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1.
In research on the nature of science, there is a need to investigate the role and status of different scientific knowledge forms. Theories and models are two of the most important knowledge forms within biology and are the focus of this study. During interviews, preservice biology teachers (N = 10) were asked about their understanding of theories and models. They were requested to give reasons why they see theories and models as either tentative or certain constructs. Their conceptions were then compared to philosophers’ positions (e.g., Popper, Giere). A category system was developed from the qualitative content analysis of the interviews. These categories include 16 conceptions for theories (n tentative = 11; n certain = 5) and 18 conceptions for models (n tentative = 10; n certain = 8). The analysis of the interviews showed that the preservice teachers gave reasons for the tentativeness or certainty of theories and models either due to their understanding of the terms or due to their understanding of the generation or evaluation of theories and models. Therefore, a variety of different terminology, from different sources, should be used in learning-teaching situations. Additionally, an understanding of which processes lead to the generation, evaluation, and refinement or rejection of theories and models should be discussed with preservice teachers. Within philosophy of science, there has been a shift from theories to models. This should be transferred to educational contexts by firstly highlighting the role of models and also their connections to theories. 相似文献
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Amitabh Joshi 《Resonance》2018,23(11):1177-1204
Ernst Haeckel was a very versatile and complete biologist, equally at home with imaginative leaps of conceptualization, serious natural history in the wild, and meticulous experimentation in embryology. His work shaped the development of a holistic evolutionary perspective that brought ecology, ontogeny, phylogeny, and biogeography together into a unified explanation of the patterns of diversity seen in the living world. He, along with Darwin and Mendel, was perhaps one of the three most consequential biologists of the nineteenthcentury, in many ways the golden age of biology. 相似文献
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In Uganda, curbing the spread of HIV/AIDS has largely depended on public and private media messages about the disease. Media
campaigns based on Uganda’s cultural norms of communication are metaphorical, analogical and simile-like. The topic of HIV/AIDS
has been introduced into the Senior Three (Grade 11) biology curriculum in Uganda. To what extent do students’ pre-conceptions
of the disease, based on these media messages influence students’ development of conceptual understanding of the disease,
its transmission and prevention? Of significant importance is the impact the conceptions students have developed from the
indirect media messages on classroom instruction on HIV/AIDS. The study is based in a theoretical framework of conceptual
change in science learning. An interpretive case study to determine the impact of Ugandan students’ conceptions or perceptions
on classroom instruction about HIV/AIDS, involving 160 students aged 15–17, was conducted in four different Ugandan high schools:
girls boarding, boys boarding, mixed boarding, and mixed day. Using questionnaires, focus group discussions, recorded biology
lessons and informal interviews, students’ preconceptions of HIV/AIDS and how these impact lessons on HIV/AIDS were discerned.
These preconceptions fall into four main categories: religious, political, conspiracy and traditional African worldviews.
