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1.
isa Korkmaz 《美中教育评论》2011,(2):177-183
The Disabilities Education Act was introduced in June, 1997 in the Turkish Education System. The Act states that schools have a duty to educate children with disabilities in general education classrooms. All children with disabilities should be educated with non-disabled children at their own age and have access to the general education curriculum. The philosophy of inclusive education aims at helping all children learn in regular classrooms. Children learn at their own pace and style within a nurturing learning environment because schools are important places for children to develop friendships and learn social skills. Children with and without disabilities learn together and from each other in inclusive classes. On the other hand, when children attend classes that reflect the similarities and differences of people in the real world, they learn to appreciate diversity. The aim of this study is to examine the perceptions of teachers about implementation of inclusive education in elementary schools. In order to collect data for this study, a questionnaire which consisted of eight open-ended questions was developed and administered to 66 elementary school teachers. The teachers worked at primary schools and taught 1-5 grades. They were asked to write their opinions and experiences about the implementation of inclusive education in the elementary schools. Primary school teachers generally have a positive attitude about inclusive education and its philosophical and psychological foundation. However, they express that they encounter some difficulties in implementing inclusive classrooms. A crowded classroom is a main obstacle to obtain desired objectives in educational activities. The levels of students＇ disability are related to effectiveness of classroom management. The effectiveness of inclusive education depends on not only the teachers＇ quality but also the school administrators＇. Some superintendents assess the effectiveness of teachers in inclusive and regular classrooms in the same way. 相似文献
2.
Ruth Elizabeth Tkachyk 《Interchange》2013,44(1-2):15-24
Educating students with special needs in inclusive settings has become a priority for westernized governments as they strive to create more inclusive societies. While recognizing the societal benefits of inclusion, teachers and parents question whether or not implementation of full inclusion will come at the expense of learners’ individual needs. This is particularly true for students with cognitive disabilities moving into the content-rich, peer-dominated environment of secondary school. It will be maintained within this article that there remains a need for segregated classrooms where students with mild cognitive disabilities can receive the specialized programming and supports that they require in a low-stress environment. Furthermore, educators should continue to prioritize the learning needs of all students with disabilities when contemplating full inclusion. Modeling an inclusive society should not mean inclusion at all costs, but considering what’s best for each student and recognizing that one size does not fit all. 相似文献
3.
Inclusive education has become one of the major concems of education policy in every part of world nowadays. This paper is written to investigate the implementation of inclusion education in Macao. Data collection is done through conducting telephone interviews and giving out questionnaires, and targets of the questionnaires include administrative staff and teachers in schools where inclusive education are implemented and parents of students with special needs. Telephone interviews are made mainly with school principals. Findings show that inclusive education in Macao is still at the developing stage and the main reasons are the inadequacy in teacher training and the lacking of professionals in particular fields. In accordance with the problems found, suggestions for reference and improvement are raised towards the end of the paper. Hope inclusive Education in Macao will have a better development in the future. 相似文献
4.
Marc Watkins 《Prospects》2009,39(3):215-225
At the general presentation of the 48th session of the International Conference on Education, “Inclusive Education: The Way
of the Future”, a “holistic” approach was advocated to improve educational opportunities for children who are excluded from
an equal education and adults who are illiterate. The first part of this paper argues that a more effective approach would
be “piecemeal social engineering”. The second section presents examples of the piecemeal or targeted approach and offers suggestions
for applying it to improve educational opportunities for this group. 相似文献
5.
WANG Xiao jing ZHANG Zhi ming ZHANG Guo xian 《上海大学学报(英文版)》1999,3(3):234-237
１ Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｏｆｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒｓａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｌｙｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｓｉｚｅａｎｄｌｏａｄｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｒｕｓｔｂｅａｒｉｎｇｓ,ｔｈｅｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐａｄｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄｏｎａｓｉｎｇｌｅｐｉｖｏｔｈａｓｍｏｒｅａｎｄｍｏｒｅｄｉｆｆｉｃｕｌｔｙｉｎｍｅｅｔｉｎｇａｌｌｔｈｅｄｅｍａｎｄｓｉｎｒｅａｌｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｆｉｇｕｒａｔｉｏｎ… 相似文献
6.
Mette Molbaek 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2018,22(10):1048-1061
Inclusion has a high priority in education policy all over the world and teachers must be able to handle in practice increasing student diversity and the demands for creating an inclusive learning environment. In spite of the enhanced political focus, there is a lack of research focusing on how those teachers working with inclusion can be supported with more tangible and meaningful ways of understanding and developing inclusive classrooms. This article argues that seeing research in inclusion in close connection with research in effective teaching strategies and classroom management will contribute to an enrichment of the two research fields and give teachers and researchers new opportunities for developing more inclusive schools. Based on research focused on teaching strategies that support students’ opportunities for learning, four dimensions of inclusive teaching strategies are presented: a framing, a relational, a didactic and an organisational dimension. In addition, and in order to further understand teachers work with inclusive education in a more structural perspective, light is shed on the complexity that teachers are required to handle in practice. This complexity, among other things, entails dilemmas emerging from different agendas teachers often must handle themselves. 相似文献
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8.
