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1.
An intrinsic link exists between instructional design (ID) and distance learning (DL). Their inextricability in the real world raises specific problems of interest in the field of ID. In no other teaching/learning situation is ID so essential as in DL. The conditions of DL make it a necessity to have long-term instructional planning, cost analysis, curriculum and course development, instructional materials development and maintenance, delivery plans, and detailed evaluation rules. Without all of these components, DL simply could not happen. It took some time for this neccessity to be acknowledged, as can be seen in the history of DL. However, ID becomes even more critical as increasingly costly and complex means are used. Conditions of learning have special features in DL, such as the role of media, since the professor, teacher or instructor is replaced by media for either transmitting information or for organizing learning activities. In this paper, the term distance learning will be used to mean media-based, remote or asynchronous learning supported by an instructional system. This paper introduces general features of DL and examines essential aspects of ID for DL, with special emphasis on ID methodologies and on media selection. 相似文献
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Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer Rob Martens 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2002,50(4):5-9
Modern instructional theories are characterized by their focus on rich, multidisciplinary and often collaborative learning
tasks that are somehow representative for authentic, real life tasks. This new view on learning heavily increases the complexity
of the design process and the resulting instructional systems. It is argued that computer-based instructional design (ID)
tools may help to deal with this growing complexity. A framework to distinguish different kinds of ID tools is presented.
This framework is then used to introduce the contributions to this special issue. 相似文献
4.
Revisioning models of instructional development 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
Kent L. Gustafson Robert Maribe Branch 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1997,45(3):73-89
Instructional development (ID) models are almost as numerous as the practitioners of instructional development. The role of
models in instructional development is to provide conceptual and communication tools that can be used to visualize, direct,
and manage processes for generating episodes of guided learning. Instructional development can be practiced in a variety of
settings and various models have been created that reflect this variation. This article presents some of the early history
of instructional development models, reviews some of the more influential ID models, and discusses the possible impact of
selected trends on futgure models of instructional development. 相似文献
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This article begins this special issue of ETR&D-Development by discussing what the cognitive approach to instructional design
(ID) is and how ID practitioners can design training differently using the approach. Following some introductory comments
about purpose, scope and perspective, the article is in two parts. The first part describes why the cognitive approach to
ID is important and how the current approach to instructional design and training development is different from the cognitive
approach. It then explains how learning occurs according to the cognitive point of view, and the different categories of learning
according to one type of cognitive psychology. The second part describes a model that synthesizes and summarizes the components
of a well-designed lesson, and describes what is different about this model from the current approach to ID. This model relates
what learners have to do to learn to what instructional designers have to do to help them do so. It presents and briefly explains
and exemplifies a general framework for instructional design based on cognitive psychology. Finally, it presents a table that
can be used as a job aid to design training. 相似文献
7.
Jia-Wei Zhang Lam Wong Tak-Hang Chan Chi-Shing Chiu 《Frontiers of Education in China》2014,9(2):250-273
Using a qualitative case study approach, the authors analyzed the curriculum adaptation process for one project learning activity in School K, which is a SID school in the context of school-university collaboration. Multiple sources of data were collected for triangulation, including interviews, documents and observations. Curriculum adaptation strategies in this study were analyzed from five perspectives: instructional goals, instructional content, instructional strategies, instructional settings, and student behavioral needs. It was found that curriculum adaptation efforts could help students with ID develop potential at their own level through project learning activates and teachers could also gain professional development during the university-school collaboration process. As for future studies, enlarging the sample size, involving teachers’ past orientations and motivations in the project learning process, and collecting quantitative data could all be taken into account. 相似文献
8.
This study aimed at experimentally investigating the moderating role of instructional conceptions on the effectiveness of
powerful learning environments (PLE) designed in line with the four-component instructional design model (4C/ID-model). The
study also investigated the influence of learning in a 4C/ID PLE on students’ instructional conceptions. To achieve its goal,
a study with a one by one by two pre-test post-test quasi-experimental design was done. Three functionally equivalent classes
of students from three similar (secondary technical) schools were randomly exposed to three different treatments. The participants
consisted of 129 (47, 41, 41) students. The treatments were one control group with a regular method of teaching, and two experimental
groups: a 4C/ID PLE with ICT, and a 4C/ID PLE without ICT. The instructional conceptions questionnaire was administered both
in the pre-and the post-test to assess students’ instructional conceptions. Pre- and post-tests contain retention and transfer
items. Technical teachers were trained to implement the interventions. In contrast to expectation, findings show no moderating
effects of students’ instructional conceptions on the learning environments. Finally, the results indicate that students’
instructional conceptions positively change after implementation of the three interventions. The theoretical, research, and
practical implications of the results for the instructional design and technology community as well as educational practice
are discussed. 相似文献
9.
