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1.
Expository text comprehension in secondary school: for which readers does knowledge of connectives contribute the most? 
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下载免费PDF全文 Camille Welie Rob Schoonen Folkert Kuiken Huub van den Bergh 《Journal of Research in Reading》2017,40(Z1):S42-S65
- Connectives (words such as moreover, because and although) help the reader in establishing coherence between text parts.
- In primary school, for fifth graders, knowledge of connectives has been shown to be uniquely related to English text comprehension controlling for reading fluency and general vocabulary knowledge.
- For fifth graders, the relationship between knowledge of connectives and English text comprehension was higher for English‐only students than for their peers who learned English as a second language.
- The present study found that knowledge of connectives also has a unique relation with Dutch expository text comprehension for eighth graders above and beyond reading fluency, general vocabulary knowledge and metacognitive knowledge (about text structure and reading and writing strategies).
- The relationship between knowledge of connectives and text comprehension was not moderated by reading fluency, general vocabulary knowledge and language background (monolingual versus bilingual Dutch).
- Metacognitive knowledge did impact the relationship between knowledge of connectives and text comprehension: the higher the metacognitive knowledge, the higher the association between knowledge of connectives and text comprehension.
- Secondary school readers are assumed to benefit from knowing connectives because these words are frequent in expository texts and signal relationships that students may often not infer without the help of these devices (i.e., with the use of background knowledge). This seems to apply in particular for expository texts that are intended to convey new information and relationships to students (see also Singer & O'Connell, 2003 ).
- We found a significant interaction between knowledge of connectives and metacognitive knowledge, which seems to indicate that knowing more connectives does not help much in improving expository text comprehension when metacognitive knowledge about text structure and reading strategies is low. This result suggests that it may be wise to couple instruction on the meaning of connectives with instruction about the structure of expository texts and ways to strategically deal with these texts.
- More specifically, besides instruction on the meaning of connectives, we advise teachers in secondary school to get students to understand the importance of connectives as markers of local and global coherence in texts, and to teach them how to strategically use connectives during reading.
2.
The effects of age and sublexical automaticity on reading outcomes for students with reading disabilities 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 For students with reading disabilities, reading fluency has proven difficult to remediate. The current study examined age‐related effects on measures of word and text‐reading outcomes, within the context of a phonologically based remedial reading program. The contribution of speeded‐reading of sublexical sound–spelling patterns to fluency outcomes was also examined. The youngest group of participants showed better outcomes on measures of word and pseudoword reading. All age groups made significant and meaningful improvements on measures of reading fluency and reading comprehension. Participants' mastery of speeded, sublexical sound–spelling reading contributed variance to fluency outcomes beyond pre‐intervention fluency scores. Practice with sublexical spelling patterns may be one important component of programs directed at remediating accuracy and fluency deficits for students with reading disabilities. What is already known about this topic
- Reading fluency has proven difficult to remediate for students with reading disabilities.
- Training with sublexical sound–spelling patterns has increased recognition of the trained patterns, but transfer has been limited.
- Young children with reading difficulties appear to have an advantage at closing the reading achievement gap; however, there are some inconsistencies in the literature.
- Automaticity with sublexical patterns made a unique contribution to fluency outcomes in this sample of students with reading disabilities.
- In the context of the reading program examined, all age groups made significant and meaningful standard score gains on reading fluency.
- Young children did not score higher than the two older groups on measures of oral reading fluency or reading comprehension; bringing into question conclusions drawn from prevention versus intervention studies.
- Findings lend support to models of reading acquisition that emphasize multilayered, sublexical spelling–sound knowledge as important to reading fluency, beyond that of sight‐word reading efficiency.
- Including speeded practice of a broad range of sublexical sound–spelling patterns and training these to mastery deserves further study as one potential approach to improving fluency interventions for students with reading disabilities.
- We suggest that this sublexical training may mimic reading practice in terms of building orthographic representations that support fluent reading.
