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1.
An innovative school science curriculum in South Africa requires the inclusion of African societal/cultural knowledge, such
as indigenous knowledge (IK). The main project involves introducing argumentation to accomplish this requirement. We used
a focus group plus critical incident technique to ascertain nine teachers’ understandings of argumentation and IK, their perceptions
of how argumentation helps in teaching IK, examples of how argumentation-teaching had (or had not) worked in their classrooms,
and their suggestions. Our results show that the teachers accepted argumentation as a viable approach to teach science and
introduce IK into their classrooms. 相似文献
2.
F??mi S. ��t��l��j�� Ann Cameron Audrey Msimanga 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(3):693-703
Our response to Hewson and Ogunniyi’s paper focuses, on the one hand, on some of the underlying tensions associated with alinging
indigenous knowledge systems with westernized science in South African science classrooms, as suggested by the new, post-apartheid,
curriculum. On the other hand, the use of argumentation as a vehicle to accomplish the alignment when the jury is still out
on the appropriateness of argumentation as a pedagogical and research tool heightens the tension. We argue that the need for
education stakeholders from indigenous heritages to value, know and document their own indigenous knowledge becomes paramount.
The textualizing of indigenous knowledge, as has been done in western science, will create repositories for teachers to access
and may help with the argumentation strategies such as advocated by the authors. 相似文献
3.
This forum explores and expands on Ben-Zvi Assaraf, Eshach, Orion, and Alamour’s article titled “Cultural Differences and
Students’ Spontaneous Models of the Water Cycle: A Case Study of Jewish and Bedouin Children in Israel” by examining how indigenous
knowledge is appropriated in science classrooms; how students from indigenous students’ experiences are more complex than
many non-indigenous students; and how science and globalization complicates the preservation of indigenous knowledge. In this
forum we suggest that research on indigenous knowledge be examined through the lens of the locally situated contexts and the
extent to which globalization hinders this kind of knowledge in the name of value neutral scientific knowledge. We finally
suggest that research in indigenous communities has to be more intentional and respectful, and teachers need to rethink how
useful and meaningful science learning can be for indigenous students. 相似文献
4.
Philemon Chigeza 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(2):401-412
This paper responds to Schademan’s “What does playing cards have to do with science? A resource—rich view of African American
young men”, and takes a resource-rich view to explore the notion of agency and elements of cultural resources that minority
and marginalised students bring to the classroom. The paper examines the deficit model, the need to adopt capacity building
perspective, and a classroom study, which sought to contextualise capacity building with a group of Australian indigenous
students in a science class. As science educators, we need to reject the deficit model by developing capacity building pedagogies
that affirm minority and marginalised students’ lived languages, experiences and knowledge in their learning. 相似文献
5.
Peter B. Easton 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(3):705-717
In this response to Hewson and Ogunniyi??s paper on indigenous knowledge (IK) and science teaching in South Africa, I seek to broaden the debate by setting the enterprise of integrating IK into science education in its cultural and socio-political context. I begin by exploring the multiple meanings of indigenous knowledge in Africa, next consider the sources available for accurately apprehending those different varieties of IK and then raise three issues of procedure that the Hewson and Ogunniyi approach seems largely to overlook: the varying meanings and styles of argumentation in African culture; the relevance of more participatory and discovery-based modes of inquiry to their topic; and the critical importance of grasping the socio-political terrain on which IK must operate. I conclude that, while their initiative opens valuable new paths of inquiry and practice, the proposed methodology would benefit from more solid grounding in discovery learning, African styles of debate and a clear mapping of stakes and stakeholders. 相似文献
6.
Yusef Waghid 《Higher Education》2006,51(3):315-328
In this article I argue that the use of practical reasoning in university classrooms is necessary to establish conditions
under which university teachers and students can move beyond the dominant “transmission mode” of education (teaching and learning).
This mode of education had been, and in many cases remains to be prevalent in several (South African) university classrooms.
I argue what it could mean for university teachers and students to reason together with one another in classroom practices.
Central to reasoning together is the idea of deliberation which provides opportunities for teachers and students to experience
“intelligent action” (Biesta 2004a) that could enhance educational problem solving in (and beyond) university classrooms. 相似文献
7.
