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1.
“能力本位”是以培养职业岗位实际做事能力为目标的课程模式,是20世纪90年代以来支撑我国职业教育课程改革的主流模式。随着产业形态变革与职业教育高移化,这一课程模式在中等职业教育、职业专科教育与职业本科教育中均面临严峻挑战。把职业对人的要求作为展开教育逻辑起点的根本属性,使得“能力本位”作为职业教育课程核心模式的主体地位不受质疑。解决矛盾的根本办法是发展能力本位课程模式,切入点是对能力本位课程模式中工作任务和职业能力这两个概念做出重新解释,并深化对其开发技术的设计,包括在概括性层面理解和分析工作任务,把职业能力作为关键性课程要素进行开发和设计职业能力的教学化处理技术。 相似文献
2.
能力本位评价若干问题研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
徐国庆 《宁波职业技术学院学报》2004,8(2):38-42
文章主要对能力本位评价的实质、实施程序、信度和效度、优点和缺点进行了研究。相对纸笔评价而言，能力本位评价虽然有许多优点，但它自身也存在许多问题，有些问题是能力本位评价理念本身所固有的，这说明这种评价模式也具有局限性。 相似文献
3.
Evelyn Bergsmann Julia Klug Christoph Burger Nora Först Christiane Spiel 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2018,43(4):537-554
There is a lively discussion on how to evaluate competence-based higher education in both evaluation and competence research. The instruments used are often limited to course evaluation or specific competences, taking a rather narrow perspective. Furthermore, the instruments often comprise predetermined competences that cannot be adapted to higher education needs. The aim of this paper is to provide a flexible screening instrument into which practitioners/evaluators of study programmes can themselves insert the competences they are interested in, i.e. competences students ought to acquire through their study programme. The present study describes the development of the Competence Screening Questionnaire for Higher Education (CSQ-HE) in different domains of higher education. Results show that the CSQ-HE provides plausible screening information whilst fulfilling evaluation standards. It can be integrated into a higher education institution’s internal quality management system to demonstrate a programme’s legitimacy and enhance competence-based teaching and learning. Strengths, weaknesses and implications for practice are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Researching the competence-based curriculum: preface to a case study of four urban secondary schools
This introductory article accompanies three further articles forming a case study research project undertaken to describe the experience of four urban secondary schools implementing a competence-based curriculum for students in their first year of secondary education. The nature of such competence-based curricula is discussed in the context of secondary schools before providing an outline of the context of each of the case study schools. A democratic and emancipatory view of education provides the rationale for the development of transferable competencies, and this is considered with respect to the challenges of engaging in a cross-disciplinary approach to the curriculum. These challenges are viewed through the lens of Bernstein's concepts of strong and weak framing and horizontal and vertical discourses. Each of the accompanying articles takes up a different aspect of education, focusing on curriculum planning, teaching and learning, and leadership and management respectively. Further challenges with regard to changes in the English curriculum are briefly reflected upon. Finally an outline of the case study methodology which was employed in the study is provided. 相似文献
5.
能力本位教育已经成为世界职业教育改革的一个重要趋势。荷兰韦塞林克等学者构建的能力本位教育评估框架从评估准则、评估指标到评估等次,揭示了能力本位的职业教育本真之所在。基于此,我国的职业教育应在观念、师资、课程、实践、评价等几个方面进行革新,才能真正意义上实现能力本位的职业教育变革。 相似文献
6.
Francesca Caena 《European Journal of Education》2014,49(3):311-331
This article analyses the growing focus on teacher competences in European policy discourse against the backdrop of global convergences in education reforms. It traces key ideas, policy recommendations, peer learning and documents which underscore the relevance of teacher quality for education improvement, as recently stressed in the European Commission Communication and Staff Working Documents Rethinking Education. The intertwining of teacher competence frameworks with other areas of education policy is outlined — key competences in school education, the quality of initial teacher education, and the continuous professional development of teachers — teasing out reasons for their central role. Some insights from research and peer learning then explore key implications in the defining and implementing of teacher competence frameworks in national education systems. A comparative viewpoint further analyses current policy trends about teacher competences across European national contexts, in discourse and practice. In order to do so, a framework of analysis takes into account system features as key variables affecting national policy — roles and responsibilities of stakeholders, governance and education cultures, and the status of the teaching profession. Across the variety of policy practices, the analysis endeavours to trace some emerging patterns and trends, highlighting paradigmatic national examples, with some food for thought. 相似文献
7.
从历史和比较的视角,通过对欧美和澳大利亚等国家的案例分析,对能力本位教育的起源和变化发展进行深入的研究;梳理了能力本位教育的相关概念,总结了有关能力本位教育的两大模式及其特点;具体阐述了高等教育阶段能力本位教育的概念、制度以及构成能力本位教育的内容在不同历史阶段和不同国家的具体表现。 相似文献
8.
