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1.
This study examines the meaning attributed to the contribution of technology to pedagogical practices from the perspective of school ICT leaders. While previous studies use metaphors for bottom-up exploration, this study employs an innovative combination of bottom-up and top-down metaphor analysis based on two frameworks: (a) metaphors of general learning (Paavola, Lipponen, & Hakkarainen, 2004)—acquisition, participation, and knowledge creation, and (b) metaphors of digital learning (Shamir-Inbal & Blau, 2016)—toolbox, active player, creative mind, shared desktop, and inter-connected world. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 ICT leaders, including eight elementary school ICT coordinators and five regional ICT coordinators. All three metaphors of general learning and five digital learning metaphors were found in perspectives and pedagogical practices reported by the interviewees. However, the prevalence of each metaphor and the intersections of general and digital learning metaphors were quite different. The analysis based on metaphors shed light on the perspectives of ICT leaders regarding the meaning and nature of learning processes and on pedagogical practices in their schools. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(3):90-104
Abstract Current presentations of a Credit Accumulation and Transfer (CAT) framework are based on a matrix with two dimensions: notional learning time and ‘general educational level”. The latter concept is currently presented in terms of hierarchical metaphors for understanding cognitive processes, organisational responsibilities, and experiential commitment. Each of these metaphors is at best highly questionable, and the assumption that they can be combined to form a CAT framework has more to do with managerial ideology than with educational theory. Furthermore, although the notion of an education ‘currency’ based on notional learning time is helpful in some respects, its use in combination with a hierarchy of levels means that the currency of educational credit is non‐convertible, revealing the limitations of the currency metaphor. 相似文献
3.
Ahmet Saban 《Teaching Education》2013,24(4):299-315
This article reviews the pertinent research literature on metaphors in teaching and teacher education. The main purpose is to explore these metaphors as evidences of prospective and practicing teachers' reasoning about teaching, learning, and schooling. The current review is organized around the major functions of metaphor in education. In this way, it is intended to contribute to the existing scholarly research in the field of teaching and teacher education stemming largely from metaphor analysis. The present essay discusses 10 distinct functions of metaphor in education and provides illustrative studies for each function. It strongly argues for the inclusion of various educational metaphors in teacher education programs because of their functional benefits. 相似文献
4.
This article examines the role elementary school children’s spontaneous metaphors play in learning science. The data consists
of tape recordings of about 25 h from five different schools. The material is analysed using a practical epistemology analysis
and by using Dewey’s ideas on the continuity and transformation of experience. The results show the rich and varied meanings
that children put into their spontaneous metaphors. Their metaphors deal with facts as well as norms and aesthetics in relation
to the science content taught and they influence learning both through what is made salient, as well as through their relations
to the children’s possibilities of proceeding with their undertakings. Often one and the same metaphor encompassed all these
cognitive, aesthetic and normative aspects at the same time. It is discussed how this rich meaning can be cultured in a productive
way, and how the children’s spontaneous metaphors, with all their relations, can be used to enhance conceptual learning and
also learning about the nature of metaphor use in science. Through their connection with various experiences of the children,
it is also shown how children’s spontaneous metaphors have the potential to enliven and humanise the subject. 相似文献
5.
This paper argues that much contemporary educational policy makes assumptions about learning that are directly contradicted by the best research and theorising of learning that has occurred over the last decade and more. This worrying mismatch is largely attributable to adherence by policy makers (and other key stakeholders such as employers), to ‘common sense’ notions of learning transfer. In fact, these ‘common sense’ notions of transfer have increasingly been discarded even in the learning transfer literature. However, we go further in arguing that transfer is a totally inappropriate metaphor for thinking about most learning, but especially for vocational learning. Accepting that thought about learning inevitably involves metaphors, we consider the merits and otherwise of various other learning metaphors including participation and construction. We conclude that the conceptual flaws of transfer can be avoided by employing alternative metaphors. The value of our recommended alternative is illustrated by its power to illuminate data on learning collected from various research projects. 相似文献
6.