3.
Effects of reciprocal teaching on reading comprehension of low‐achieving adolescents. The importance of specific teacher skills 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Mariska Okkinga Roel van Steensel Amos J. S. van Gelderen Peter J. C. Sleegers 《Journal of Research in Reading》2018,41(1):20-41
Low‐achieving adolescents are known to have difficulties with reading comprehension. This article discusses how reciprocal teaching can improve low‐achieving adolescents' reading comprehension in whole‐classroom settings (as opposed to small‐group settings) and to what extent intervention effects are dependent on teacher behaviour. Over the course of 1 year, experimental teachers (n = 10) were given extensive training and coaching aimed at using principles of reciprocal teaching, while control teachers (n = 10) used their regular teaching method. Observations of teacher behaviour were focused on instruction of reading strategies, modelling and support of group work and were performed in both experimental and control classes, comprising a total of 369 students (mean age = 13.01). Our study shows that reciprocal teaching contributed to adolescent low achievers' reading comprehension only when experimental teachers provided high‐quality strategy instruction. In addition, results suggest that the quality of implementation of reciprocal teaching in whole‐classroom settings should receive more research attention.
Highlights
What is already known about this topic- Reciprocal teaching is a method of instructing and guiding learners in reading comprehension.
- It consists of a set of three related instructional principles: (a) teaching comprehension‐fostering reading strategies; (b) expert modelling, scaffolding and fading; and (c) students practising and discussing reading strategies with other students, guided and coached by the teacher.
- High quality of implementation of reciprocal teaching by teachers in classrooms is difficult.
- After 1 year of implementing reciprocal teaching, no main effects of the treatment were established.
- Intervention effects were moderated by quality of instruction: strategy instruction led to higher scores on reading comprehension in the treatment condition but not in the control condition.
- Implementation of the instructional principles was by no means optimal: teachers were unable to provide detailed guidance to students working in small groups and modelling of strategies requires more experience and theoretical insight in the use and nature of reading strategies.
- Extensive training and coaching are needed for teachers to become experts in reciprocal teaching.
- Teachers need hands‐on tools to be able to guide students in their collaborative group work and to fade the teachers' role in order to allow more individual self‐regulation by students in their use of strategies.
- Implementation quality has to be taken into account when doing effectiveness research and when adopting new, theory‐based didactic approaches.
4.
How simple is reading in Arabic? A cross‐sectional investigation of reading comprehension from first to sixth grade 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 - The ‘simple view of reading’ model explains reading comprehension as the product of decoding and listening comprehension.
- This model explains between 70% and 83% of the variance in reading comprehension in English, in which the contribution of decoding and listening comprehension varies as a function of the level of the readers.
- Orthographic transparency and other unique characteristics of the languages studied might influence reading comprehension in these languages
- Arabic is a diglossic language that is characterised by relatively unique orthographic and morphological features for which the validity of the simple view of reading (SVR) has not been tested.
- The basic components of the SVR (decoding and listening comprehension) have explained between 56% and 38% of the variance in reading comprehension in children from the first to the sixth grade.
- Decoding, as one of the basic components of the SVR, failed to contribute to reading comprehension when orthography and morphology were considered.
- This large‐scale cross‐sectional study is the first of its type to assess reading comprehension in Arabic.
- The study justifies the necessity to assess the suitability of the SVR in languages with very specific linguistic characteristics such as Arabic.
- The results emphasise the necessity of considering the complex orthography and the rich morphology of Arabic for improving teaching, assessment and intervention.
5.
