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Maria Sarkova Maria Bacikova-Sleskova Andrea Madarasova Geckova Zuzana Katreniakova Wim van den Heuvel Jitse P. van Dijk 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(4):367-378
Background:?The school environment has shown itself to be an important factor in explaining adolescent behaviour. The relationships and experiences that pupils have at school have been found to influence their development, psychological well-being, self-esteem and social adjustment.Purpose:?The aim of the study is to explore whether there is a relationship between pupil–peer and pupil–teacher relationships and psychological well-being and self-esteem, and whether this relationship varies according to pupils’ experience of bullying or being bullied.Sample: Data consisted of a sample of 3694 students (mean age?±?SD 14.3?±?0.62 years; 51% girls) from elementary schools in Slovakia.Design and method:?Questionnaires were administered to the students. In terms of data analysis, linear regression was firstly used in the whole sample to explore pupil–peer and pupil–teacher relationships and psychological well-being (the depression/anxiety and social dysfunction subscales of GHQ-12) and self-esteem (positive and negative self-esteem subscales of RSE). Next, the whole sample was divided into four groups in terms of involvement in bullying (normative contrasts, passive victims, aggressive non-victims and aggressive victims). Linear regression was used to explore the associations between pupil–peer and pupil–teacher relationships with the two factors of psychological well-being and two factors of self-esteem in these four groups.Results:?As findings showed, better pupil–peer relationships and also pupil–teacher relationships were significantly related statistically to less depression/anxiety and social dysfunction, as well as to more positive and less negative self-esteem. All bullying categories were significantly related to pupil–peer relationships and the four dependent variables. However, in the categories of aggressive victims and aggressive non-victims, the pupil–teacher relationship was not significantly related to their psychological well-being and self-esteem. Also, in all subgroups, better pupil–peer relationships were significantly related to less depression/anxiety and social dysfunction, as well as with more positive and less negative self-esteem.Conclusion:?Given the differences found in the connections between pupil–teacher relationships and well-being and self-esteem, between those who bullied and those who were bullied, it would seem that the school environment can play an important role in implementing anti-bullying prevention strategies. 相似文献
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ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to identify the developmental trajectories of peer attachment, self-esteem, depression, and child maltreatment, and to understand the longitudinal mediation effects that peer attachment and self-esteem have on the influence of perceived abuse on early adolescent depression.MethodsThis study uses Year 1 to Year 5 data of the 4th grader panel of the Korea Youth Panel Survey (KYPS) and utilizes a multivariate latent growth model to analyze the main variables in the applicable data between 5th (i.e., Year 2) and 8th (i.e., Year 5) grades.ResultsThe results indicate that from the 5th to the 8th grade, the degree of abuse and depression increases while self-esteem gradually decreases with slowly lowering peer attachment. A significant distribution of the initial values and the rate of change were present for all main variables of the study, confirming individual differences in time wise changes. Further, more exposure to abuse correlated with a decrease in self-esteem, while an increase in self-esteem greatly reduced depression. The initial value of self-esteem showed a partial mediation effect, whereas the rate of change indicated a full mediation effect with a significant longitudinal mediation effect. More experience of abuse during early adolescence indicated a lower degree of peer attachment, and a higher peer attachment was related to decreased depression. A significant partial mediation effect was present for both the initial value and the rate of change of peer attachment, and a longitudinal mediation effect was present.Practice implicationsThis study confirmed that self-esteem in early adolescents is an important protective factor that can greatly reduce the degree of depression, and suggests continuous interventions conducted to increase self-esteem in adolescence. Furthermore, by determining that peer attachment decreases the degree of depression in children at risk, the study emphasizes the healing aspect of adolescent peer attachment. 相似文献
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心理适应和一般生活满意感都是心理健康的重要指标。以青少年心理适应和一般生活满意感2个量表为研究工具,对403名南昌市普通中学的高中生和普通大学生进行测试,通过相关分析、多元方差以及回归分析方法进行分析,结果显示:⑴心理适应的各个维度以及总分与生活满意感均有可靠相关(P<0.01);在心理适应的指标中,人际适应和生活适应对生活满意感具有可靠的预测作用。⑵相对与中、大运动量来说,小运动量对于心理适应的效益最小。⑶运动量对心理适应与生活满意感的关系具有调节作用(ΔR2=0.01,P<0.01)。 相似文献
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Research using an attachment theory framework has provided evidence that parent attachment is one of the crucial determinants of psychological adjustment in adolescents, including global life satisfaction (LS). This study investigated the interrelationships among parent attachment, hope, and LS during early adolescence, including the mediation effect of hope in the relationship between parent attachment and LS. A sample of 565 middle‐school students in Grades 6 through 8 participated. Results showed statistically significant relationships among all three variables, and hope partially mediated the relationship between parent attachment and LS. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献