Mastering as an Inferentialist Alternative to the Acquisition and Participation Metaphors for Learning 
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下载免费PDF全文 SAMUEL D. TAYLOR RUBEN NOORLOOS ARTHUR BAKKER 《Journal of Philosophy of Education》2017,51(4):769-784
A tension has been identified between the acquisition and participation metaphors for learning, and it is generally agreed that this tension has still not been adequately resolved. In this paper, we offer an alternative to the acquisition and participation metaphors for learning: the metaphor of mastering. Our claim is that the mastering metaphor, as grounded in inferentialism, allows one to treat both the acquisition and participation dimensions of learning as complementary and mutually constitutive. Inferentialism is a semantic theory which explains concept formation in terms of the inferences individuals make in the context of an intersubjective practice of acknowledging, attributing, and challenging one another's commitments. We first introduce the key concepts of inferentialism and consider the perspective on learning that inferentialism inspires. Then, we condense the lessons of the inferentialist concepts into a single mastering metaphor for learning and argue that learning consists in the process by which learners come to master concepts and practices. We conclude by discussing how the mastering metaphor could be put to work in a theoretical reconciliation of the cognitive and sociocultural dimensions of learning. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Educational Research》1998,29(3):227-240
This study sought to describe the metaphors entry level preservice teachers bring with them as they begin a teacher education program. One hundred thirty four (134) students certifying in elementary education and 119 students certifying in secondary education completed a questionnaire designed to capture the metaphors they hold on life, children, and teaching. Secondary preservice teachers were more likely to write their own metaphors of life and childhood than their elementary counterparts. No one from the elementary group created his/her own metaphor for life and childhood, while nearly 31% of the secondary group created a metaphor of life, childhood, or both. The metaphors students created to describe teaching revealed four dominant themes: teaching as guiding, teaching as nurturing, teaching as stimulating, and teaching as telling. The chapter closes with a discussion of implications for how changes to the cognitive structure of students’ metaphor entailment patterns occur over time. 相似文献
9.
王红阳龚双霜 《宁波大学学报(教育科学版)》2016,(3):1-005
基于Halliday系统功能语言学理论,探讨语法隐喻在二语习得中的个体发展规律。首先将取自不同受试组的60篇文章中的句子归类,再对比其中的语法隐喻出现的频率,然后利用独立样本T检验来验证二语写作中语法隐喻使用量是否随着语言水平的提高而增加,以此验证母语的隐喻思维是否会无条件地迁移过来。研究结果表明,学生在英语写作中人际隐喻的使用量随语言水平的提高而增加,但研究数据没能证明概念隐喻及语篇隐喻的发展也遵循这一规律。 相似文献
10.
Coral Mitchell 《Interchange》1999,30(3):283-303
Although educational change continues to be a topic of considerable interest in research, scholarship, policy, and practice, it remains a problematic issue. Many metaphors for generating sustainable change have been advocated from time to time. One such metaphor currently enjoying some popularity is that of a learning organization or a learning community. This paper describes the influences that emerged in one attempt to build a learning community in an elementary school. Influences clustered into four constellations of issues: individual, group, organizational, and contextual. While many of the influences supported the teachers' attempts to generate effective organizational learning, others interfered with the process. At the end of the study, the staff believed that they had created an authentic learning community on staff, but over time the processes diminished and eventually, as more of the original participants left the school, disappeared. The cultural and political realities of life in schools suggest that the development of a learning community among teachers is decidedly difficult. Although the metaphor holds promise for generating sustainable improvement and renewal in teaching and learning, its ultimate success is questionable. 相似文献
11.
