国大学科研评估创新与发展的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了加强政府科研拨款的选择性和透明度,提高其使用效率,英国大学科研评估应运而生。在其实施的20多年间,科研评估活动根据时代发展做出创新与调整,因此对英国大学、学系和研究人员都产生了巨大的影响。主要体现在:大学的研究质量普遍提高,出现了资源"集聚效应"和"管理文化",学系和研究人员等都对科研评估活动作出积极反应。而对科研评估活动的创新与发展进行回顾并总结其影响是全面解读该评估的关键。 相似文献
15.
Vikki Boliver 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(5):608-627
In 1992 the binary divide between universities and polytechnics was dismantled to create a nominally unitary system of higher education for the UK. Just a year later, the first UK university league table was published, and the year after that saw the formation of the Russell Group of self-proclaimed ‘leading’ universities. This paper asks whether there are distinctive clusters of higher and lower status universities in the UK, and, in particular, whether the Russell Group institutions can be said to constitute a distinctive elite tier. Cluster analysis of publicly available data on the research activity, teaching quality, economic resources, academic selectivity, and socioeconomic student mix of UK universities demonstrates that the former binary divide persists with Old (pre-1992) universities characterised by higher levels of research activity, greater wealth, more academically successful and socioeconomically advantaged student intakes, but similar levels of teaching quality, compared to New (post-1992) institutions. Among the Old universities, Oxford and Cambridge emerge as an elite tier, whereas the remaining 22 Russell Group universities appear to be undifferentiated from the majority of other Old universities. A division among the New universities is also evident, with around a quarter of New universities forming a distinctive lower tier. 相似文献
16.
当下民办高校的生存与发展已然成为社会各界关注的热点之一,因民办高校的资金来源多来于民间,其内部治理必然也成为学界探讨的焦点。通过对民国时期中国的私立高校的研究与思考,尤其对在这一时期私立高校内部监督机制的分析,发现私立高校对资金的投入、使用、资金管理人员的职责分工都有较完善的明文规定。这些都为我国解决民办高校内部治理所面临的问题提供了借鉴。 相似文献
17.
ETF基金具有广阔的市场前景,在我国资本市场中发挥着重要作用。此文试图通过结合金融危机及货币政策时间表,通过对ETF基金的收益率进行建模,从而对ETF的收益及风险的影响进行分析并从中梳理货币政策逻辑。实证发现,金融危机前后及宽松政策变化前后ETF基金的实际超额收益率跟市场的超额收益率一直保持较强的线性相关,且线性相关性呈现出小幅增强的趋势。总体来看,本次美国金融危机对我国ETF的收益率和风险都有一定的影响,但影响有限。 相似文献
18.
Apkarian Jacob Mulligan Kerry Rotondi Matthew B. Brint Steven 《Tertiary Education and Management》2014,20(2):151-164
This study compares the explanatory power of two models of academic governance: dual and managerial control. The research is based on characterizations by chief academic officers of the primary decision-makers involved in 13 types of recurrent academic decisions. We examine change between responses to surveys fielded to US four-year colleges and universities in 2000 and 2012. We find limited support for the dual control and the managerial control models in both years. As an alternative to the two dominant conceptual models, we develop an empirically grounded classification based on multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. In each year we find high faculty participation and management-dominant clusters. The other identified clusters do not map well onto either of the two dominant conceptual models. Given these results, we argue that configurational analysis should be used as a supplement to future studies monitoring the incidence of dual and managerial control in academic governance. 相似文献
19.
The effect of work placements on the academic performance of Chinese students in UK higher education
The main controversy as a result of the commercialisation of international education markets is that international students especially those from China are unable to perform as well as UK students in UK universities. So far, research has yet to identify the influence of placements on the academic performance of Chinese students from entry to graduation. Using four cohorts of accounting and finance students in a UK university, this present work is the first to find that Chinese students who undertake placements in the third year are seven times more likely to achieve good degrees (2.1 or 1st) than those who opt out of work placements. It is also found that Chinese students who have a high prior academic achievement and better academic results from years 1 and 2 are likely to undertake placements. Finally, the results show that the academic performance of international students is influenced by domicile. 相似文献
20.
This paper is part of a program to study organisational effectiveness in higher educational institutions in the UK and Australia, and to compare the results with work conducted by Cameron (1981, 1986) in the USA. Cameron's work empirically derived and confirmed nine effectiveness dimensions and offered a typology of four institutional groups. In the UK, following surveys of the perceptions of senior academics and administrators concerning their own institutions, Lysons and Hatherly (1992, 1996) obtained results highly consistent with those of Cameron, and their analysis also supported a typology of four groups, namely classical redbrick universities, former polytechnics, former colleges of technology and 60's greenfield universities.An important further issue is the external validity of such effectiveness research particularly when discriminating between various categories of institutions. This paper uses data derived independently of the perceptual survey data to predict and confirm the taxonomy of four institutional groups already established in the prior UK research. These data come from the research ratings of the Universities Funding Council (UFC) and the Times Good University Guide. The Times data includes objective statistical data about each institution whilst the UFC ratings are based on the expert judgements of research assessment panels with representation from a range of institutions.The typology of four institutional groupings confirmed by the data analysed in this paper is consistent with the competing values explanations for organisational taxonomies (Quinn and Rohrbaugh 1983; Lysons 1993). 相似文献