Punam Medh 《Performance Improvement》2014,53(8):30-38
A blueprint for effective learning can be created quickly using the ID Ready Reckoner. This is a job aid that assists learning professionals in selecting appropriate instructional techniques for different levels of learning objectives based on their content types. The job aid also recommends the most suitable assessment formats for a given learning objective level. Instructional techniques and assessment formats together provide an effective instructional strategy for classroom training design. The use of this job aid requires little or no specialization in instructional design. 相似文献
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Neal Shambaugh Susan Magliaro 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2001,49(2):69-92
Although there are numerous models to practive instructional design (ID), few instructional models to teach instructional
design have been documented. This article documents a five-year study of two instructors who collaborated on formally studying
their teaching of a master's level instructional design course. A reflexive instructional approach was used, in which the
teachers examined their teaching while students were being prompted to reflect on their learning of instructional design through
a course-long ID project. In this article we summarize our views on learning, teaching, and instructional design. A design
and development framework from developmental research (Richey & Nelson, 1996) was used to describe our teaching in terms of
the design decisions, model implementation, and model evaluation across six deliveries of the ID course from 1994–1998. 相似文献
11.
Game-based learning has been a popular development and recommended as an effective pedagogy in educating new generations of learners. Few studies, however, have demonstrated the efficacy of game-based learning on learners’ academic performance with empirical data. The described learning outcomes of game-based pedagogy within the limited available research are diverse. One prominent explanation is the lack of established guidelines. This paper addresses the issues of game design guidelines through a qualitative phenomenographic perspective of the experience of a group of students designing an educational game utilizing an adapted instructional design (ID) model – the gentry model. The results revealed the participants benefited from the process primarily in two capacities: a significant growth in their knowledge of game design and content knowledge; and great enjoyment and high motivation in the learning process. We conclude ID models with proper adaption and adjustment are effective to provide guidance and improve the efficacy of game-based learning if more ID models will be examined. 相似文献
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A peer review process, in which students reviewed other students' projects in a graduate introductory instructional design course, was evaluated. Peer review was experienced by these students as a learning activity about the process of instructional design (ID). The role of traditional ID models in representing ID as overly procedural‐ized was mitigated, and the value, inter‐personal processes, and affective aspects of formative evaluation were recognized. The effectiveness of peer review was influenced by the culture of the course in which it was embedded and by the structure of the process itself. Peer review is proposed as an authentic and efficient means to introduce graduate students to the strategic knowledge needed to apply ID skills. Recommendations are made to increase the effectiveness of peer review. 相似文献
14.
Many theories have been proposed to help instructional designers make instructional‐strategy decisions, yet it is not clear if these theories are actually used by ID practitioners. This study used a web‐survey to examine the design strategies of 113 ID practitioners. The survey asked respondents to rate how frequently they used learning or ID theories as well as 10 other design strategies, to help make instructional‐strategy decisions. Respondents were also asked how often they used different information sources to learn about new theories, trends, and strategies, and to respond to a set of contrasting statements depicting objectivist vs. construc‐tivist assumptions. The results indicate that ID practitioners most often rely on interaction with others both as a means of making instructional‐strategy decisions and of learning about new theories, trends, and strategies. Only fifty percent of the respondents said they regularly use theories when making instructional‐strategy decisions, using other design strategies more frequently instead; and most practitioners are eclectic in their underlying philosophical assumptions. Based on these results, we discuss implications for training and ongoing support of instructional designers. 相似文献
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A major challenge for learning theories is to illuminate how particular kinds of learning experiences and environments promote
the development of expertise. Research has been conducted into novice-expert differences in various domains, but few studies
have examined the processes involved in learners’ expertise development. In an attempt to understand the development of expertise
in instructional design (ID) among graduate students, this study aimed to investigate (1) the patterns of expertise development
among ID learners over an extended period; (2) the roles of expert modelling, peer feedback, self-reflection and participation
in a supportive learning community in learners’ expertise development; and (3) the interactions of individual differences
and the learning environment in learners’ expertise development. A qualitative design was used to investigate students’ expertise
development across a range of dimensions. The participants were two cohorts of 11 graduate students in a program on instructional
psychology and design. Data, including observations, interviews, design documents, metacognitive essays and peer feedback,
were collected for triangulation and in-depth analysis. The results showed that the two cohorts exhibited similar patterns
in their ID expertise development. These development processes were influenced by both self-processes and social influences.