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主观幸福感研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
主观幸福感是反映生活质量的重要指标,从认知评价角度,认为主观幸福感是人们对自身生活满意程度的认知评价;从情感体验角度,认为主观幸福感是当前正性情绪和负性情绪平衡的结果;从形式上,认为主观幸福感是一种心理体验;从内容上,认为主观幸福感是人们所体验到的一种理想存在状态。财富、人格、文化和年龄因素对主观幸福感有不同程度的影响。人格理论、比较理论、目标理论、适应平衡理论和认知动机理论作为当前比较有代表性的理论,都从各自不同的角度对主观幸福感形成的心理机制进行解释。情感评估模式和认知评估模式成为主观幸福感测评的两种基本取向。当前主观幸福感研究中存在着"研究领域分布不均"、"主观幸福感的概念具有还原论和简单化倾向"、"主观评价与客观标准分离"等方面的不足,主观幸福感和心理幸福感有融合的研究趋势。 相似文献
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Sam Carr Kate Colthurst Melissa Coyle Dave Elliott 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2013,28(2):157-172
This study sought to investigate the predictive relationship that dimensions of attachment shared with an array of indicators of psychosocial well-being and mental health in a sample of students making the transition to higher education. One hundred and thirty-one students completed the Vulnerable Attachment Styles Questionnaire (VASQ) prior to enrolment in their first semester of university education. Subsequently, the students completed measures related to perceived loneliness, institutional integration, psychological need satisfaction, depressive symptoms and ways of coping during their first semester. Results suggested that higher scores in relation to the insecurity dimension of the VASQ were instrumental in predicting negative psychosocial well-being and mental health. The results discussed the key vulnerability dimensions of attachment when seeking to predict indices of psychosocial well-being and mental health. 相似文献
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It has been suggested that how one cognitively appraises his or her victimization experience will influence one's psychological adjustment. In this study, content analysis was conducted on the explanations given for their molestation by 84 female adolescent incest victims. The relationship of these explanations with measures of self-esteem and depression was examined. No relationship was found between self-esteem or depression scores and whether or not subjects found some meaning or explanation for their being molested. However, the type of attribution was related to self-esteem and depression, with subjects significantly more depressed and having lower self-esteem if they attributed the molestation as due to something about self (internal attribution) versus some reason external to self (external attribution). Subjects making internal attributions were more likely to have experienced intercourse. 相似文献
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许颖 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2020,(6):117-122
摘要:采用问卷调查法对511名幼儿教师进行调查,考察幼儿教师工作压力与生活满意度之间的关联,探讨心理资本和工作倦怠在其中的序列中介效应。结果表明:（1）幼儿教师工作压力、心理资本、工作倦怠、生活满意度两两显著相关;（2）幼儿教师工作压力对生活满意度的直接预测作用不显著,但分别通过心理资本、工作倦怠的独立中介作用以及二者的序列中介作用间接预测生活满意度。研究结果提示不仅要重视缓解幼儿教师的工作压力,降低工作倦怠,还要从提升幼儿教师心理资本、发挥个体资源的保护性作用等途径缓解工作压力对幼儿教师生活满意度的不利影响。 相似文献
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《Early education and development》2013,24(4):287-305
This paper describes the origins of parenting stress, defined both as tensions in the parent–child relationship and as broader changes in five family domains as men and women make the transition from couple to family life. Despite significant change in their average level of functioning, parents show continuity in their level of adaptation from pregnancy through the first five years of parenthood. Parenting stress emerges from the context of parents' individual and marital adaptation before the child is born. It is possible to identify expectant parents who are at risk for later parenting stress and lower well-being across employment and family domains. Path analyses show that men's and women's prior well-being and their involvement in paid work during pregnancy are associated with higher parenting stress—and lower self-esteem, marital satisfaction, family work satisfaction, and job satisfaction—two years later when their babies are 18months old. Stress in the parent–child relationship at 18 months postpartum compounds preexisting stress in other family domains to reduce well-being in other aspects of family life. Links among parenting stress, parenting quality, and children's adaptation to school lead to suggestions for preventive interventions early in the family life cycle. 相似文献
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Shyh Shin Wong 《Learning and individual differences》2012,22(1):76-82
This study examines the relationships of positive thinking versus negative thinking with psychological well-being and psychological maladjustment. Three hundred and ninety-eight undergraduate students from Singapore participated in this study. First, positive thinking were positively correlated with indicators psychological well-being – life satisfaction and happiness, and negatively correlated with indicators of psychopathology – stress, anxiety, depression, and anger. In contrast, negative thinking were positively correlated with indicators of psychopathology – stress, anxiety, depression, and anger, and negatively correlated with indicators of psychological well-being – life satisfaction and happiness. Second, hierarchical multiple regression results showed that females were more likely than males to be stressed and anxious at the first step of entry. However, there were no significant differences between the sexes in terms of depression, anger, life satisfaction, and happiness. Age did not significantly predict any of the criterion variables. Third, hierarchical multiple regression results showed that negative thinking accounted for more of the significant incremental unique variance in depression, stress, anxiety, life satisfaction, anger, and happiness in order of effect size. This is also found that positive thinking do accounted for a sizable significant incremental unique variance in happiness and life satisfaction, while a very small percentage of 1% significant incremental unique variance for stress, depression, anxiety, and anger. Implications and limitations of these findings were discussed. 相似文献