David Geelan Penny J. Gilmer Sonya N. Martin 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2006,1(4):721-744
This forum discussion focuses on seven themes drawn from Sonya’s fascinating paper: the terminology of “cogenerative dialogues,”
the roles of participants and their power relations within such dialogues, the use of metaphor and analogy in the paper, science
and science education for all students, the ways in which students’ expectations about learning change in innovative classrooms,
teacher research and the “theory-practice gap,” and the tension between conducting cogenerative dialogues with individual
students or with whole classes. These themes by no means exhaust the ideas in Sonya’s paper, but we feel that they have allowed
us to explore the classroom research she reports, and to extend our discussion beyond the paper to explore some of these themes
more broadly. 相似文献
8.
Younkyeong Nam 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2012,7(2):485-493
This review explores Ben-Zvi Assaraf, Eshach, Orion, and Alamour’s paper titled “Cultural Differences and Students’ Spontaneous
Models of the Water Cycle: A Case Study of Jewish and Bedouin Children in Israel” by examining how the authors use the concept
of spontaneous mental models to explain cultural knowledge source of Bedouin children’s mental model of water compared to
Jewish children’s mental model of water in nature. My response to Ben-Zvi Assaraf et al.’s work expands upon their explanations
of the Bedouin children’s cultural knowledge source. Bedouin children’s mental model is based on their culture, religion,
place of living and everyday life practices related to water. I suggest a different knowledge source for spontaneous mental
model of water in nature based on unique history and traditions of South Korea where people think of water in nature in different
ways. This forum also addresses how western science dominates South Korean science curriculum and ways of assessing students’
conceptual understanding of scientific concepts. Additionally I argue that western science curriculum models could diminish
Korean students’ understanding of natural world which are based on Korean cultural ways of thinking about the natural world.
Finally, I also suggest two different ways of considering this unique knowledge source for a more culturally relevant teaching
Earth system education. 相似文献
9.
Silvia Cristina Bettez Jean Rockford Aguilar-Valdez Heidi B. Carlone Jewell E. Cooper 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2011,6(4):941-950
This article is a response to Randy Yerrick and Joseph Johnson’s article “Negotiating White Science in Rural Black America:
A Case for Navigating the Landscape of Teacher Knowledge Domains”. They write about research conducted by Yerrick in which
videos of his teaching practice as a White educator in a predominately Black rural classroom were examined. Their analysis
is framed through Shulman’s (1986) work on “domains of teacher knowledge” and Ladson-Billings’ (1999) critical race theory (CRT). Although we appreciate a framework that attends to issues of power, such as CRT, we see a heavier
emphasis on Shulman’s work in their analysis. We argue that a culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) framework has the potential
to provide a more nuanced analysis of what occurred in Yerrick’s classroom from a critical lens. Thus we examine Yerrick and
Johnson’s work through the five main CRP components (as defined by Brown-Jeffy and Cooper 2011) and ultimately argue that science educators who want to promote equity in their classrooms should engage in continuous critical
reflexivity, aid students in claiming voice, and encourage students to become not only producers of scientific knowledge but
also users and critics of such knowledge. 相似文献
10.
Mahmood Khalil Reuven Lazarowitz Rachel Hertz-Lazarowitz 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2009,18(1):85-100
In this paper a conceptual model of instruction “the six mirrors of the classroom” used as a frame for teaching a learning
topic, the microorganisms are depicted. The paper consists of four sections: (a) the six mirrors of the classroom model (SMC);
(b) the SMC as implemented in the expository and cooperative modes of instruction in classrooms and results; (c) a “Journey
of Inquiry into the Wonderful World of Microorganisms” (JIWWM), developed according to the Science–Technology–Environment–Peace–Society
(STEPS) approach; and (d) teaching and learning the JIWWM, in ninth-grade classes, within the SMC model. The results show
that science topic can be taught in the frame of the mirrors of the classroom. When the instructional goals of the teachers
used the mirror “1, classroom organization” and mirror “6, pupils’ social behavior” and the third ring around the all six
mirrors cooperative skills were practiced, academic outcomes were achieved, and attitudes toward environmental preservation
and peace improved. The SMC model can serve as a valuable tool for teachers, since it can design their teaching and learning
settings in a more controlled environment, in terms of objectives, teachers’ and students’ social behaviors, and academic
outcomes. 相似文献
11.