Self-processes are determined by the perceptions, motivation and prior knowledge that students bring into the learning environment.
Social influences are characterised by a learning community that encourages peer interactions and feedback and is supported
by expert modelling and scaffolding. 相似文献
16.
As the need for instructing a globalized workforce increases, instructional designers must embrace the constraints and the
opportunities these projects provide in order to move the field of cross-cultural instructional design (ID) forward. Cross-cultural
projects offer multiple avenues for growth in ID practice, overcoming cultural barriers, and a venue to apply and test contemporary
models, methodologies, and theories in ID. This design-based research case study employed a rapid prototyping methodology
and the constructivist ID model, Layers of Negotiation, to collect critical cultural information for the design of this cross-cultural
instruction. Instructional strategies deemed effective for instructing an unskilled workforce in Dubai, United Arab Emirates,
included job aids, situated learning and apprenticeship principles consisting of modeling, coaching and scaffolding. Use of
the constructivist ID model and instructional solution for a cross-cultural workforce for The Dubai Mall are presented. Evaluation
results indicate the success of the instructional strategies varied dependent upon worker culture, and the sequential nature
of the instructional strategies. 相似文献
17.
Developing technical expertise in secondary technical schools: The effect of 4C/ID learning environments 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this study, the effectiveness of learning environments, developed in line with the specifications of the four components
instructional design model (4C/ID model) and the additional effect of ICT for fostering the development of technical expertise
in traditional Ghanaian classrooms, was assessed. The study had a one-by-one-by-two pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design.
Three functionally equivalent classes of students from three similar (secondary technical) schools were randomly exposed to
three different treatments. The sample consisted of 129 students. The treatment groups consisted of one control group with
a regular method of teaching and two experimental groups: a 4C/ID learning environment with ICT; and a 4C/ID learning environment
without ICT. The content for the treatments was selected from the secondary technical education syllabus. Technical teachers
were trained to implement the interventions. After the pilot study, the materials were validated by experts and revised. Teachers
were retrained. The main study, consisting of six sessions, was conducted in regular classrooms in three schools. Results
indicated that a 4C/ID learning environment promotes the development of technical expertise in secondary technical education
better than teaching designed in line with a regular method of teaching. Moreover, results reveal no significant difference
in learning gains for the 4C/ID learning environment between the group with ICT and the group without ICT. In the final section,
the theoretical, research and practical implications of the results for the instructional design and technology community
as well as for educational practice, are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Yusup Hashim 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1999,30(4):341-358
This paper discusses the elements of instructional design (ID) and technical design in module writing. An evaluation instrument was developed to evaluate the modules written by course lecturers from the School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia. In the study, fifty modules (12%) were selected from the Arts, Science and Engineering courses. The findings of the evaluation showed that instructional modules were weak in a number of elements. The study recommended that multimedia and distance learning strategies should be integrated in the learning activities. Post-test and pre-test may be considered to make the learning modules more self-contained, self-instructional, and interactive. Courses on distance learning theories, instructional design and development, media selection, media attributes, multimedia production, media integration, utilisation and management in distance and open learning may help course writers to write better modules. The Centre needs to have a standard guideline for module writing. The present guidelines need to be improved to include other ID and technical elements in module writing. 相似文献
19.
Yi-Chia Cheng Hsin-Te Yeh 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2009,40(4):597-605
This paper explores the concepts of motivation, including extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. It describes how motivation becomes a major concern in the field of instructional design (ID). Furthermore, a motivation model—the ARCS model—is identified and discussed. Finally, it provides an example of how to apply the motivational design process in ID. The aim of this paper is to facilitate a deeper understanding of motivation and to inform professionals about its importance in learning 相似文献
20.
尤众喜 《中国教育技术装备》2008,(22)
以Drupal为例,介绍内容管理系统、教学网站和虚拟学习社区三者之间的某种联系,说明通过内容管理系统来建立和维护一个教学网站甚至虚拟学习社区的基本思路与手段,使读者能够了解以内容管理系统建设教学网站是一种高品质的解决方案。 相似文献