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1.
Claire Bonnard 《Gender and education》2016,28(4):581-598
Gender differences in wage expectations may affect investment in human capital and increase inequalities in the labour market. Our research based on a survey of first-year students at a French university aims to focus on expectations at the beginning of the career. Our results show that anticipated earnings differ significantly between men and women. One year after graduation, we find a gender gap in pay of 16%. A wage decomposition method indicates that most of this effect is due to anticipation of discrimination. Ten years after graduation, anticipated discrimination is still almost as dominant in explaining the gender gap in pay. Finally, using a survey of recent college graduates, we show that growth in the anticipated gender gap differs greatly from growth in the observed gender gap. Our findings highlight the importance of policies promoting higher educational aspirations for young women. Career guidance counselling for students may play a decisive role in contributing to give women more ambitious aspirations, which may in turn serve to reduce inequalities in the labour market. 相似文献
2.
This paper analyses the impact of academic achievement on future salaries by looking into the grade point average (GPA)-earnings relationship for graduates of a leading Russian university. The study is based on pooled cross-sectional graduate survey data for 2014–2015. The issue of how student academic achievement impacts future labour market rewards is analysed through academic, demographic and labour market factors. We found that there is a significant positive impact of GPA on salaries of BA graduates (9–12% wage premium for an additional GPA point) and an insignificant or negative impact for MA programmes graduates. The study depicts that this negative effect can be partially explained by employment sector-specific variables. Among the main factors which positively affect earnings of graduates is work experience. Graduates who combined study and work achieve a 30% wage premium. However, there is no evidence that combining study and work affects student academic achievement, even for those who combined studies with full-time job. Despite the higher GPA of female students, male graduates’ earnings are 18% higher. Gender wage differences can be explained by gender distribution by the sector of employment: the over-representation of women in the low-paid education and science sectors and their under-representation in entrepreneurship and corporate sector. 相似文献
3.
Using detailed data from a unique survey of high school graduates in Germany, we document a gender gap in expected full-time earnings of more than 15%. We decompose this early gender gap and find that especially differences in coefficients help explain different expectations. In particular, the effects of having time for family as career motive and being first-generation college student are associated with large penalties in female wage expectations exclusively. This is especially true for higher expected career paths. Resulting expected returns to education are associated with college enrollment of women and could thus entrench subsequent gaps in realized earnings. 相似文献
4.
工作搜寻的过程是高校毕业生与用人单位的人职匹配过程.在社会化媒体环境与工作搜寻理论视角下,增强高校毕业生对职业定向的自我认知,在综合自我探索和工作世界探索信息基础上,有效地建立针对高校毕业生的工作搜寻与匹配模型,实现毕业生与聘用岗位的人职匹配,提高就业成功率. 相似文献
5.
本文以南京市部分高校的毕业生为例,运用生存模型对其工作搜寻时间和影响因素进行了实证研究,发现大学生的平均工作搜寻时间为4个月左右。基于Cox半参数估计和威布尔参数估计的生存分析结果显示:实习经历、求职过程中的人情支出可以显著降低大学生的工作搜寻时间;而来自于城市家庭、收入期望值较高以及文史哲、法律、教育等专业的毕业生,其求职时间相对较长;性别、学习成绩、毕业学校的声望以及是否担任学生干部等因素对于工作搜寻时间没有显著影响。 相似文献
6.
This paper investigates whether employers use university prestige as a signal of workers’ unobservable productivity. Our test is based on employer learning-statistical discrimination models, which suggest that if employers use university reputation to predict a worker’s unobservable quality, then college prestige should become less important for earnings as a worker gains labor market experience. In this framework, we use a regression discontinuity design to estimate a 13% wage premium for college graduates in their first year of the labor market who were barely accepted by one of the two most prestigious universities in Chile compared with those barely rejected by these two schools. However, we find that this premium decreases to 4% for workers with 6 or more years of labor market experience. This result suggests that college prestige becomes less important for employers as workers reveal their quality throughout their careers. 相似文献
7.
