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1.
全纳教育理念追求教育公平、机会平等,尊重个体差异,主张普通学校应接纳所有儿童,认为社会应构建全纳学校、全纳社区,进而构建全纳性社会.随着社会的发展,资源、教育资源的内涵与外延不断更新.在全纳教育背景下,对特殊教育资源进行界定,得出全纳教育理念及特殊教育资源对教师、教育的启示.特殊教育资源应从本国具体历史条件出发,突出对特殊教育运转和发展的信息、价值、功能作用,并应将之用于特殊教育实践活动当中. 相似文献
2.
This article summarises three case studies examining the implementation of inclusive practices, which evidence the exclusionary pressures acting in school settings that put the needs, rights and entitlements of vulnerable children and young people at risk. It examines how three very culturally different secondary schools in England interpreted inclusive policies and illuminates the various constraints to the implementation of inclusive practices as experienced by senior leaders, teachers, parents and pupils in these schools. Conceptual unpreparedness towards inclusion versus integration, knowledge and false conceptualisations of special educational needs and difficulties associated with differentiation and time limitations were the main barriers presented. The implications for initial and professional teacher education are posited; it is suggested that inclusion can work by removing the diagnostic paradigm associated with special educational needs and by creating a framework for teachers' lifelong learning focusing on a social justice oriented pedagogy that will empower teachers conceptually and practically. 相似文献
3.
立足毕节试验区特殊教育发展的基础与现状,客观面对存在的问题和困难,抓住良好的发展机遇,理性发展毕节试验区特殊教育。必须转变观念,树立新的残疾人教育观;进一步提高残疾儿童少年义务教育普及水平,不断完善残疾人教育体系;建立政府、教育主管部门和学校三级联合管理系统;全面深化教育教学改革,进一步提高特殊教育质量;加强特殊教育师资队伍建设,提高教师专业化水平;加强舆论引导,多渠道引进社会办学力量;加快特殊教育信息化进程,以信息化带动特殊教育的现代化。 相似文献
4.
Inclusive special needs education is prominent on the international education agenda. Research on the characteristics of inclusive education for students with special needs and schools providing this is scarce, however. Our aim in the present study was therefore to further theory-building with regard to inclusive special needs education. On the basis of the relevant literature, we identified three core aspects of inclusivity: the learning environment, the guidance provided by teachers and the general care structure. With the help of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses conducted on data obtained from school professionals in 79 secondary schools in the Netherlands, we were able to identify 12 underlying characteristics for a conceptual framework to further research on the inclusive nature of schools and education. Multilevel structural equation modelling of the judgments of school professionals at the level of the school also showed that the inclusive special needs education in at least secondary schools can be characterised by two main factors: (1) learning environment and (2) guidance and care. The analyses showed considerable agreement on the important aspects of inclusivity for schools and thus how differences between schools can be explained. The results further showed the work of the care coordinator – which includes cooperation with external partners and teachers with mentoring roles – to be the clearest indicator of the extent of the inclusive special needs education within schools. This finding is interpreted as suggesting that the recommended teaching practices and student care for adequate included special needs education have not yet been integrated into teachers’ thinking and acting. Follow-up research drawing upon the developed framework is therefore called for to not only more generally validate the framework but also determine if the situation in school has changed, now that the policy and practices for inclusive education have become more familiar. 相似文献
5.
Sally Tomlinson 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2016,37(4):513-528
ABSTRACTIn countries that have developed special education (SE) provision, whether in segregated settings or ‘included’ in mainstream, racial, ethnic and immigrant minorities continue to be disproportionately represented. Explanations for placement in SE programmes continue to centre round assumptions of deficiencies in student abilities to learn and ‘behave’, their family backgrounds and communities. Many policy-makers, politicians, schools and teachers ignore or are ignorant of the historical background and social contexts in which these students are expected to learn. The article overviews some of this history and policy responses concerned with SE, low attainment and troublesome school behaviour in England, including recent evidence and current explanations for the placement of the students. A premise here is that research, policy and literature are still separating what is happening in ‘special’ education from other areas of education. This cannot continue, as world-wide moves towards inclusive education have meant that mainstream schools and colleges now incorporate (or still exclude) a range of students regarded as having learning difficulties or disabilities, and all young people are now expected to acquire some kind of qualification or be prepared for independent living. 相似文献
6.
