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1.
为探究大功率调速型液力偶合器流场内部流动规律,建立了偶合器内/外特性同步测试试验台,利用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对偶合器内流场进行测量,分析流场在不同工况条件下、不同流道区域的速度及涡量场分布,建立内外特性的关联关系。结果表明:额定工况时,偶合器内流场流动平稳,随着转速比的降低,流动逐渐趋于紊乱;过渡工况时,流场出现环流转换的趋势,对应于外特性力矩出现大幅度跌落;制动工况时,流场速度方向变化最为剧烈,涡轮入口处液流不断冲击涡轮叶片压力面,使吸力面附近逐渐出现大面积的低速区,最终在速度梯度较大的涡轮入口流道中部靠近吸力面处形成多处漩涡。  相似文献   

2.
目的:提出一种自由汇流旋涡形成过程建模求解方法,得到其临界贯穿条件,并揭示其Ekman边界层抽吸演化机理。创新点:1.基于二维Rankine位势涡理论,建立自由汇流旋涡动力学模型,得到其压力、速度分布;2.提出一种基于Helmholtz方程的汇流旋涡贯穿临界条件求解方法;3.成功搭建一种基于双目内窥技术的汇流旋涡观测实验平台,可实现对旋涡贯穿及Ekman抽吸过程的精确观测。方法:1.将汇流旋涡定义为涡核与核外流两部分,并基于Bernoulli方程与Lamb-ΓΡΟΜΕΚΟ方程得到汇流旋涡界面形状及压力、速度分布;2.基于上述动力学模型,结合Helmholtz涡量动力学方程,利用分离变量积分方法,得到旋涡形成轴向速度与深度的解析关系表达式;3.基于粒子图像测速(PIV)方法,结合双目内窥技术,实现对汇流旋涡临界贯穿与边界层抽吸的流动细节特征的实时追踪。结论:1.汇流旋涡临界贯穿条件是一个解集,这是由不同的流场初始扰动条件造成的;2.旋涡抽吸孔最低点的高度由容器的几何参数决定,与初始扰动速度无关;3.若初始扰动增强,旋涡深度与Ekman层厚度增加,但在抽吸过程中的边界层涡量强度有减弱趋势;4.PIV实验验证了上述理论结果的正确性,并观测到旋涡半径边界与涡量集聚现象。  相似文献   

3.
目的:船用螺旋桨性能评估中常用的雷诺平均方法(RANS)存在许多难题,特别是在处理边界层发展、尺度效应、翼尖和轮毂涡等复杂流动现象时。本文使用动态大涡模拟(DLES)、延迟分离涡模拟(DDES)和应力混合涡模拟(SBES)三种尺度解析模拟(SRS)方法,以提高流动特性预测的准确性。创新点:1.通过SRS方法详细地描述螺旋桨流场的不规则和多尺度湍流结构;2.通过粒子图像测速(PIV)试验,分析缩比螺旋桨的真实流场。方法:1.考虑叶片的周期分布和计算消耗,提取1/5的螺旋桨计算区域,并采用局部网格细化方法,获得分辨率足够高的网格模型(图1);通过仿真结果与已有试验数据的对比,验证SRS方法在螺旋桨性能预测方面的可行性与有效性(图3)。2.通过搭建PIV试验装置(图4),得到缩比螺旋桨在特定横截面上的速度和涡量分布情况下的尾流演变(图9和10),从而分析SRS方法对流场结构的捕捉能力。结论:1.通过定量和定性分析发现,SRS方法在预测特征参数和捕捉流场信息方面表现良好,特别是值得重点关注的SBES模型;2.作为一种可视化流场分析工具,PIV测量方法可以为螺旋桨等旋转机械的设计和性能改进提供一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