加拿大高职能力本位课程教学大纲探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
加拿大高职能力本位课程教学大纲具有以下特点:课程大纲理念与内容始终贯穿职业能力这一主线,课程大纲开发与结果始终贯穿"行业、企业导向",课程大纲目标与实施始终体现能力本位的整合能力观。借鉴其经验,我国高职教育课程大纲开发应体现全面的职业能力,设计能力培养方案,规划"教、学、做一体化"。 相似文献
9.
Oscar Jerez Leslier Valenzuela Veronica Pizarro Beatriz Hasbun Gabriela Valenzuela Cesar Orsini 《Teachers and Teaching》2016,22(4):519-534
In recent decades, higher education institutions worldwide have been moving from knowledge-based to competence-based curricula. One of the greatest challenges in this transition is the difficulty in changing the knowledge-oriented practices of teachers. This study evaluates the consistency between syllabus design and the requirements imposed by a competence-based learning environment. To make this comparison, the study sets four criteria (C1: explicit relationship between syllabus and graduate profile; C2: precision of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria; C3: contents that mobilise the learning outcomes; and C4: learning and assessment activities) derived from the literature and a thematic analysis of competence-based learning in higher education. Afterwards, a sample of 150 syllabi from different disciplines of five Chilean public universities were analysed, all of which stated the use of learning outcomes and competences in their learning models. Using a three-point Likert scale derived from the aforementioned criteria and their indicators, a comparison was made between the actual practices reflected in the syllabus design and the previously established criteria. Results show a gap between the declaration of a competency-based curriculum and actual syllabus outlines. Moreover, there are important differences among disciplines. Although all disciplines present high levels of accomplishment for Criteria 1 and 3, only the discipline of health sciences presents an acceptable level for Criteria 2 and 4. It is recommended that further research be undertaken towards identifying effective competency-based syllabus design. 相似文献
10.
罗晓蓉 《教学研究(河北)》2006,29(6):509-513,548
深化能力本位教学是目前高职高专的一项重要课题。本文全面阐述了英国BTEC课程模式,并对在本土课程中成功引进、借鉴和运用BTEC课业方法进行了分析总结,提出了BTEC课业教学本土化所必须面对的一些关键问题。 相似文献
11.
The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the interplay between student perceptions of competence-based assessment and student self-efficacy, and how this influences student learning outcomes. Results reveal that student perceptions of the form authenticity aspect and the quality feedback aspect of assessment do predict student self-efficacy, confirming the role of mastery experiences and social persuasions in enhancing student self-efficacy as stated by social cognitive theory. Findings do not confirm mastery experiences as being a stronger source of self-efficacy information than social persuasions. Study results confirm the predictive role of students’ self-efficacy on their competence outcomes. Mediation analysis results indicate that student’s perceptions of assessment have an indirect effect on student’s competence evaluation outcomes through student’s self-efficacy. Study findings highlight which assessment characteristics, positively influencing students’ learning, contribute to the effectiveness of competence-based education. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are indicated. 相似文献
12.
Judith T. M. Gulikers Piety Runhaar Martin Mulder 《Journal of Vocational Education & Training》2018,70(2):212-231
This contribution shows an example of how an assessment innovation can serve as a flywheel for changing teaching and learning. This article first explains the development of an authentic, competence-based performance assessment in pre-vocational secondary education (pre-VET). Using these assessments in pre-VET, that is preparatory to VET, is important for motivating students for a future in VET. Second, in an action research 34 teacher teams of 11 pre-VET institutions implement the new assessment, supported by researchers and teacher coaches, to illuminate how it motivates students, prepares them for VET, and influences teaching and learning. Data from 76 teachers, 68 students, 24 teacher coaches and 3 researchers showed how implementing these assessments raised questions about changing educational content and pedagogy to fit a competence-based approach. Increasing teachers’ expectations of students, changing student-teacher interaction patterns, and developing teachers’ practical understanding of competencies and how they can be observed and discussed in assessments are some of the intriguing challenges that require further support for proper implementation of competence-based assessments and developing an aligned competence-based teaching and learning process. 相似文献
13.
当前我国STEM教育快速发展,对教师核心能力的要求逐步提高,如何设计系统化的培训项目以支持STEM教师的能力发展,成为了亟待解决的问题。美国MSUrbanSTEM项目重点关注STEM教师创新能力、教学实践能力和跨学科交流与协作能力的培养,对我国STEM教育的发展具有借鉴意义。基于此,文章在介绍MSUrbanSTEM项目背景和理念的基础上,从设计逻辑和运行逻辑两个方面剖析了项目活动设计与实施的特色,并提出我国的STEM教师专业发展项目应树立能力本位的价值导向、融入行之有效的STEM教学方法、建立专业标准的评价体系。 相似文献
14.