通过调查西南大学本科师范生对特殊教育的态度,发现其大部分对特殊教育缺乏深入了解,但是态度较为积极。建议：引进特教师资,开设特殊教育选修课,适当加大手语盲文技能课的比重;出台相关政策,加强普校和特校的交流合作,增进交流互助,使特殊教育融合于普通教育中;在教师资格证考核中加入特殊教育的有关内容,尽快建立和实行特殊教育教师专业资格证书制度,同时加强在职教师的培训,进一步提高其道德素质和专业技能;有效利用电视、网络等新型传媒方式宣传特殊教育,尤其在农村地区。 相似文献
7.
This paper examines recent historical, social and economic factors in Albania and Serbia, identifying similarities and differences that have a bearing on the provision of education. The focus is on the education of children with difficulties in learning and/or disabilities (the term ‘special needs’ is used for brevity). The paper provides a summary of the past and present situation of children with special needs in both countries. The role and motivation of international non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) involved in funding and developing inclusive educational policies and practices in both countries are examined. There are substantial barriers to inclusive education in Albania and Serbia. These are identified and discussed before examining more recent positive developments in both countries. Two individual examples of schools that are making progress are profiled, one from each country. Finally, the prospects for the future in both countries are examined, and the prediction made that in‐country efforts and developments will result in further slow and uneven progress towards inclusive education in Albania and Serbia. For any of this to happen, however, it will be important that conditions of economic recovery, social stability, the political drive towards Europe and its inclusive standards, and further help from international NGOs, prevail. 相似文献
8.
With moves towards inclusive education, there are demands for developments in initial teacher education as regards special needs and inclusive education. This paper outlines initial training in England within an international context. It then reports findings of a recent national survey of Programme directors and subject tutors of Post Graduate Certificate in Education programmes (PGCE) for primary and secondary teachers about the initial training provision in this aspect teaching. The main findings are about varied practices across placement schools, the commitment to the training partnership, coordination problems across the partnership and organising teaching experience of pupils with SEN. The implications of the study are also discussed in national and international terms. 相似文献
9.
This paper focuses on parents' perspectives of combining special and mainstream services for their children in the early years, offering insights into: how parents came to make this choice for their children's education; what parents expected from the combined provision and how their expectations were being met in practice. The data presented formed part of a small‐scale, UK‐based study that investigated local discourses and practices operating for young children within a global context of commitment to inclusion. Despite moves towards inclusive early years education in the UK, many parents of young children identified as having special educational needs opt for a combination of both inclusive and special early years settings. A survey sent to early years providers, voluntary groups and parents in three local education authorities (LEAs) in southern England, revealed that the practice of combining placements was widespread. Follow‐up interviews with parents of five children revealed rich detail about the processes of choice making and parents' expectations and experiences of combined provision. The research findings have clear implications for the development of inclusive education and its appeal to parents, who may need convincing that it can offer sufficient specialist expertise and resources. 相似文献
10.
Nidhi Singal 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2006,53(3):351-369
This article examines education of children belonging to marginalised groups, with particular reference to children with disabilities, within the Indian context. Based on an analysis of post‐independence Government documents, various educational provisions made available for children with disabilities are discussed. It explores the Indian Government’s focus on the development of special schools, its efforts towards integration, and the more recent emphasis on inclusive education. Furthermore, it attempts to elucidate “inclusive education” as understood in various official documents. The article concludes by arguing for a need to develop a contextual understanding of inclusive education that is reflective of current educational concerns in India. 相似文献
11.