Abstract: The employment quality of college graduates is a recent topic of heated discussion in China. Given the differences in the talent development goals of academic and vocational institutions and in individual job search approaches, this research compares the differences between the job search approaches and actual employment outcomes of graduates of undergraduate and vocational institutions, and analyzes the correspondence of vocational graduates’ job search approaches with their job search outcomes to identify the effect of higher vocational education on employment. Using the proposed methods, this study finds a significant gap in job search approaches between the two types of graduates and that higher vocational education significantly affects employment approaches and outcomes. The job search approaches of vocational graduates also influence their employment outcomes. The study concludes that the employment quality of vocational graduates is not necessarily worse than that of four-year undergraduates. 相似文献
8.
Heather N. Maietta 《About Campus》2012,17(3):28-32
The current job market is a tough one for new and recent college graduates. Heather N. Maietta describes Nichols College's new, web‐based program designed to support student learning in community, as it provides peer‐focused support for the job search. 相似文献
9.
This article uses individual data on 10,000 higher education students and 5,000 graduates in the Philippines in 1977 to assess theex ante student perceptions of the labour market against actual labour market outcomes. A comparison of mean expected and actual earnings by various sample characteristics reveals a high degree of realism from the students' viewpoint. Individual self-assessed foregone earnings are used to estimate theex ante returns to higher education and to investment in particular fields of specialization. The expected returns are close to the actual returns. Expected and actual waiting time to first job are of a short duration and a sharply declining function of age. Family background and college performance strongly influence the expected and actual labour market outcomes. The policy implications of the results are briefly discussed. 相似文献
10.
以192条高校毕业生就业新闻报道为研究对象进行初步的元分析发现:政府在解决大学生就业难的问题上,正在承担着主要责任,并在多方面采取了积极的措施,弥补了高校毕业生就业市场中存在的失灵。随着我国高校毕业生就业市场的不断完善,政府的积极干预应逐渐弱化,应充分地通过市场来调节就业市场的供求关系。 相似文献
11.
大学专业与工作匹配研究：基于大学毕业生就业调查的实证分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘扬 《清华大学教育研究》2010,(6)
本研究运用大学毕业生调查数据,从人力资本投资的角度分析了当前大学毕业生专业与工作匹配的状况、影响因素及工资效应等。研究发现近三成大学毕业生的专业与工作不匹配;专业与工作匹配受专业本身的影响,即不同专业毕业生的工作与专业匹配可能性有显著差异;专业与工作匹配还受到性别、学校特征以及实习经历等因素的显著影响;专业与工作不匹配会给毕业生带来工资效应。基于以上结论,本文就大学生就业匹配问题为相关部门提出了建议。Abstract： Using 2008 graduates＇ survey data and quantitative method,this paper studies several questions on the match between college students＇ filed of study and their jobs.We find that：firstly,thirty percent of college students report that their filed of study and job are not related;secondly,field of study and job match varies across college major,which means students in different major have a different possibility of match;thirdly,match are also affected by several factors,such as gender,college characteristic and individual intern experiences;and lastly,mismatch between field of study and job has a wage effect on students salary.Based on these findings,we propose some policy implications and suggestions for the government,universities,graduates,and employers. 相似文献
12.
本文根据北京大学课题组于2007年6月在全国范围内的一项高校毕业生就业调查数据,借鉴国际上已有的相关实证发现,系统考察了高校毕业生保留工资的影响因素.实证结果发现,性别、年龄、生源地、家庭收入、学历层次、学校质量或者声誉以及学业成绩都是高校毕业生保留工资的显著影响因素.在前人研究的基础上,本研究还通过引入私人社会资本和组织社会资本的概念来分析它们对于保留工资的影响.实证结果发现毕业生的私人社会资本对于他们的保留工资有着负的显著影响,而通过校园生活积累的组织社会资本对他们的保留工资却有着正的显著影响. 相似文献
13.
本研究利用2003年- 2009年北京大学实施的全国高校毕业生调查数据,考察高校学生毕业后发展路径选择的变化趋势及其影响因素.研究发现:(1)随着就业竞争加剧和金融危机所带来的冲击效应,高校学生的毕业后发展路径选择呈现多元化格局,其中继续升学和非传统型就业群体比例增加;(2)高校毕业生中有超过四分之一的群体在毕业后陷入失业困境,其中女性,来自农村地区、家庭社经地位和文化资本积累不足等先致性因素导致毕业生陷入失业困境的概率增高;(3)高校学生毕业后发展路径受到个体特征、所属高等院校特征、劳动力市场发展状况以及宏观社会经济发展环境等多层面因素的影响. 相似文献
14.
