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This paper uses patent citation data to analyze the quality of university technology across European regions. The empirical analysis draws on a panel dataset of 4580 European university-owned patents classified by 202 European regions over the period 1998-2004. The methodology involves a multilevel framework to identify the effects of factors at three hierarchical levels (individual, university, and regional) on the quality of university patenting. The results suggest that regional factors, such as the level of development, industrial potential, and regional higher education R&D expenditure, do not play any significant role in determining the quality of European university patents. We instead find that the factors affecting patent quality stem from their specific characteristics. We also find that university size does not explain the quality of patents. However, there is significant unobserved heterogeneity at the university level in all models, suggesting that differences in other university characteristics explain a substantial part of the variance in patent quality. 相似文献
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欧洲各国大学科研评价及其启示 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
刘莉 《科学学与科学技术管理》2005,26(9):86-90
欧洲各国大学科研评价尽管方法多样,但也存在许多共同的特点和趋势。研究欧洲各国大学科研评价对健全与完善我国大学科研评价机制具有十分重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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This article develops a general framework to describe the changes in university IPR regulations in Europe and their effects on the patenting activities of universities and on knowledge transfer processes. Understanding the effects of changes in IPR regulations on academic patenting is a complex issue, and parallels with the US case can be misleading. First, despite the general trend towards institutional ownership, university IPR regulations in Europe remain extremely differentiated and there is no one-to-one mapping to the US system. Second, it is difficult to disentangle the quantitative and qualitative effects of changes in IPR ownership regulations on academic patenting activities from the effects of concurrent transformations in the institutional, cultural and organizational landscape surrounding academic knowledge transfer. The article proposes a review and typological classification of national university IPR ownership systems on the basis of their development since 2000, and uses it to analyze the aggregate dynamics of academic patent ownership in several European countries. The analysis of patterns of ownership of academic patents shows that there has been a general increase in university patenting since 1990, with a significant slowdown (and even reduction in some countries) after early 2000s accompanied by a switch in academic patents ownership in favor of university ownership though preserving the European specificity of high company ownership of academic invented patents. 相似文献
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Joaquín M. Azagra-Caro Fragiskos Archontakis Antonio Gutiérrez-Gracia Ignacio Fernández-de-Lucio 《Research Policy》2006,35(1):37-55
The growing importance of regions in the analysis of innovation and the pressure on European universities to interact with their environment justify this article. It argues that faculty support for the objectives of university-industry relations (UIR) does not vary across disciplines and does not respond to university encouragement in a region with low absorptive capacity. These results are in contrast with those obtained in studies of technology leading countries like the USA. Furthermore, incentives for UIR may generate unpredicted dynamics while instruments to cooperate are not significant. Finally, support for the objectives of UIR should not be confused with the degree of R&D cooperation. The former is sensitive to university age while the latter is sensitive to gender, discipline, commitment to R&D and university encouragement. Empirical evidence is obtained from a sample of faculty from the Valencian Community (Spain) and analysed through a set of models for discrete choice. 相似文献
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The paper analyses scientific research production at the laboratory level. The evidence on which the study is based describes precisely the research activity over the period 1993-2000 of more than eighty labs belonging to Louis Pasteur University, a large and well-ranked European research university. The research organization of the labs is analysed by focusing on the characteristics of the research personnel in relation with the scores in two outcomes that are publications and patents. The paper proposes a five-classes typology of laboratories that highlights different styles of research organization and productivity at the laboratory level. It also studies the determinants of the publication performances of labs. We show how appropriate combinations of inputs in academic labs may be strongly associated to high publication performances. We find that combining full-time researchers and university professors in labs tend to preserve incentives. Highly publishing labs also patent. The size of the labs, the individual promotions, and the role of non-permanent researchers and of non-researchers are also underlined. 相似文献
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目的:探讨高校教师职业倦怠与幸福感的关系。方法:使用《教师职业倦怠问卷》和《综合幸福问卷》对219名高校教师进行问卷调查。结果:高校教师幸福指数得分为5.36±1.66分;高校教师职业倦怠程度较轻;职业倦怠中情感衰竭、非人性化、低成就感与幸福感各维度存在显著相关关系;多元逐步回归表明情感枯竭和低成就感对高校教师幸福感有显著影响。结论:高校教师职业倦怠与幸福感密切相关。 相似文献