4.
目的:通过在喷孔上游安装涡流发生器(VG)来研究超声速横向射流(JISC)的流动特性。采用纳米粒子平面激光散射(NPLS)和空间粒子图像测速(SPIV)技术对流场进行观测,并设计三种工况进行对比实验,以研究横向射流的流动特性。创新点:1.采用NPLS和SPIV为实验观测手段,定量化地研究涡流发生器对超声速来流的穿透深度和横向扩散的影响;2.根据实验观测结果展示涡流发生器与横向射流相互作用的流场特性,揭示涡流发生器的混合增强机理。方法:1.采用NPLS流场进行观测,获得瞬态流场灰度图(图6、7和10~12),并分析不同观测平面的瞬态流场结构;2.基于瞬态流场灰度图,通过边缘检测和统计分析方法,提取射流穿透深度和横向扩散边界(图14),并对涡流发生器的混合增强效果进行分析;3.采用SPIV技术对流场进行观测,获得多个观测截面的平均速度场,并根据速度场计算涡量场(图8、11和15),揭示射流流向涡的涡量分布。结论:1.在设计的三个实验工况中,CASE0是横向射流基本工况;与CASE0相比,CASE1中的VG在喷孔附近的羽流两侧产生了两个诱导涡,在形态上形成了一个耳朵形涡结构;CASE2中VG尾流的间歇性大尺度涡对射流迎风侧的诱导涡起主导作用,产生了一个大尺度流向涡。2.与CASE0相比,CASE1中射流的穿透深度和横向扩散边界分别增加了8.5%和17.0%,而CASE2中的穿透深度和横向扩散边界分别增加了26.2%和0.5%;因此,在CASE2中,穿透深度的增加更显著,而横向扩散没有明显改善,这与相互作用模式的涡结构特性有关。3.涡量分布表明,CASE1中存在一个复杂流向涡系统,且VG的尾流在射流反转旋涡对(CVP)的内侧形成了一对诱导涡,而在CASE0中,诱导涡应该在CVP的下方。4.根据多个yoz截面的涡量场分布可以发现,VG促进了射流肾形涡的形成和发展。  相似文献   

5.
为了解不同空调风机的内流机制,采用数值分析和PIV实验研究相结合的方法对空调用贯流风机和轴流风机内部复杂的旋涡流动现象进行了研究。结果表明:空调壁挂机用贯流风机内部偏心涡沿轴向具有明显的三维分布特性,偏心涡径向位置沿轴向几乎没有变化,其周向位置沿轴向不断改变。贯流风机偏心涡卷吸区域随负载提高而增强。高负载时,偏心涡更加靠近叶轮中心和蜗壳方向。空调室外机用开式斜流风轮的叶尖涡产生于距叶片前缘1/4区域,靠近吸力面。叶尖涡随风轮转速的提高而增强,并沿着与风轮旋向相反的方向朝下游发展。  相似文献   

6.
利用商用PIV设备及自我开发的图像处理软件,针对水煤膏雾化场中粒子浓度高、尺寸分布宽的特点,采用收缩镜以增强片光源的照度,使得PIV能够拍摄到高浓度雾化场的切片图像;采用600 mm焦距的长焦镜头,使得所拍粒子尺寸的下限可达15 μm.实验结果表明PIV技术是一种高效的水煤膏雾化场雾化角、小粒径及尺寸分布的测量手段,克服了常规粒子尺寸分析仪器不能用于在线测试大型试验装置中雾化场特性参数的缺点.  相似文献   

7.
为方便学生对流体力学流场测量的理解,建立了以先进PIV为基础测量手段的学生实验教学方案。该实验教学方案在专业兴趣激发、实验技术开发、教学手段创新,以及将科研融入实验教学等方面均取得了良好成效,学生对PIV技术及船舶外流场的认识进一步深化,实验创新能力得到提升。  相似文献   

8.
本文介绍了研制三维粒子图像测速(3D—PIV)实验装置的基本原理。给出了基本实验测试方法及示踪粒子三维速度向量的算法。介绍了3D—PIV应用于对流场的一个测试实例。  相似文献   