David Haycock 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2010,31(3):291-305
One key aspect of the growing policy emphasis on educational inclusion in England has been the tendency for physical education (PE) to be used as an important vehicle of social policy targeted at promoting the inclusion of young disabled people and those with special educational needs in mainstream schools. Drawing on aspects of figurational sociology, the central objective of this study is to examine the extent to which PE teachers have been able to achieve the government’s inclusion policy goals articulated in the 2000 National Curriculum for Physical Education (NCPE) for England. The findings indicate that using the NCPE as a means to pursue the government’s educational inclusion policy goals has had unplanned outcomes that have the effect of undermining the extent to which the government is able to use inclusion to make a greater contribution to the promotion of young people’s experiences of PE. It is also argued that these outcomes that no‐one had planned or intended may, for some of the groups involved, be seen as undesirable consequences that emanate from teachers’ attempts to manage the contradictory pressures brought about by pursuing the priorities of government. 相似文献
9.
《Journal of moral education》2012,41(3):243-249
Inclusive education is central to contemporary discourse in special needs education. There are difficulties, however, in allowing the concept to be a key organising principle for educational provision. These difficulties are set out. It is argued that setting aside the preoccupation with inclusion would result in a clearer focus on core educational values and, in particular, on students' learning and development. 相似文献
10.
Hanne Warming 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(2):233-247
This article explores the discursive formation of inclusion in early childhood education and after‐school (recreation) centres in a Danish municipality. While inclusion has been a central educational issue in research and practice for well over quarter of a century, with continuing emphasis worldwide on ‘initiatives by governments’, this interest has centred on the school environment and institutions of higher education. Thus, despite increasing recognition of the significance of preschool and after‐school‐care, inclusion in these environments remains peripheral to the main debate. 相似文献
11.
This article traces the development of Inclusive Inquiry, a new approach to the promotion of inclusion in schools. It explains how this builds on a programme of research carried out by the authors over a period of 20 years. Central to the approach is dialogue amongst teachers and their students about how to make lessons more inclusive. This involves children becoming researchers who learn how to use research techniques to gather the views of their classmates, as well as observing lessons. The approach was refined as a result of a 3-year action research study carried out with a network of eight secondary schools, in three European countries. It was then trialled in 30 primary schools, in five European countries. In each country a team of university researchers supported, recorded and analysed the action research as it occurred, using observations, interviews and surveys. The article provides an analysis of the impact on the thinking and practices of teachers, and on the attitudes and engagement of students in learning. It is argued that Inclusive Inquiry is an approach that facilitates dialogues that can lead to transformations of practices and thinking, and the development of inclusive schools. Some of the challenges involved in using the approach in schools are identified. 相似文献
12.
Kerstin Göransson Claes Nilholm Kristina Karlsson 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(5):541-555
When it comes to pupils in need of special support and pupils with disabilities, Sweden’s compulsory school system is sometimes considered a one‐track system. This article analyses and critically discusses current policy and practices at various levels of Sweden’s compulsory school system for these pupils. The analysis traces three themes at the national and municipal levels: (1) values and goals; (2) organisation and placement of pupils; and (3) importance of categories in obtaining support. A rather complex picture emerges from this analysis. Several conclusions are made: (1) state policies leave a lot of room for interpretation at the municipal and school levels, and this results in an extensive variation; (2) Swedish state policy is not as inclusive as is often stated; (3) celebration of difference seems to be hard to achieve; (4) learning goals can be a double‐edged sword with regard to inclusion; and (5) most pupils appear to enjoy participation in school, and in an international perspective, Swedish classrooms seem to be largely democratic. 相似文献
13.
Inclusive education specialists in China hold that,inclusive education,generally speaking,is to break the fence of the traditionally segregated special education,to integrate students with disabilities in regular schools and to enable them study and live together with students without disabilities (Lei,2001).However,it is not always the case.Even if some students with disabili ties have entered regular schools,their genuine participation in education is less likely to be ensured.In some cases,schools place a high value on the quantity rather than quality of inclusive education.Though some students with disabilities attend class,they just sit alone during the whole class period without any participation in the classroom activities or interaction with other classmates.Unfortunately,others are just remained at home in spite of their names on the list.Tang (as cited in Pang & Richey,2006) stated that,"researchers have pointed out that without close,professional supervision,students with disabilities could easily be neglected in general classrooms" (p.85).As is readily seen,students with disabilities under such cir cumstance will not get any benefit from inclusion though its starting point is to provide equal opportunities for them to partici pate in education.When it comes to the students with visual impairments,regular schools fail to meet their special needs since there are not enough special educators and facilities available.So if those students with visual impairments enter such a regular school,they will not get much benefit from inclusion;instead,they will lose opportunities to take genuine participation in education.Therefore,teachers still encounter several challenges relating to students with visual impairments’genuine participation in inclusive educa tion. 相似文献
14.
