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1.
Harris M 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2001,6(3):177-185
The signed and spoken language produced by 14 mothers to their 18-month-old children during free play was analyzed. All the children had profound prelingual deafness. Seven of the mothers were profoundly deaf and fluent users of British Sign Language (BSL) or Auslan. The other seven were hearing and had enrolled in a signing program. Maternal signed utterances were classified according to whether they were made in the child's line of sight and whether they had a salient context; that is, they referred to an object or event at the child's current focus of attention. Spoken utterances were coded by word length. Comparisons between the two groups showed that both deaf and hearing mothers produced a majority of single-sign utterances (rather than utterances containing two or more signs). Deaf mothers also produced a majority of single-word spoken utterances, whereas the hearing mothers produced a significantly greater proportion of multiword utterances. As predicted, deaf mothers were more successful than hearing mothers in presenting signed utterances with a salient context that were visible to their children. Across the group as a whole, the total number of visible and salient signed utterances produced in 10 minutes was positively correlated with the total number of occasions on which mothers successfully redirected their child's attention or the child spontaneously turned to look at the mother. This suggests that deaf children who are visually attentive to their mothers receive a greater number of visible signed utterances with a salient context. I argue that this provides a more secure context for early language development. 相似文献
2.
申向阳 《阿坝师范高等专科学校学报》2008,25(1):78-81
九寨沟方言“把”字句、“给”字句是很有特色的两种句式。文章主要对“把”和“给”出现的条件及语境作静态描写。从而了解九寨沟方言在语法方面的某些特点。 相似文献
3.
Joint attention and early language 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
This paper reports 2 studies that explore the role of joint attentional processes in the child's acquisition of language. In the first study, 24 children were videotaped at 15 and 21 months of age in naturalistic interaction with their mothers. Episodes of joint attentional focus between mother and child--for example, joint play with an object--were identified. Inside, as opposed to outside, these episodes both mothers and children produced more utterances, mothers used shorter sentences and more comments, and dyads engaged in longer conversations. Inside joint episodes maternal references to objects that were already the child's focus of attention were positively correlated with the child's vocabulary at 21 months, while object references that attempted to redirect the child's attention were negatively correlated. No measures from outside these episodes related to child language. In an experimental study, an adult attempted to teach novel words to 10 17-month-old children. Words referring to objects on which the child's attention was already focused were learned better than words presented in an attempt to redirect the child's attentional focus. 相似文献
4.
I Forget What That's Called! Children's Online Processing of Disfluencies Depends on Speaker Knowledge 
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下载免费PDF全文 Speech disfluencies can convey information to listeners: Adults and children predict that filled pauses (e.g., uhh) will be followed by referents that are difficult to describe or are new to the discourse. In adults, this is driven partly by an understanding that disfluencies reflect processing difficulties. This experiment examined whether 3½‐year‐olds' use of disfluencies similarly involves inferences about processing difficulty. Forty children were introduced to either a knowledgeable or a forgetful speaker, who then produced fluent and disfluent utterances. Children exposed to the knowledgeable speaker looked preferentially at novel, discourse‐new objects during disfluent utterances. However, children who heard the forgetful speaker did not. These results suggest that, like adults, children modify their expectations about the informativeness of disfluencies on a speaker‐specific basis. 相似文献
5.
Maternal language to prelinguistic infants: syntactic aspects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Maternal speech to children has been shown to vary by age and language ability of the children. Previous studies have usually involved children over 1 year of age. In this study maternal speech to male and female 4-, 6-, and 8-month-old infants was recorded in the laboratory. Mothers used shorter utterances to 8-month-olds than to 4- or 6-month-olds, presumably in response to the infant's changing level of comprehension. Mothers used more sentences with subjects, verbs, or objects deleted to 8-month-olds and more complex sentences to 4-month-olds. 相似文献
6.
王芹 《阜阳师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2010,(3):61-64
李峤诗歌具有很高的艺术特色与成就。大致说来,其诗歌善于隶事用典,且巧为骈俪偶对,同时具有富丽恢宏与清绮秀美兼善的特点。从文学史意义上说来,李峤诗歌促进了律体与七古的发展。 相似文献
7.