Ingemar Emanuelsson 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):133-142
The four studies on support teacher roles from the UK, The Netherlands, Spain and Australia, in this issue of the journal, are considered via a comparative analysis. Two perspectives, namely categorical and relational, are applied to identify the main continuities and discontinuities related to basic understandings of special need support in inclusive education development. Within-country differences were found more decisive for support teacher roles than those between countries. Conditions for support teacher roles being reactive or proactive are discussed with reference to mandates; status of power and priorities; and time allocated for coordinating tasks. ‘Scapegoat’ roles for support teachers are also considered. Fostering the concept of inclusive education requires a commitment to whole-school reform. This is also seen as a prerequisite for support coordinators' roles to develop in a more proactive way. 相似文献
12.
Guanglun Michael Mu 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2015,62(6):551-555
China has a massive population of children with disabilities. To address the special needs of these children, special/inclusive education in China has developed dramatically since the early 1980s onwards. This Special Issue puts together seven empirical studies emerging from the Chinese societies. These studies analyse inclusive discourses embedded in the education policy documents; scrutinise professional competence of inclusive education teachers; evaluate inclusive education practices in physical education, mathematics education, and job-related social skills education provided to students with disabilities; debate the required in-class support for inclusive education teachers; and discuss the social attitudes towards people with disabilities. The foci, methods and theories vary across the seven studies, while their aims converge. These studies are seeking best possible approaches and best available resources that facilitate inclusion. Knowledge built and lessons learned from these studies will provide implications for future inclusive education practices in China and beyond. 相似文献
13.
A.M. Ralli M. Margeti E. Doudoni V. Pantelemidou T. Rozou E. Evaggelopoulou 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):233-249
During the last few years, across Europe, special education has been orientated towards an inclusive model. Accordingly, in Greece, special education functions as an integral part of general education. However, few studies have investigated how children in the mainstream school understand diversity issues and specifically learning difficulties. The present study investigated typically developing children’s understanding of and attitudes towards diversity, and peers with learning difficulties. For this purpose, children aged 9–12 years, completed a questionnaire with mainly open‐ended questions and some close‐type questions. Regarding children’s understanding of diversity, the majority of responses focused more on individual/personality differences, on biological differences and less on disabilities or difficulties. Research into children’s understanding about the causes of learning difficulties demonstrated misunderstanding, while a large number of children had a total lack of knowledge. On the other hand, they seem to understand that learning difficulties may affect all the aspects of life. Children’s attitudes towards school inclusion were positive on a more superficial level. Results are discussed in terms of educational implications and school practice for the development and implementation of appropriate intervention programs. 相似文献
14.
In recent years there has been a significant debate regarding the ways in which different educational systems throughout the world could develop more inclusive practices in their schools. Based on the notion that the education of children considered as having special needs should be considered as part of a wider process of school development, in this study, we investigated the implications of the integration of deaf and hard of hearing students (D/HH) in relation to the practices used by teachers. Using qualitative data from a secondary school in Cyprus, we formed two assertions which are supported by examples that embraced inclusive practices: (a) the presence of D/HH students obliged teachers to differentiate their teaching and what innovations were used in the class with D/HH pupils were also used afterwards in the classes with all students with success; and (b) the presence of D/HH students in the school led teachers to develop collaborations between themselves, a fact that facilitated the learning not only of the D/HH students, but also of all the children. The integration of D/HH students led teachers to the development of more inclusive practices, which in turn had an impact on all students of the school. 相似文献
15.
Kirsten Kristensen Martin Omagor-Loican Negris Onen 《British Journal of Special Education》2003,30(4):194-201
Colleagues in developing countries are required to meet a range of challenges when implementing educationally inclusive policies and practices. In this article, Kirsten Kristensen, clinical phychologist and senior consultant in special needs education and development; Martin Omagor-Loican, commissioner for special needs education, careers guidance and counselling; and Negris Onen, principal education officer in the Ministry of Education and Sports in Uganda, describe work focused on addressing the needs of all learners, including those who experience barriers to learning and development, in ordinary, mainstream school settings. The authors draw upon a study of current attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about trends towards inclusion in Uganda. The findings indicate progress in the introduction and implementation of inclusive policies; improved professional development opportunities for staff concerned with special education at all levels; and relatively positive attitudes towards inclusion. The study also raises concerns, however, about the ways in which the education system is structured and managed in a country where class sizes are enormous and resources are few. The authors make a number of key recommendations for developing mechanisms, structures and capacity in support of inclusion at all levels and report positive and encouraging recent developments. 相似文献
16.