The orientation of vocational education towards competence-based education has led to fundamental changes in the work of vocational education teachers. This article pictures teaching in innovative, competence-based vocational education in the Netherlands. In a multiple case study, the teaching practices of 10 teachers from five vocational schools were thoroughly studied. By examining not only the actual behaviour of teachers but also their related personal ideas and professional attitudes, we learn about the ways teachers implement new educational concepts and their experienced uncertainties, dilemmas and practical tensions. These insights lead to a better understanding and specification of the concept of competence-based vocational education at the micro level of educational processes, that is, the interaction between teachers and students. Implications are described in terms of new repertoires of teaching behaviour and teaching methods – all in the context of vocational education. 相似文献
15.
Due to the call for accountability in higher education, the focus on assessment of learning outcomes at the end of programmes has increased. The need for deep understanding and univocal interpretation of intended generic and specific competences by teaching staff cannot be underestimated when it comes to quality outcome assessment. The purpose of this study is to review which interpretation the literature gives to ten generic competences related to level of bachelor's degree and their content-related interconnections. Therefore, a compilation of literature reviews – one review per generic competence – was conducted. Between 8 and 36 peer-reviewed articles per competence were included. This review study results in a set of criteria and standards related to ten generic competences, representing the proficiency level of a bachelor's degree, and a model that expresses the interconnection between the selected generic competences. The theoretical inference and the usability of this set and model are the focus of the discussion. 相似文献
16.
The evolution in Europe towards more competence-based curricula in the last ten years or so is the result of several exogenous factors and a determined European policy. The Reference Framework of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, a Recommendation approved by the European Parliament and the Council in 2006, and the work carried out within the Open Method of Coordination as well as by European research bodies have had a significant impact on Member States' curriculum reforms. This article shows that some terminology issues, both conceptual and practical, may explain, together with other causes, the diverse formulations of key competences and the way in which they are being integrated into the compulsory education curricula by the Member States or at intra-national levels. The focus of the article is on cross-curricular competences because these are the key competences which require the most significant innovations in teaching and learning practices, on assessment tools and procedures, and school organisation. The analysis illustrates the main differences and convergences in policy formulation and implementation strategies among the EU Member States. It also identifies key obstacles that must be overcome for an effective implementation before suggesting some policy recommendations. 相似文献
17.
Since 1998, the Flanders’ educational government in Belgium has been urging teacher education institutions by decree to implement competences in teacher training programs. Since then, years have gone by, and institutions have acted in order to achieve the competence-based goals. However, have they succeeded in implementing them? This is the research question that is central to the current study. An online survey inquiry was set up in eight elementary teacher education institutions using two questionnaires; one for final year elementary institution pre-service teachers, who were about to graduate at the time of completing the questionnaire (N = 218), the other for teacher trainers throughout the elementary teacher training program (N = 51). Ten years after the decree was issued, results show that competence-based education has become a reality in terms of its implementation. However, the process has not yet come to an end. Whereas some competences are clearly present in the institutions’ policies and practices (e.g. teacher as guide to learning and development, teacher as subject expert), others are poorly represented (e.g. teacher as partner of parents, external parties and as a member of the educational community). Moreover, teacher trainers tend to take four different approaches to the implementation of competences (1) during internship, (2) through the institution’s policy and program planning, (3) by means of their integration in both theoretical and practical components of the curriculum and finally, (4) a lack of implementation because the competences are considered insufficiently applicable by the teacher trainers. In particular, more experienced and subject expert teacher trainers tend to adopt the final approach more often than do younger colleagues and pedagogues. Student teachers’ results, on the other hand, suggest important differences between institutions concerning their understanding of competences and the integration of these competences in the curriculum; suggesting different paces of adaptation between teacher education institutions. Moreover, even within schools, the trajectory towards implementation is not always clear for all members of the teaching team, nor for the students of most teacher education institutions. Consequently, there is still important work to be done in order for successful competence-based change to occur. 相似文献
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Päivi Siivonen 《International Journal of Lifelong Education》2016,35(1):36-50
Continuous learning and updating one’s competences and abilities have become requirements for staying ‘up-to-date’ and ‘at the top of one’s game’. Lifelong learning policy has been persuasive in its emphasis on equal learning opportunities for all: everyone has endless possibilities and capabilities to learn according to her/his needs and desires throughout life. This discourse has been especially encouraging for the eight Finnish general upper secondary school adult graduates followed in this study; they had received little formal education in their youth or had been labelled as ‘poor’ students at school through the assessment criteria maintained by the schooling system’s prevailing meritocratic discourse. In order to become lifelong learning subjects, they first needed to prove their ability and competence as students and learners, that is their educability. This was also the key for their transitions in further and higher education and working life. Consequently, half of the interviewees told ‘success stories’ about these transitions. Moreover, they continued to have faith in ‘the great salvation of education’ as well as their own educability. For the other half, however, these transitions turned out to be disappointing or perceived as a broken promise. These adults also started to doubt their own abilities as students and learners. 相似文献