2 studies investigate whether 18-month-old children spontaneously sort objects into basic-level categories, and how this ability is related to naming. In Study 1, 18-month-old children were given spontaneous sorting tasks, involving both identical objects and objects with basic-level intracategory variation. Children were scored as having passed the tasks if they produced "exhaustive grouping," that is, physically grouped all the objects of one kind into one location and the objects of the other kind into a different location. The children also received means-ends and object-permanence tasks. Children's parents received a checklist of early names. Children who produced exhaustive grouping used significantly more names than those who did not, in both identical and basic-level cases. There was no such relation between object-permanence and naming or between means-ends performance and naming. In Study 2, children received arrays of the same objects, with either identical objects or objects with basic-level variation in each group. No significant differences were found between the identical and basic-level tasks. However, as in the previous task, performance on both types of categorization was related to naming. Children who produced exhaustive grouping were reported to produce more names than those who did not. There appears to be a close relation between object categorization and naming in young children. The theoretical implications of this empirical association are discussed. 相似文献
8.
B A Bettes 《Child development》1988,59(4):1089-1096
Children of depressed parents are at increased risk for depression and other developmental problems. Recent research indicates that disturbances exist in face-to-face interactions between depressed mothers and their infants. In the present study, the effects of maternal depression on motherese, an interactive behavior that plays a significant role in affective, cognitive, and social development, were examined. 2 paralinguistic features of motherese were examined: temporal parameters of utterances and pauses and the frequency of use of 5 types of intonation contours typically found in motherese utterances. Face-to-face interactions between 36 mothers and their 3-4-month-old infants were audio-recorded, and hard copy records of pitch contours and relative intensity were produced for 2-min interaction sequences. Results indicated that depressed mothers failed to modify their behavior according to the behavior of the infant. They were significantly slower to respond to an infant vocalization, had more variable utterances and pauses, and were less likely to utilize the exaggerated intonation contours that are characteristic of motherese. The results provide evidence for a mechanism through which maternal depression increases the infant's risk for psychopathology. 相似文献
9.
安俊丽 《淮阴师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版)》2002,24(5):692-694
古汉语中受事主语句具有以下特点；受事主语句的谓语动词不带宾语或只带施事，处所宾语；受事主语句中的主语可直接或有条件地后置作宾语；受事主语句可以改写成有标志的被动句，我们可以此来分清受事主语句和与事主语句在古汉语中的界限。 相似文献
10.
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a self-modeling procedure and a self-modeling procedure combined with social reinforcement on the language acquisition of bilingual children. In the self-modeling condition the children were prompted to mimic portions of sentences on audiotape. These fragments were edited into complete sentences and served as models during instruction. Children in the self-modeling group displayed significantly more adjective usage and adopted more of the modeled content than children whose self-modeled responses were socially reinforced and children assigned to the two control conditions. 相似文献
11.
苏振华 《忻州师范学院学报》2011,27(3):46-48
文章对《国语》双宾语进行穷尽性的整理分析,提出双宾语鉴别的指导原则,即从语义关系出发,用语表形式控制;按照双宾语动词的语义类型及其与宾语的语义关系把《国语》双宾语划分为7类,包括给予义双宾语、使动义双宾语、为动义双宾语、称谓义双宾语、询问义双宾语、获得义双宾语和其他义双宾语;描述《国语》双宾语的近宾语和远宾语的4种情况;并结合现代汉语双宾语简要论述了双宾语古今演变的大致情况。 相似文献
12.
Having young readers manipulate objects to correspond to the characters and actions in a text greatly enhances comprehension as measured by both recall and inference tests. As a step toward classroom implementation, we applied this manipulation strategy in small (three-child) reading groups. For successive critical sentences, one child would read the sentence aloud and then manipulate the objects, then the next child would read and manipulate, and so on. Children in a reread control condition also alternated reading the text. For the reread condition, one child would read the critical sentence and then reread it, followed by the next child, and so on. Children who manipulated were substantially more accurate in answering questions about the texts. Thus, the manipulation strategy meets at least some of the criteria for being applicable in a classroom setting, namely it is effective when applied in small groups. 相似文献
13.