Results of data analysis suggest that students’ prior knowledge is persistent even after biology instructions. This has implications
for current teaching approaches, which are mostly teacher-centred in Ugandan schools. A rethinking of the curriculum with
the intent of offering science education programs that promote understanding of the science of HIV/AIDS as opposed to what
is happening now—insensitivity to misconceptions about the disease—is needed. 相似文献
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@陈烨霓$我们的工作室~~ 相似文献
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Elena Bray Speth Neil Shaw Jennifer Momsen Adam Reinagel Paul Le Ranya Taqieddin Tammy Long 《CBE life sciences education》2014,13(3):529-539
Mutation is the key molecular mechanism generating phenotypic variation, which is the basis for evolution. In an introductory biology course, we used a model-based pedagogy that enabled students to integrate their understanding of genetics and evolution within multiple case studies. We used student-generated conceptual models to assess understanding of the origin of variation. By midterm, only a small percentage of students articulated complete and accurate representations of the origin of variation in their models. Targeted feedback was offered through activities requiring students to critically evaluate peers’ models. At semester''s end, a substantial proportion of students significantly improved their representation of how variation arises (though one-third still did not include mutation in their models). Students’ written explanations of the origin of variation were mostly consistent with their models, although less effective than models in conveying mechanistic reasoning. This study contributes evidence that articulating the genetic origin of variation is particularly challenging for learners and may require multiple cycles of instruction, assessment, and feedback. To support meaningful learning of the origin of variation, we advocate instruction that explicitly integrates multiple scales of biological organization, assessment that promotes and reveals mechanistic and causal reasoning, and practice with explanatory models with formative feedback. 相似文献
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Students’ epistemological views about biology—their ideas about what “counts” as learning and understanding biology—play a role in how they approach their courses and respond to reforms. As introductory biology courses incorporate more physics and quantitative reasoning, student attitudes about the role of equations in biology become especially relevant. However, as documented in research in physics education, students’ epistemologies are not always stable and fixed entities; they can be dynamic and context-dependent. In this paper, we examine an interview with an introductory student in which she discusses the use of equations in her reformed biology course. In one part of the interview, she expresses what sounds like an entrenched negative stance toward the role equations can play in understanding biology. However, later in the interview, when discussing a different biology topic, she takes a more positive stance toward the value of equations. These results highlight how a given student can have diverse ways of thinking about the value of bringing physics and math into biology. By highlighting how attitudes can shift in response to different tasks, instructional environments, and contextual cues, we emphasize the need to attend to these factors, rather than treating students’ beliefs as fixed and stable. 相似文献
8.
Mathematical manipulative models have had a long history of influence in biological research and in secondary school education, but they are frequently neglected in undergraduate biology education. By linking mathematical manipulative models in a four-step process—1) use of physical manipulatives, 2) interactive exploration of computer simulations, 3) derivation of mathematical relationships from core principles, and 4) analysis of real data sets—we demonstrate a process that we have shared in biological faculty development workshops led by staff from the BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium over the past 24 yr. We built this approach based upon a broad survey of literature in mathematical educational research that has convincingly demonstrated the utility of multiple models that involve physical, kinesthetic learning to actual data and interactive simulations. Two projects that use this approach are introduced: The Biological Excel Simulations and Tools in Exploratory, Experiential Mathematics (ESTEEM) Project (http://bioquest.org/esteem) and Numerical Undergraduate Mathematical Biology Education (NUMB3R5 COUNT; http://bioquest.org/numberscount). Examples here emphasize genetics, ecology, population biology, photosynthesis, cancer, and epidemiology. Mathematical manipulative models help learners break through prior fears to develop an appreciation for how mathematical reasoning informs problem solving, inference, and precise communication in biology and enhance the diversity of quantitative biology education. 相似文献
9.
Mustafa Serdar Köksal 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2011,22(7):661-677
The degree to which pre-service teachers learn biology is related to both motivational factors of self-regulation and factors
regarding epistemological beliefs. At the same time, self-regulation and epistemological beliefs are also associated with
one another. Based on this relationship, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between components
of epistemological beliefs and self-refulation (self-efficacy and test-anxiety) on learning biology. The study was conducted
with 411 pre-service elementary and pre-service elementary science teachers by using a predictive research approach. Collected
data was analyzed by the multiple linear regression technique. The results showed that only the belief about “existence of
one truth” was a significant predictor of test anxiety while there was no epistemological predictor of self-efficacy. Conclusions
and implications of the study will be discussed. 相似文献
10.