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This paper describes the origins of parenting stress, defined both as tensions in the parent-child relationship and as broader changes in five family domains as men and women make the transition from couple to family life. Despite significant change in their average level of functioning, parents show continuity in their level of adaptation from pregnancy through the first five years of parenthood. Parenting stress emerges from the context of parents' individual and marital adaptation before the child is born. It is possible to identify expectant parents who are at risk for later parenting stress and lower well-being across employment and family domains. Path analyses show that men's and women's prior well-being and their involvement in paid work during pregnancy are associated with higher parenting stress—and lower self-esteem, marital satisfaction, family work satisfaction, and job satisfaction—two years later when their babies are 18months old. Stress in the parent-child relationship at 18 months postpartum compounds preexisting stress in other family domains to reduce well-being in other aspects of family life. Links among parenting stress, parenting quality, and children's adaptation to school lead to suggestions for preventive interventions early in the family life cycle. 相似文献
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We explored predictors of attitudes toward psychological help seeking among 103 student service members and veterans (SSM/V). Results showed that self‐stigma, public stigma, and gender significantly predicted attitudes toward psychological help seeking. A test of mediation revealed that self‐stigma fully mediated the relationship between public stigma and attitudes toward psychological help seeking. Implications for college counseling professionals who serve SSM/V are discussed. 相似文献
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This study explores the predictive relationships between psychological capital (PsyCap), meaning-focused coping, satisfaction and performance among undergraduate students. Six hundred and eighty two (n?=?682) college students from 29 different academic programmes completed an academic well-being survey, which included measures of PsyCap, coping strategies, and academic satisfaction (time 1). Performance data was collected five months later (time 2), at the end of the year. Path analysis results provided support for a sequential mediation model where PsyCap was directly related to performance, and indirectly related to performance through meaning-focus coping and satisfaction. In addition, PsyCap was directly associated with satisfaction, highlighting the importance of this psychological construct in academic settings. Understanding the role that meaning-focused coping and satisfaction play in the relationship between psychological capital and performance may be useful for scholars and lecturers to design optimal evidenced-based interventions to increase both well-being and academic achievement. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess how attachment dimensions (anxiety and avoidance), self-esteem, and three subscales of test anxiety – cognitive obstruction, social derogation and tenseness are related in two age groups: adolescents and college students. Participants (N?=?327) completed relevant questionnaires. Results showed that college students revealed higher test anxiety than did high school students on the cognitive obstruction and tenseness scales, whereas high school students revealed higher social derogation than college students. Anxious attachment was related to all three sub-scales of test anxiety and avoidant attachment was related to cognitive obstruction among college students and to tenseness among high school students. Most of the correlations between anxious attachment and test anxiety were mediated by self-esteem among high school students. The mediation ability of self-esteem was weaker among college students. 相似文献
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为了解高校教师工作投入状况及工作资源对高校教师工作投入的影响作用机制,采用问卷调查法对浙江省9所高校287名教师进行了调查。结果表明：高校教师的工作投入水平较好,工作投入及活力和专注维度得分在教龄差异上显著,并呈现两头高、中间低的“U”型特征,工作投入及其三个维度得分在对收入满意程度上差异显著,并随着对收入满意程度的增高呈上升趋势;工作资源、心理资本对工作投入均具有显著的正向影响;心理资本在工作资源与工作投入之间起部分中介作用。 相似文献
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卢凯芳 《湖州师范学院学报》2007,29(4):107-110
英语态度是一种学科态度,学生通过学习获得这种态度。态度学习即态度的形成和改变,英语态度的习得要经历顺从、认同、内化三个阶段,学习的条件包括:认知和情感基础、学习心向、认知失衡、知觉判断、强化、成功体验、榜样示范等内、外在条件。 相似文献
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Joel A. Lane 《Journal of College Counseling》2016,19(3):231-245
This study examined the relationships among attachment, psychological well‐being (PWB), life satisfaction, and concerns about the transition out of college among a sample of college seniors. A path analysis was conducted predicting that PWB and life satisfaction would mediate the relationships between attachment and 3 types of graduation transition concerns: career, change and loss, and support. Significant mediation effects affecting career concerns and change and loss concerns were discovered. Implications for college counseling are discussed. 相似文献
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陈功 《湖州职业技术学院学报》2012,10(3):21-24
通过对大学生不同运动阶段的基本心理需求与主观幸福感的相关关系以及不同运动阶段中基本心理需求与主观幸福感的差异情形研究。结果发现主观幸福感与运动阶段及基本心理需求皆有显著的正相关;且被试在不同的运动阶段中有显著差异,运动阶段越商,主观幸福感也越高;不同运动阶段的基本心理需求有显著差异,运动阶段越高,自主性、胜任感与归属感也越高;而且发现存在性别差异,男生参与运动的情况较女生更好且男生在自主性上高于女生,而女生在归属感上高于男生。因此,运动阶段、基本心理需求与主观幸福感之间存在很高的关联性,运动阶段越高,幸福感与三大心理需求的满足程度也越高,但要注意运动阶段与心理需求上的性别差异。 相似文献