本在定量统计与定性分析的基础上,对《三国志》代词宾语的词序进行了考察。笔认为,与上古汉语相比,词序的变化主要体现在宾语的位置上：(1)否定句宾语一律后置;(2)疑问句宾语虽遵循前置的规则,但已出现了后置的趋势;(3)肯定句宾语由于押韵需要而前置,是修辞上的仿古用法。 相似文献
14.
We used eye-tracking technology to examine young and older adults' performance in the reading with distraction paradigm. One-, 2- and 4-word distracters that formed meaningful phrases were used. There were marked age differences in fixation patterns. Young adults' fixations to the distracters and targets increased with distracter length, suggesting that they were attempting to integrate the distracters with the sentence and had more and more difficulty doing so as the distracters increased in length. Young adults did have better comprehension of the sentences than older adults and also better recognition memory for target words and distracters. 相似文献
15.
进入更为细致的冲击波英语语法体系学习之前的热身运动。让学生对英语语言里面的关键语法框架先建立起一个全局性的理解。 相似文献
16.
This study examined how child and family factors affect individual differences in the language development of African American children between 18 and 30 months of age. Participants were 87 African American children, primarily from low-income families. Children's vocabulary and grammatical skills were assessed at 18, 24, and 30 months of age using the short form of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory (CDI), a standardized parent report tool. Standardized language tests were administered repeatedly between 1 and 3 years of age. Results showed that children's vocabulary and utterance length grew linearly over time between 18 and 30 months of age. Children from more stimulating and responsive homes were reported to have larger vocabularies, to use more irregular nouns and verbs, and to use longer utterances, in addition to having more rapid rates of acquisition of irregular forms and longer utterances over time. Girls used longer utterances than boys and more irregular forms. Girls also had larger vocabularies in a secondary analysis that eliminated children whose parent report of their vocabulary was substantially lower than children's scores on a standardized language test. There are indications that some parents may be under-reporting their children's early vocabulary and grammatical development, with a high proportion of the parents reporting their child's 30 month vocabulary and grammatical development as being at or below the 10th percentile according to the CDI norms. 相似文献
17.
刘祥友 《湖南城市学院学报》2003,24(5):15-17
“把”字句在近代汉语中已是一种使用非常普遍的句型,使用频率高,结构形式复杂。《水浒全传》中“把”字句共有1500余个,可概括为10余种句式,其绝大多数介词宾语都是有定的,有定或无定是其句法位置赋予的,动词语义上有两种不同性质的“处置”：客观处置和主观处置,其否定词“不”前置的限制非常严,它在近代汉语中的普遍性和常用性,与其语义角色的复杂、丰富有很大关系。 相似文献
18.
Three studies assessed the ability of 2-year-olds to use semantic context to infer the meanings of novel nouns and to retain those meanings a day later. In the first experiment, 24 2-year-olds heard novel nouns in sentences that contained semantically constraining verbs (e.g., "Mommy feeds the ferret"). They chose from a set of four novel object pictures to indicate the referent. Children learned a majority of the novel words. However, they occasionally failed to choose the correct object even when they understood the verb. Experiment 2 examined whether this was due to an inability to identify some of the pictures of novel objects. Experiment 3 tested 24 2-year-olds' memory for the newly learned nouns following a 24 hr delay and found significant retention. Results are discussed in terms of learning mechanisms that facilitate vocabulary acquisition in young children. 相似文献
19.
小句宾语句是依靠语法整合形成的一种句式。进入宾语的小句从语义的角度分为现实句、虚拟句两大类,其中现实句包括动态句和静态句,虚拟句包括虚拟动态句、虚拟静态句和虚拟语气句。统计数据显示,宾语小句的整合特征主要是现实句多于虚拟句,静态句多于动态句,非事件句多于事件句,宾语小句整体有非事件化的倾向。 相似文献
20.
不礼貌言语的突出特点是言说内容威胁到听者的面子,使之感到不快、尴尬。文章通过对Verschueren的顺应论进行改善,将其分为表层顺应和深层顺应。表层顺应即维氏的语境顺应,增添的深层顺应包括交际策略顺应和交际态度顺应。改善后的顺应模型很好地解释了该类日常生活中,既表达了言者对听者尊重的交际态度,但言说内容又极其不礼貌的言语现象。 相似文献