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Universities and industrially relevant science: Towards measurement models and indicators of entrepreneurial orientation 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Which university departments engaged in industrially relevant science are likely candidates to become entrepreneurial? At present, there are neither measurement models nor leading indicators that can answer such questions at an international comparative level. This paper introduces concepts, theory, and a measurement model for identifying (the early stages of) a university's enterpreneurial orientation within a quantitative analytical framework. This approach focuses specifically on university–industry interactions, in which the connectivity between academic science and industrial research is captured and measured empirically in terms of (1) public–private co-authored research articles, and (2) references (‘citations’) within corporate research articles to university research articles.The paper examines a range of country-level and institutional determinants of industrially relevant science, across 18 research areas of significant industrial interest, and at two different levels of analysis: research systems of OECD countries, and large sets of research universities within those countries. The results of these large-scale analyses, along with those of a case study dealing with European universities active in the field of immunology research, suggest that many structural factors determine university–industry interactions and (the potential for) entrepreneurial orientation. The two connectivity indicators appear to be of minor significance compared to a university's country of location and the magnitude of its research activities in industrially relevant fields of science. 相似文献
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大学定位问题一直是高等教育界普遍关注的重要话题之一,科学、准确的大学定位对大学今后稳步、健康地发展至关重要。本文试图从大学定位的概念、大学定位应考虑的因素、大学定位的原则三个方面进行梳理和分析。 相似文献
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Ingemar N.H. Dörfer 《Research Policy》1974,3(2):133-155
Sweden's technological development based on big science supporting high politics is turning to more welfare-oriented technologies. The tension between the university reform performed by an inward-looking government and industrial innovation carried out by an outward-looking business community is discussed.The paper covers the time span of the quiet postwar years, the attempt to institutionalize science policy in the 1960's and the sectoral approach to science and technology advocated in the 1970's. The implications of the polarization of science policy between the government and the technological community at a time of European integration is discussed. 相似文献
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高校资产管理绩效评价是高校资产管理的一个重要环节。该文运用层次分析法,从固定资产保障、固定资产管理、固定资产运行三个方面构建高校固定资产管理绩效评价模型,以定性与定量相结合的方式,使资产管理绩效工作具有可操作性,进而提高高校资产管理工作水平。 相似文献
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We study the structure of the interregional inventor networks in Sweden by examining the residence of inventors and coinventors involved in Swedish patent applications to the European Patent Office. Several factors are found to influence the spatial affinity of regions. We find that spatial affinity extends beyond the region if it has less own R&D-related resources (business R&D, university R&D and patenting); if it is close to the other region and if it is relatively small. The resources of that other region plays a positive role if, in analogue fashion, that region has more R&D-related resources. 相似文献
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基于三阶段DEA的高校科技创新绩效研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以2007年我国高校科技成果产出均处于效率前沿的省份为研究对象,在国内首次运用三阶段DEA模型对高校科技成果转化进行效率分析。研究表明:科技成果转化在很大程度上制约着我国高校的科技创新绩效。去除环境、随机因素影响后,大部分样本省份科技成果转化综合效率偏低,规模效率尤为低下。就环境因素对转化效率的重要影响,为促进高校科技成果转化提出了相关建议,以期提升高校科技创新的绩效。 相似文献
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沈能 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,(5):84-89
对我国大学科技创新的研究,不仅要从总量的角度进行,更应注重从"效率"的角度展开。采用超效率DEA模型测算了我国各地区大学的知识创新效率,按照效率水平及变动情况,可将我国大学知识创新效率分为高投入、高效率,高投入、低效率,低投入、高效率,低投入、低效率等模式。这种划分为今后关于我国高校科技政策的制定提供了一个可供参考的分类标准。同时,对大学知识创新效率的空间趋同性进行了检验,表明我国大学知识创新呈现"俱乐部收敛"特征,且不同区域收敛于不同的均衡水平。 相似文献
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中国研究型大学衍生企业活动影响因素分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
在对以往研究文献进行深入研究的基础上,提出5种可能对中国研究型大学科技型衍生企业活动产生影响的因素:大学的科技实力、大学专业布局、科研经费总量及构成、大学的地理位置、大学与政府的关系。并通过对111所大学统计数据的对比分析,验证以上假设中的5种因素对大学企业衍生活动是否存在影响。结果证明,大学企业衍生活动与大学的科技实力、专业布局特点、科研经费总量、大学的地理位置以及大学与政府的关系等之间存在一定相关性,而与科研经费构成之间的关系未能得到证实。 相似文献
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为促进粤港澳大湾区加强基础研究、强化原始创新能力,构建包括基础研究投入、人才、高校院所、科研基础设施在内的基础研究政策分析框架,在此基础上研究分析美国、欧盟、日本、新加坡等科技创新强国强化基础研究的政策经验,结合粤港澳大湾区基础研究现状与存在问题,从持续加大基础研究资金投入力度、加快重大科技基础设施建设、探索更加灵活高效的实验室管理运行机制、联合港澳力量开展基础研究、加快创建世界一流研究型大学、探索实施粤港澳大湾区"诺贝尔奖零突破计划"、制定"华人科学家回归计划"并探索实施技术移民制度等七方面提出对策建议。 相似文献
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通过对高校图书馆创客空间信息生态模型的分析和密歇根大学图书馆创客空间微观信息生态系统的案例解读,以期为国内高校图书馆创客空间的构建和运行提供借鉴和参考。从信息人、信息技术和信息环境三个层面对高校图书馆创客空间信息生态系统进行探讨。选取开展创客空间服务较早的密歇根大学图书馆作为案例,对其创客空间信息生态系统的运行模式进行分析。研究发现国内高校图书馆创客空间构建过程中应注意以下四方面问题：采用以人为本的构建理念、注重各项资源的合理配置、加强物理环境的交互设计、健全创客空间的管理规范。 相似文献
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Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
This paper addresses the following question: why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-off companies than others? In order to explain why university researchers create spin-offs, we draw on the resource-based theory of the firm. The study database consists of 1554 university researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The logistic regression results suggest that the traditional and entrepreneurial visions of university research complement each other when one looks at the resources mobilized by researchers to launch spin-offs. 相似文献
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当前,积极兴办地方大学科技园,把地方高校的人才和技术优势转化为产业和经济优势,推动高校科技成果转化和高新技术产业化,有着现实的可行性．地方大学科技园在建设过程中,要因地制宜地选择发展模式,结合各自的特点特色,积极探索“以政府主导为核心、以高校共建为基础、以社会协办为依托”的地方大学科技园建设模式． 相似文献