Lesley Le Grange 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2007,3(3):577-591
This article responds to a call for rethinking the science that we teach to school learners in South Africa. Much of the debate
on the nature of science and science learning is reflected in a body of literature which analyses the tensions between disparate
perspectives on science education. Post-colonialists, feminists, multiculturalists, sociologists of scientific knowledge and
those who refer to themselves as indigenous researchers argue that science is not universal but locally and culturally produced.
Universalists on the other hand, argue that modern Western science is superior to indigenous perspectives on the natural world
because of the former’s advanced predictive and explanatory powers. The fact that indigenous knowledge has been included in
South Africa’s recently developed National Curriculum Statements invites a fresh look at the kind of science that is taught
to South African school learners. In this article the author argues for a (dis)position that moves the debate beyond the binary
of Western science/indigenous knowledge. Ways in which Western science and indigenous knowledge might be integrated are explored. 相似文献
12.
13.
Tsunghui Tu 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2006,33(4):245-251
This study investigated preschool science environments in 20 preschool classrooms (N=20) in 13 midwestern child care centers. By operationalizing Neuman’s concept of “sciencing,” this study used The Preschool Classroom Science Materials/Equipment Checklist, the Preschool Classroom Science Activities Checklist, and the Preschool Teacher Classroom/Sciencing Form to analyze the availability of science materials, equipment, and activities for preschoolers in the classroom. Each teacher was videotaped for two consecutive days during free play time. The study showed that half of the preschool classrooms had a science area. The activities that the preschool teachers engaged were mostly unrelated to science activities (86.8%), 4.5% of the activities were related to formal sciencing, and 8.8% of the activities were related to informal sciencing. 相似文献
14.
McGinn Michelle K. Roth Wolff-Michael Boutonné Sylvie Woszczyna Carolyn 《Research in Science Education》1995,25(2):163-189
This study was designed to address two purposes. First, we wanted to test working hypotheses derived from previous studies
about the transformation of individual and collective knowledge in elementary classrooms. Second, we attempted to understand
the degree to which “ownership” was an appropriate concept to understand the process of learning in science classrooms. Over
a four-month period, we collected extensive data in a Grade 6/7 classroom studying simple machines. As in our previous studies
we found that (a) conceptual and material resources were readily shared among students, and (b) tool-related practices were
appropriated as newcomers participated with more competent others (peers and teachers) in the pursuit of student-framed goals.
We also found that for discursive change (“learning”) at the classroom level to occur, it appeared more important whether
a new language game was closely related to students' previous language games than who actually proposed the new language game
(teacher or student). Implications are drawn for the design of science curricula and classroom activities.
Both pedagogy and design are still tightly bound by rationalist, symbol-manipulating, problem-solving assumptions that hold
knowledge to be a property of individuals. Pedagogy still concentrates on the individual and individual performance, even
though most work is ultimately collaborative and highly social. (Brown & Duguid, 1992, p. 171) 相似文献
15.
Kmt G. Shockley 《The Urban Review》2011,43(3):379-395
African centered educationists view the problems that Black children are facing in schools as a part of the disenfranchisement
and disorganization of the Black community at large. In that vein, they do not believe that the problems which Black children
are experiencing in America’s public (and many private) schools are solvable by taking them out of a holistic community context.
This article presents the perspectives and work of African centered educationists who are dedicated to community development
through a cultural experience called African Centered Training Institute (ACTI), which is an African indigenous socialization
process. ACTI is a transformative experience which is offered to community members annually and many (sometimes most) of the
participants in ACTI are classroom teachers. As participants matriculate through ACTI via phase attainment, “self” as well
as cultural knowledge increases. This article provides an ethnographic account of the experience of the author as researcher-participant
in ACTI. The ACTI experience offers insights into how critical deep knowledge of pre-Colonial African cultural cosmology and
cosmogony are for anyone who works with Black children. 相似文献
16.