9.
本文通过对2003级大学生场独立/场依存认知风格的测试和调查,研究了两种风格外语学习者的特点,进行了培养元认知策略意识及发展双重认知风格等教学策略的教学实验.对实验数据的分析表明:针对认知风格的不同特点因材施教的教学策略是积极有效的,在实践中是行得通的.  相似文献   

10.
为探讨认知风格、情绪状态对社会助长的影响,以10以内加减法算术题和图形镶嵌测验为实验材料,采用2(认知风格:场独立与场依存)×2(情绪状态:轻松与紧张)混合实验设计对大学生被试进行测试,结果发现:(1)情绪状态对社会助长的影响显著,被试在轻松实验条件下做出算术题目的数量显著小于在紧张实验条件下做出算术题目的数量.(2)不同的认知风格对社会助长的影响不同,场独立性的被试不存在社会助长效应,但场依存性的被试社会助长效应显著.(3)认知风格不影响工作效率,无论在轻松实验条件下,还是在紧张的实验条件下,场独立和场依存型的被试在做出题目的数量上不存在任何显著差异.  相似文献   

11.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experimental results of wake flow structure of a NACA0012 airfoil with small attack angle mounted above water surface are introduced.The experiment was carried out in a small-scale wind-wave tunnel.The diameter of wind-wave tunnel test section is 1.7 m (long) × 0.4 m (width) × 0.4 m (height).The flow fields around the airfoil were measured under four diffierent conditions by varying the distance between the airfoil and the water surface.The attack angle of the airfoil was kept 10- during the experiment.For each experimental condition,the time series of particle images was captured to calculate continuous evolution of the velocity fields.The velocity fields were ensemble averaged to get the statistic parameters such as mean velocity and vorticity.Typical instantaneous velocity fields for each case are introduced to show the basic flow structure of wind surface flow separation.The aerodynamic loads acting on the airfoil are analyzed qualitatively according to the mean vorticity distribution in the flow field based on the theory of vorticity aerodynamics.The results indicate that the flow structures and drag/lift force of the airfoil alter remarkably with the changing distance between the airfoil and water surface.  相似文献   

12.
通过分析2000年8月发生的双眼结构的碧利斯(B ilis)台风的结构特征,了解其要素场与单眼台风的异同.分析表明,流场上高层距台风中心东南偏南方向150km处还有一涡旋存在,眼结构明显;台风内外眼墙动力结构表现出明显的不对称特征.分析还表明:低层水平风场分布;散度和垂直速度;涡度与位涡;雨水等要素分布特征.  相似文献   

13.
岩土体流动(滑坡、泥石流及液化土体等)往往会造成工程结构物的严重破坏,而流动过程中的构型、速度场分布等运动参数是设防的重要依据。目前常规的实验手段难以捕捉岩土体流程过程中运动特征,基于粒子成像测速(PIV)测试技术开发了一套综合评定土体流态运动的模型系统,并通过砂土流动试验验证了模型系统的有效性。该模型系统能实时捕捉土体流动过程流动构型,并可以结合PIV计算准确得到土体流动过程中的速度场分布。基于该模型系统的岩土体流动试验为揭示土体大变形的流动规律提供了参考,同时试验结果也为由于土体流动造成的破坏的设防提供了依据。  相似文献   

14.
Flow visualization and hot-wire measurement techniques were combined to investigate the influence of the size and number of tabs on jet flow field and vortex structure generation mechanism. Streamwise vortices generated by the tabs of different sizes and numbers were ob- served from the flow visualization images. Combined with flow visualization, hot-wire measurement gave a quantitative insight of the effect of various tabbed jet flows. Instantaneous two-component velocity signals (longitudinal and transverse velocity components) at different cross sections along radius direction and streamwise direction with different tabbed jet nozzles were measured using hot-wire anemometer. Average flow field parameters of tabbed jet flow such as mean velocity, turbulence intensity, vorticity were analyzed and the effects of tabs with different sizes and numbers were compared with that of circular no-tab jet flow. It is revealed that the generation of a series of counter-rotating quasi-streamwise vortices, azimuthal vortices and double-row azi-muthal vortex are the reasons for mixing enhancement of tabbed turbulent jet flow.  相似文献   