丹麦是一个工、农业生产都较为先进 ,教育也较发达的国家 ,也是世界上实施义务教育比较早的国家 ,而特殊教育的水平在欧洲各国中也是名列前茅的 ,当然也存在着这样那样的问题。本文从丹麦的教育、特殊教育和特殊师范教育三个方面入手 ,简要地阐述丹麦特殊教育发展的基本情况和存在的问题 ,以期为我国特殊教育的进步提供一些参考 ,提高我国的特殊教育发展水平。 相似文献
17.
The shift from special schools towards inclusive education is becoming increasingly prevalent across education systems around the world. However, the challenges this shift brings remain critical for developing nations where there is a huge chasm between policies and practices. This study used instrumental case study design to examine how a general education teacher strategised her teaching and classroom practices while accommodating a student with complex learning and behavioural disabilities within a regular classroom. Data collected through observations, in depth interviews and reflective journals suggested that the teacher made conscious efforts within limited resources to create strategies to help the student fit in the mainstream classroom. The strategies are discussed under socio-emotional, cognitive and physical categories. Implications for teachers' professional development are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Lena Lind 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(2):185-195
In this study 20 beginning special education teachers were asked to describe their experiences in general education settings. To provide data, each teacher completed approximately three electronic reflective journals during a school year and also participated in a phone interview, which was aimed to give in-depth information regarding the participants’ comments in the journals. The participants described their experiences in regard to collaboration with mainstream teachers, the delivery of the curriculum and the understanding of their role with reference to identity. They reported some good experiences but also many difficulties in their attempts to support pupils with special educational needs (SEN) and enhance their learning and participation in mainstream schools. Challenges in collaboration, the delivery of the curriculum and the development of teachers’ identity at the beginning of a career in special education are discussed. We argue that the teachers’ experiences are associated with the legislative educational system and the school culture which does not encourage collaborative practices but rather promotes individualism and leads to exclusive practices. 相似文献
19.
近代世界特殊教育经历了从思想到实践的过程;中国特殊教育经历了从照搬到创新的过程.特殊教育对象也在不断分化,最终形成了特殊需要儿童的概念,这就要求实施全纳教育,满足所有儿童的教育需要.当代特殊教育对象演变趋势表现为以学习障碍儿童教育为重点;重视超常儿童教育;加强生计教育;促进终身教育体系的完善;开展全方位的一体化教育服务.通过对特殊教育对象演变的分析,对中国特殊教育改革的启示为努力扩大特殊教育对象;贯彻因材施教原则;提供生计教育;进一步发展超常儿童教育;正确认识一体化项目中的特殊儿童;改革师资培训制度;做好特殊儿童家长工作. 相似文献
20.
Maria Pallisera Montserrat Vilà Judit Fullana 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(11):1115-1129
Research analysing good practices in the area of labour market inclusion for people with disabilities shows that the role of the secondary school is fundamental in improving employment opportunities. The aim of this article is to analyse to what extent secondary education in Spain prepares young people with learning difficulties for later inclusion in society and the labour market. Results from studies into good practices in secondary education have established which educational characteristics to take into account for pupils' transition to working life and the need for the school to lead this process. We contrast these results with the current situation in Spain by comprehensively analysing how current secondary education is facing up to the challenges of labour market inclusion for young people with disabilities. Following this, we propose guidelines for the improvement of educational practices in secondary education so as to foster opportunities for labour market participation, from an inclusive viewpoint, for young people with learning disabilities. 相似文献