Labor market rewards based on competencies are analyzed using a sample of young European higher education (HE) graduates.
Estimates of monetary rewards are obtained from conventional earnings regressions, while estimates total rewards are based
on job satisfaction and derived through ordered probit regressions. Results for income show that jobs with higher participative
and methodological competency requirements are better paid. The results also show that higher requirements in terms of competencies
increase graduates’ job satisfaction. 相似文献
15.
Longer-Term Economic Effects of College Selectivity and Control 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study uses a nationally representative sample of baccalaureate recipients—4 years after graduation—to assess the effects of college selectivity and control on earnings and indebtedness related to undergraduate education. After controlling for salient background, education, and labor market characteristics there is strong evidence of a substantial earnings return to college selectivity and control, which is consistent with the bulk of earlier work in this area. The impact of these factors on education-related debt is varied, with graduates from more selective private institutions continuing to bear the largest debt burden. Findings also suggest, however, that the enhanced earnings for graduates from selective private colleges are quickly offsetting the associated debt burden. Potentially problematic issues include a mix of high debt loads and sub-par labor market experiences for graduates from low selectivity private institutions—those that also serve a disproportionate number of nontraditional students. 相似文献
16.
以广东经济欠发达地区高职院校毕业生就业心态为调查研究对象,从毕业生对所学专业满意度及就业前景,毕业生掌握就业知识层面与技能层面情况,毕业生期望的工资待遇、就业地点及就业城市选择的考虑因素三个主要方面进行具体分析,最后提出了八个方面的措施与对策。 相似文献
17.
李晓岚 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2013,12(4):5-7
通过对襄阳市2013届中高职毕业生求职意向的问卷调查,分析新形势下大中专毕业生在就业创业前的准备、价值取向、求职期望等方面的现状与特点.据此提出襄阳市吸引大中专毕业生来襄就业创业的工作建议. 相似文献
18.
E. Mullen J. Alexander N. Coates 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2019,41(5):569-581
ABSTRACTIncreasing emphasis is being placed upon employer expectations in research on graduate employability, in response to the widely claimed gap between employer expectations and graduates’ understanding of these expectations. For graduates, being uncertain of their employer’s expectations may threaten the ease of their transition into the workplace and their job satisfaction, even leading to issues around graduate retention for employers. External influences on the graduate labour market such as differences in industry/sector level expectations and economic/political factors, can pose further complications. This paper presents a cross-industry analysis of employer expectations of graduates, drawing from four selected case study vignettes aimed at uncovering insights into these variances. Findings offer implications for policy makers and higher education providers around the design and delivery of a curriculum that appropriately prepares students for the graduate labour market, whilst also catering for industry-level expectations particularly in light of the UK’s forthcoming departure from the EU. 相似文献
19.
了解当代大学毕业生在找工作过程中的职业价值观现状及其变化特征,对预测他们的发展走向、提高就业指导工作的有效性,具有重要的意义。本研究采用自编的“大学毕业生职业价值观问卷”,对415名处于不同工作寻访阶段的大学毕业生进行了调查研究。结果发现：（1）当代大学毕业生在工作中更注重个人价值的实现,对社会维度的价值要素较为冷漠;同时也更重视手段性职业价值观的实现,显示出急功近利的特征;（2）男性在社会促进和社交活动这两项职业价值观上得分高于女性,但女性在身心安全、社会贡献、薪酬待遇、稳定舒适、社会关系职业价值观上得分高于男性,性别差异显著;文科毕业生在求职过程中,比工科、理科和艺术类毕业生更认同人情世故的价值观,且差异显著;（3）处于求职波动期的大学毕业生对职业价值观的追求有一定的盲目性;（4）目的性职业价值观影响着手段性职业价值观的选择。 相似文献
20.
傅滨 《广东职业技术师范学院学报》2014,(7):112-116
为培养出更多符合社会需要的商务英语人才,分别采用发放问卷、电话访谈、召开座谈会等方式对广东工贸职业技术学院商务英语专业2010—2012届毕业生以及他们的用人单位进行了＂商务英语人才需求与培养质量＂调查.调查结果表明,社会对于商务英语人才的需求量在总体上升,对人才质量要求也在提高.但目前用人单位具体需求与商务英语专业学生的能力表现仍有一定的出入和矛盾.基于调查,提出了推进教学改革、调整课程设置、注重素质教育的应对措施. 相似文献