15.
In this paper, inverse solutions are obtained for the class of 2D steady incompressible couple stress fluid flows. This class consists of flows for which the vorticity distribution is given by △^2ψ=ψ+f(x,y). The solutions are obtained by applying the inverse method, which makes certain hypotheses regarding the form of the velocity field and pressure but without making any regarding the boundaries of the domain occupied by the fluid. Inverse solutions are derived for three different forms of f(x,y).  相似文献   

16.
Short path distillation (SPD) is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products.In this paper,through measuring the phase-averaged velocity distributions with a conditional sampling method of the particle imaging velocimetry (PIV), the liquid flow field that affects the heat and mass transfer of evaporating thin-film in an SPD evaporator is investigated.Measured results show that the flow velocities decrease rapidly apart from the wiper at different wiper velocities, the maximum velocity appears before wipers, and the quicker the wiping, the larger the flow velocity. Meanwhile, the evaluation of numerical calculations is carried out.The measured velocity distributions indicate clearly the effect of the wiper both on the flow field along its moving direction and on the vortices behind the wiper.Simulation data show that the performance of liquid flow field on the heating surface not only agrees with the experimental results well,but also can give further more information, such as the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy.In this study,turbulent kinetic energy mainly distributes before wipers and laminar flow appears far away from the wipers.  相似文献   

17.
油田产量预测模型很多,但不同的模型预测的结果相差很大,原因是模型的理论依据一经典力学和量子力学的基本定律:时间是不变因素。将耗散结构理论引入到油田产量预测中,正是充分考虑到油田动态系统是一个与外界不断进行物质和能量的交换、非平衡的、非线性的系统,是耗散结构体系。将时间变量作为重要因素引入预测模型中,认为油田动态系统是一个时间单方向的、不可逆过程,为油田产量预测提供了新的科学的理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
Short path distillation (SPD) is a kind of high vacuum distillation method, which is suitable for the separation of high boiling, heat sensitivity and viscidity products. In this paper ,through measuring the phase-averaged velocity distributions with a conditional sampling method of the particle imaging velocimetry ( PIV), the liquid flow field that affects the heat and mass transfer of evaporating thin-film in an SPD evaporator is investigated. Measured results show that the flow velocities decrease rapidly apart from the wiper at different wiper velocities, the maximum velocity appears before wipers, and the quicker the wiping, the larger the flow velocity. Meanwhile, the evaluation of numerical calculations is carried out. The measured velocity distributions indicate clearly the effect of the wiper both on the flow field along its moving direction and on the vortices behind the wiper. Simulation data show that the performance of liquid flow field on the heating surface not only agrees with the experimental results well, but also can give further more information, such as the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy. In this study ,turbulent kinetic energy mainly distributes before wipers and laminar flow appears far away from the wipers.  相似文献   

19.
对微型燃气轮机旋流燃烧室内湍流流动PIV测量中产生的非轴对称性误差的原因进行了分析,提出了基于CFD技术的旋流燃烧室内湍流流动PIV测量误差的修正方法,将修正后的实验数据与数值计算结果进行了比较,结果表明,该修正方法可以有效地减小旋流燃烧室内湍流流动PIV测量中产生的非轴对称性的误差。  相似文献   

20.
稠油油井电加热是油田常用的稠油开采方式之一,针对稠油电加热系统,建立了加热对象的数学模型;通过仿真实验对不同最优准则下进行了比较研究,并给出了仿真波形及其分析,得出时间平方加权的误差平方积分(ISTTE)准则下的控制方法,该法可以缩短系统的调节时间,有效地抑制系统的超调,从而可以提高稠油电加热系统的加热效率.  相似文献   

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