A science teacher and her mentor reflect on their participation in the Learning Research Cycle, a professional learning model
that bridges research and practice in both university and public school contexts. Teachers do scientific research in scientists’
laboratories, then bridge their scientific experiences with the design of new classroom learning environments and teacher-driven
educational research projects. Science students do scientific research via their teachers’ lessons that bridge laboratory
research with classroom learning. Scientists and educational researchers bridge their research interests to create new questions
centered on teaching and learning in authentic science learning environments. The authors engaged in this qualitative inquiry
present their perspectives on “what goes on,” “what we have learned,” and “what it means to the larger community.” 相似文献
17.
Vongai Mpofu Femi S. Otulaja Emmanuel Mushayikwa 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2014,9(1):221-242
A theoretical framework is an important component of a research study. It grounds the study and guides the methodological design. It also forms a reference point for the interpretation of the research findings. This paper conceptually examines the process of constructing a multi-focal theoretical lens for guiding studies that aim to accommodate local culture in science classrooms. A multi-focal approach is adopted because the integration of indigenous knowledge and modern classroom science is complex. The central argument in this paper is that a multi-focal lens accommodates the multifaceted nature of integrating indigenous knowledge and western oriented classroom science. The objective of the paper, therefore, is to construct a theoretical framework that can be used to guide and inform the integration of indigenous knowledge and western science at classroom science level. The traditional plant healing form of indigenous knowledge is used as a case study. The paper is important for raising the complexities, tensions and dilemmas inherent in the design and implementation of indigenous knowledge-science integrated curricula. An understanding of the issues raised will pave the way towards achieving culturally relevant classroom science. 相似文献
18.
Pauline W. U. Chinn 《Cultural Studies of Science Education》2012,7(2):441-446
Maria Andrée focuses on an immigrant student whose error in a laboratory activity leads to a novel, colorful outcome that
she excitedly shares with peers. After engaging in class activities for a few weeks she returns to her earlier dislike of
science, saying: "I hate science, particularly Chemistry." The classroom activity system focused on reproduction of school
knowledge did not expand to accommodate Helena's “new activity system with an object of learning science.” This essay suggests
teachers be prepared to teach diverse students in ways supporting multiple ways to engage in science. This becomes possible
when teachers view their classrooms as dynamic, participatory activity systems that support content mastery as contributing
to but not being identical to science identity and science literacy. 相似文献
19.
Learning no longer takes place as effectively as it did before in most current Korean classrooms. Many teachers have voiced
concerns about a notably reduced level of students’ interest in and enthusiasm for learning school materials, lack of students’
attention to their lectures, and lack of students’ involvement in classroom activities. This negative change, which has been
observed since around 1997, is often referred to as “school collapse” in Korea, meaning classroom breakdown. The paper investigates
the factors that have lead to the phenomenon of the school collapse, introduces the 7th National Curriculum as one of the new reform approaches of the Korean government, and makes some suggestions to ensure more
autonomy and diversity in classrooms to promote effective teaching and learning. 相似文献
20.
Culturally responsive science teaching is using knowledge about the culture and life experiences of students to structure
learning that is conducive to their needs. Understanding what teachers need to prepare them to be culturally responsive is
a matter of continuous debate. As the focus of multicultural education ventures farther away from its roots, advocating the
civil rights of historically oppressed groups, concerns about the gravity of racial inequity on schooling continues. How will
this shift in focus influence teachers’ capacity to accommodate students’ needs resulting from racial inequities in this society,
particularly African American students? What knowledge is essential to their effectiveness? This qualitative study examined
the instructional practices of two effective middle school science teachers deemed culturally responsive by their administrator
on the basis of classroom observations, students’ responses and standardized assessment results. Both teachers’ classrooms
consisted primarily of African American students. Grounded theory was used to analyze the teachers’ beliefs and practices
in order to identify existing commonalties. Critical race theory was used to identify whether there was any influence of the
students’ racial identities on the teachers’ beliefs and practices. The analysis reveals that the teachers’ beliefs and practices
were informed by their critical awareness of social constraints imposed upon their African American students’ identities.
These findings communicate the significance of sociocultural awareness to informing the teachers’ instruction, as well as
their strategies for managing the varying dynamics occurring in their classrooms. It can be deduced from the findings that
an understanding of racial inequities is crucial to the development of sociocultural awareness, and is the foundation for
the culturally responsive dispositions and practices of these middle school science teachers. 相似文献