Elspeth Mckay 《教育心理学》1999,19(4):471-487
ABSTRACT The effect of instructional materials enhanced with textual metaphors versus graphical metaphors was investigated. In the text‐plus‐textual metaphor material, the learning content described computer programming logic patterns (i.e. sequence, selection and repetition control structures) in a generic text format, followed by expository examples in the form of textual metaphors. The text‐plus‐graphical metaphor material consisted of the generic text instruction with the expository examples replaced by graphical metaphors (pictures). A total of 37 adult learners attended one lecture and two tutorials to learn how to write programming algorithms. All of the participants completed Riding and Cheema's (1991) Cognitive Styles Analysis (CSA) to measure their position on two cognitive style dimensions: Wholist‐Analytic and Verbal‐Imagery. The participants were paired based on their similar CSA ratios. One participant from each pair was given the text‐plus‐textual metaphor treatment, while the other was given the text‐plus‐graphical metaphor treatment. The treatment groups were controlled for instructional format and cognitive style. These independent variables were used to test for their effect on learning abstract computer programming concepts. Performance, as measured by the difference between pre‐test and post‐test scores, was analysed using statistical means and the QUEST probability analysis program. Both methods show that graphical metaphors improve participants’ performance. They also show that the best performance is achieved by Verbalisers, given the graphical metaphor instructional material. 相似文献
12.
This study is an interpretive investigation of Sarah, a first-time teacher of middle- and high-school science who, because of high levels of disruption, was unable to establish and maintain environments favorable to learning. Sarah reflected on her roles as a teacher and identified facilitating learning, management, and assessment as salient, each being associated with defining metaphors and belief sets. Sarah's efforts to improve her teaching began with the construction of a new metaphor, the social director, for her role as manager. She developed coherence between the new metaphor and beliefs about constructivism, teaching, and learning. Sarah then managed her class in accordance with the social director metaphor and, although improvements were apparent, some students were uncooperative. Sarah then changed her metaphor for assessment from the teacher being a fair judge to the teacher looking through a window into a student's mind, an opportunity for students to show what is known. When this metaphor guided Sarah's assessment practices the learning environment improved appreciably. Although the development of new metaphors was a significant part of the process of reconceptualizing her roles as a science teacher, Sarah could not have improved the quality of teaching and learning without substantial assistance from her colleagues and school administrators. 相似文献
13.
Richard E. Mayer 《教育心理学家》2013,48(3-4):151-161
This essay examines the role of information-processing theories in the historical search for a guiding metaphor of educational psychology. First, I show how information processing can be viewed as the second in a series of three metaphors that developed during this century and, more specifically, as a bridge from associationist to constructivist visions of learning. Second, I provide a definition of information processing based on the premise that humans are processors of information. Third, I distinguish between literal and constructivist interpretations of two key elements in information-processing; theory, namely, the nature of information and the nature of processing. Then, I summarize the contributions and limitations of the information-processing approach. Finally, I examine possible future directions for the search for educational psychology's guiding metaphor. 相似文献
14.
This article deals with the writing of hypertext during regular school lessons. We suppose that hypertext-environments can be used as “cognitive tools” to promote the comprehension of semantic relationships within a subject and the reflection about knowledge structures. From research on learning by writing traditional text (Bereiter &; Scardamalia 1987), it can be expected that the constitutive features of “hypertext” must be comprehensible for leaner. In this study, we focus in particular on the question: Which metaphors are helpful to introduce the main idea of “hypertext” as a cognitive tool? In an explorative field study, we examined two parallel classes constructing hypertexts during their regular school lessons. The teachers in both classes used completely different metaphors to introduce the concept of hypertext. The metaphor chosen influenced both the structures of the completed hypertext-documents and the discussion about the subject matter. The space-metaphor seems to be especially appropriate to introduce the concept of hypertext to the learner in such a way that a creative interaction between the structure of the hypertext and the semantic structure of the subject could result. Three tests were administered to measure the degree to which knowledge about semantic relations and structures was acquired. The class that had discussed hypertext with spatial metaphors showed significantly better results than the parallel class. 相似文献
15.