This work discusses the use of Darwin’s ‘Tree of Life’ as a didactic analogy and metaphor in teaching evolution. It investigates
whether biology teachers of pupils from 17 to 18 years old know Darwin’s text ‘Tree of Life’. In addition, it examines whether
those teachers systematically employ either the analogies present in that text or other analogies between the tree and evolution,
and whether they adopt a specific methodology for teaching with analogies and metaphors (A&M). The academic training of teachers
regarding use of A&M is review briefly. A diagnostic study was carried out with biology teachers in a public school in the
town of Contagem in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The data were obtained through direct observation, questionnaires
and a focus group. The teachers pointed out in the questionnaires that some details of Darwin’s analogy are utilized as a
resource. However, analysis of the data indicates that the ‘Tree of Life’ text is not known or utilized in class. At the same
time, the teachers state that they use aspects of the tree as a didactic resource to teach evolution and that its use facilitates
the learning of content. The teachers have little knowledge of specific methodologies of teaching with analogies and metaphors,
revealing that their training is incomplete in this area. 相似文献
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Dogan Ozgur Kivilcan 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2021,19(8):1563-1585
International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - Given the importance of cultivating scientific literate societies, the integration of scientific inquiry into school curriculum is key... 相似文献
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Khajeloo Mojtaba Birt Julie A. Kenderes Elizabeth M. Siegel Marcelle A. Nguyen Hai Ngo Linh T. Mordhorst Bethany R. Cummings Keala 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2022,20(2):237-254
International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education - This study presents a glimpse into the private classrooms of biology instructors and the way they practice formative assessments within... 相似文献
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University Modeling Instruction (UMI) is an approach to curriculum and pedagogy that focuses instruction on engaging students in building, validating, and deploying scientific models. Modeling Instruction has been successfully implemented in both high school and university physics courses. Studies within the physics education research (PER) community have identified UMI''s positive impacts on learning gains, equity, attitudinal shifts, and self-efficacy. While the success of this pedagogical approach has been recognized within the physics community, the use of models and modeling practices is still being developed for biology. Drawing from the existing research on UMI in physics, we describe the theoretical foundations of UMI and how UMI can be adapted to include an emphasis on models and modeling for undergraduate introductory biology courses. In particular, we discuss our ongoing work to develop a framework for the first semester of a two-semester introductory biology course sequence by identifying the essential basic models for an introductory biology course sequence. 相似文献
16.
Nienke Wieringa Fred J. J. M. Janssen Jan H. Van Driel 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(17):2437-2462
In science education in the Netherlands new, context‐based, curricula are being developed. As in any innovation, the outcome will largely depend on the teachers who design and implement lessons. Central to the study presented here is the idea that teachers, when designing lessons, use rules‐of‐thumb: notions of what a lesson should look like if certain classroom outcomes are to be reached. Our study aimed at (1) identifying the rules‐of‐thumb biology teachers use when designing context‐based lessons for their own classroom practice, and (2) assessing how these personal rules‐of‐thumb relate to formal innovative goals and lesson characteristics. Six biology teachers with varying backgrounds designed and implemented a lesson or series of lessons for their own practice, while thinking aloud. We interviewed the teachers and observed their lessons. Our results suggest that rules‐of‐thumb, which differed substantially among the teachers, indeed to a great extent guide the decisions teachers make when designing (innovative) lessons. These rules‐of‐thumb were often strongly associated with intended lesson outcomes. Also, teachers’ personal rules‐of‐thumb were more powerful in determining the lesson design than formal innovative goals and lesson characteristics. The results of this study encourage more research into how rules‐of‐thumb reflect teachers’ practical knowledge, for which suggestions are made. 相似文献
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Paul Orsmond Stephen Merry Kevin Reiling 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2005,30(4):369-386
Ramaprasad (1983) defined feedback as information about the gap between actual performance level and the reference level, which is subsequently used to alter that gap. Feedback, therefore, needs to be meaningful, understood and correctly acted upon. Tutors not only have to give feedback; they should really evaluate how effective their feedback has been. This study reports the findings of semi‐structured interviews with third year biology students on their utilization of tutor feedback. We show that students use feedback in six ways. Four specific uses were (a) to enhance motivation; (b) to enhance learning; (c) to encourage reflection; and (d) to clarify understanding. Two further forms of usage were, firstly, to enrich their learning environment and, secondly, to engage in mechanistic enquiries into their study. The findings are discussed in the context of current literature and specific recommendations are given as to how the impact of tutors’ feedback could be enhanced. 相似文献
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《Journal of Further & Higher Education》2012,36(1):103-109
Abstract As an alternative to an industrial placement, five students in the penultimate year of a biology degree undertook a three month full‐time group project. This was the production of a schools teaching package (video and booklet) on introductory practical microbiology, intended for commercial distribution. The project is described. 相似文献
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