Mahmoud Mohamed Emam Hussain Alkharusi 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2018,65(5):475-492
The study examined school leaders’ and teachers’ perceptions of Learning Disabilities (LDs) in Key Stage1 Schools in a sample drawn from schools in Muscat, the capital city of Oman. A sample of 175 school leaders and 175 teachers completed The Survey on Learning Disabilities (SLD), an instrument developed to explore beliefs and perceptions of the causes of LDs. A principal component analysis indicated that six factors underlie perceptions of LDs: The governmental formal educational system, repertoire of teachers’ skills and school support, familial and cultural background, students, academic curriculum, and social change. Multivariate analyses showed that school leaders perceive more strongly than teachers that the governmental formal educational system and academic curriculum as main causal factors for LDs. Implications for support of students with LDs in inclusive settings in Oman are discussed. 相似文献
15.
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences of studying among people with a neuropsychiatric disability who received support from a Supported Education (SEd) programme, and people who did not receive this support. The research employed a narrative approach, where 14 participants with a neuropsychiatric diagnosis were asked to write a short reflective narrative about their experience of studying, with/without support from a SEd intervention. The results show that the persons without support from the model relied on their family as their primary support, and that support from formal support providers was not available prior to receiving a formal diagnosis. Those who received services from SEd were generally satisfied with the support they received, and did not emphasise the family as support givers in the same way. The study points to the importance of developing neurodiverse spaces, which can serve as transitional environments and that can help supported education models adapt to the needs of this group. 相似文献
16.
Roger Slee 《British Journal of Educational Studies》1998,46(4):440-454
This paper argues that much of the growing body of research (on special educational needs) that claims to address inclusion for disabled students is not new, but rather a re-articulation of old ideas which fail to do sufficient justice to the demands of the 'new times' The paper concludes with an outline of a research agenda that is more comprehensive in scope and more finely tuned into the politics of 'identity' 相似文献
17.
Lex McDonald Rasela Tufue-Dolgoy 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2013,60(3):270-284
The introduction of inclusive education (IE) has been promoted to meet the needs of all students. Initially this was a western-driven ideology but has been adopted by numerous developing countries such as Samoa. In this country, the education of students with special learning needs has followed the usual pattern of development from voluntary provision to government-funded segregated placements, followed by mainstreaming, and finally inclusion in regular schools. This qualitative phenomenologically oriented study gathered data from educators and parents about their perceptions of IE and how it was being implemented. The results indicated that this has not always been an easy transition and many participants in the study, although subscribing to the notion of IE, believe that there are a number of implementation difficulties, particularly around issues of support. In relation to this, IE is regarded as a borrowed policy that has overlooked cultural issues and ownership. A model for future developments is outlined and recommendations for future research are indicated. 相似文献
18.
Ann M. Grieve 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(7):763-774
This paper is based on action research carried out in a primary school in Scotland where few bilingual learners shared their home language with classmates or staff. It investigated the educational experiences of bilingual children in the early stages of primary school, in which there were often practical difficulties supporting isolated learners in using their home language in school. It tracked a cohort of isolated bilingual learners over a period of two years and considered how theories of support for bilingual learners can be applied to isolated learners. It identified two themes: support for new arrivals who are at the early stage of acquisition of English and how monolingual schools can show that they value home languages and promote bilingual skills. The research reveals techniques for tackling the very real social issue of bilingual learners in monolingual classrooms, a topic of currency in today’s climate. It engages with concepts of pupil difference, practices of social justice and inclusion, as well as consideration of a quality curriculum for all students. The study reflects on practical arrangements for new arrivals, working with parents unfamiliar with the education system and creating opportunities for pupils to use and share their home language within school. 相似文献
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20.
Successful aging is the ability to maintain low probability of disease and disability, high cognitive and physical functioning, and active engagement with life (Rowe &; Kahn, 1999). These criteria allow for a minority of people to be classified as being “successful” and overlook the importance of psychological variables in balancing the weight of disease. A total of 1322 seniors (55 + years) were classified on their overall functioning according to core domains (health, psychological, cognitive, biobehavioural, social, personality). Findings support the idea that a broader perspective of aging outcomes, rather than success criteria, may better reflect reality. 相似文献