隐喻的表象表征及其加工效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用时间隐喻为研究材料,考查了隐喻表象性与多个心理维度(理解度、熟悉度、喜好度、适当性、重要性)的相关性,并通过比较被试对表象程度不同的时间隐喻在表象加工和语义加工后的语义确认成绩,考查表象加工对时间隐喻表征所产生的加工效应。结果表明时间隐喻表象性与这些心理维度有密切联系;虽然语义表征是时间隐喻表征的基础和起点,但表象表征并不完全是一种附带产物,而是句子表象性程度的函数,在隐喻理解过程中有介入作用。高表象性的隐喻存在双重编码。 相似文献
16.
This article looks at the use of extended metaphor in teaching. Our case studies as two teachers using metaphor in different settings show how metaphor is experienced by learners to different pedagogical effect. The article demonstrates that metaphor can be used not only for the similarity between vehicle and target systems, but also for the difference. In the subject of electronics, extended metaphor (water, waves and webs) scaffolds learning by merit of the similarity of the vehicle system to the target. However, when teaching doctoral students to improve their writing skills, extended metaphor exploits the difference between vehicle and target. In this case the frustration of academic challenge is defused by using metaphors that are homely and ordinary in contrast to the formal academic genre of thesis writing. Our experience in using metaphors to teach provides support for the theory that they may be monistic (forgotten once they have fulfilled the pedagogical scaffolding task) or dualistic (remembered because both systems remain in play). The article prompts other higher education teachers to more consciously consider the potential of metaphor as a pedagogical aid. 相似文献
17.
曹晓华 《齐齐哈尔师范高等专科学校学报》2009,(6):126-128
认知隐喻理论宣称语言中无数的隐喻表达可以追溯至有限数目的概念隐喻,这就意味着概念隐喻有可能在我们的语言学习中发挥积极的作用。本文以认知隐喻理论为基础,旨在探讨隐喻对中国大学生英文阅读理解的影响。本文用量的研究方法对广州某高校英语专业三年级54位学生隐喻知识培训前后所得阅读成绩进行分析,结果表明隐喻知识有助于他们的英语阅读理解。 相似文献
18.
本文采用问卷调查的形式,探索中职学生的英语学习风格偏好。结果表明中职生的英语学习风格偏向于视觉型、听觉型、外向型、严谨型、整体型、分析型的学习风格,在感知学习风格、个性学习风格、感知学习风格三个大组中,属于混合风格的学生比例都较小。年级变化是影响学习风格分布的最大变量,男女学生在严谨/随意型学习风格构成有显著性差异。研究结果能敦促中职英语教师基于中职学生的学习风格改变教学策略,从而促进英语语言学习的成功。 相似文献
19.
教育人类学的“成长”隐喻与教师的专业发展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
教育人类学自诞生以来,就一直以人类学的概念、原理与方法来研究教育现象。教育人类学的个体成长隐喻,对教师专业发展有重要的启示。教育人类学的"震撼"隐喻,喻指个体成长中的震撼经历。对教师而言,"境遇性"就是重要的震撼经历。教育人类学的"沉醉"隐喻,指的是人在活动中的投入状态。对教师而言,"沉醉"意味着教师的非理性投入精神。教育人类学的"民族"隐喻,指的是不同地域的人深受文化的影响。为此,要突出教师发展的"文化性"。教育人类学"自由"隐喻认为个体发展是自主的。因此,它突出教师发展的内在超越性。 相似文献
20.
文章以文化与语言、文化与隐喻的关系为切入点,首先从文化差异的视角,通过比较英、汉、蒙三种语言的隐喻表达的异同,重点分析了文化对隐喻翻译的影响问题。其次,对字面意思与隐喻意义的关系,翻译的不确定性,隐喻的可改述性和隐喻的可译性等隐喻翻译的若干问题展开了讨论。最后建议在保持多元文化的同时为了避免文化冲突现象的发生,在外语教学中既要强调隐喻所呈现的中西方文化的差异,同时有必要在汉族与其他少数民族或少数民族之间的在隐喻所体现的文化差异方面进行更深层次的研究和探索,这对我国外语教学有一定的启示。 相似文献