Background
A cost‐effective method to address reading delays is to use computer‐assisted learning, but these techniques are not always effective.Methods
We evaluated a commercially available computer system that uses visual mnemonics, in a randomised controlled trial with 78 English‐speaking children (mean age 7 years) who their schools identified as needing reading support. School‐based individual tutorials usually took place 2–3 times/week. Only the experimental group received the intervention in the first 10 months; thereafter, both the experimental and control groups received the intervention for 6 months.Results
After 10 months, the experimental group had significantly higher standardised scores than the waiting list control group of decoding, phonological awareness, naming speed, phonological short‐term memory and executive loaded working memory.Conclusions
The computer‐assisted intervention was effective, and this suggests that this medium can be used for reading interventions with English‐speaking children. What is already known about this topic- There are comparatively few randomised controlled trial evaluations of computer‐based reading interventions.
- Meta‐analyses report small positive effect sizes for such interventions with English‐speaking children.
- The use of visual mnemonics to improve reading has rarely been investigated.
- The findings suggest that computer‐based interventions for English‐speaking, struggling readers can be effective.
- The effects extended beyond the targeted abilities, and a longer intervention was more effective than a shorter one.
- Apart from spelling, the mean reading and reading related standardised scores for children at the end of the intervention were above or just below 100.
- Computer‐based interventions can be used to support English‐speaking, struggling readers, and their effects can go beyond targeted abilities.
- The use of visual mnemonics and the development of the intervention programme over a number of years could have contributed to this success.
- The role of visual mnemonics as a help for struggling readers deserves further investigation.
6.
谭惠月 《忻州师范学院学报》2011,27(5):104-107
词汇是英语学习的基石,但英语教师不可能把大部分的时间都用来教学生词汇,近年来许多学者开始关注词汇附带习得,就是学生在完成别的学习任务时,并没有把注意力放在词汇学习上,却附带习得了词汇。文章通过纵览近几年词汇附带习得方面的研究,分析了影响阅读理解中词汇附带习得的因素,重点阐释了提高阅读理解中词汇附带习得的方法,如通过对阅读理解中生词不同方式的注释或者设置不同的与生词相关的任务,并探讨了这些方法的理论支撑,最后提出了一些对英语教学有益的建议,以更好的促进词汇附带习得。 相似文献
7.
Autumn L. McIlraith Language Reading Research Consortium 《Journal of Research in Reading》2018,41(1):79-96
Predictors of early word reading are well established. However, it is unclear if these predictors hold for readers across a range of word reading abilities. This study used quantile regression to investigate predictive relationships at different points in the distribution of word reading. Quantile regression analyses used preschool and kindergarten measures of letter knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid automatised naming, sentence repetition, vocabulary and mother's education to predict first‐grade word reading. Predictors generally varied in significance across levels of word reading. Notably, rapid automatised naming was a significant unique predictor for average and good readers but not poor readers. Letter knowledge was generally a stronger unique predictor for poor and average readers than good readers. Well‐known word reading predictors varied in significance at different points along the word reading distribution. Results have implications for early identification and statistical analyses of reading‐related outcomes. What is already known about this topic
- Early predictors of word reading are well established, with letter knowledge, phonological awareness and rapid automatised naming identified as key predictors.
- These relationships are primarily investigated in average readers, or in groups of good and poor readers separated by an arbitrary cut‐off score.
- In this study, we used quantile regression to determine significant predictors of word reading across a range of word reading abilities.
- The quantile regression approach avoids the loss of power that can arise when creating subgroups and has none of the issues associated with the use of a single, arbitrary cut-off score to separate good and poor readers.
- Letter knowledge and phonological awareness were significantly predictive of word reading across the distribution of word reading abilities, whereas rapid automatised naming was significant only for good readers, and sentence recall was significant only for poor readers.
- Results reinforce the usefulness of measures such as letter knowledge, phonological awareness and sentence repetition in the early identification of children at risk for reading disabilities.
- Results also suggest that measures of rapid naming may add little unique information in differentiating between children who subsequently read in the below‐average range.
8.
For typically developing (TD) children, the home literacy environment (HLE) impacts reading competence, yet few studies have explored the HLE of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We collected information about the HLE of children aged 7–13 with ASD and their TD peers via a parental questionnaire and examined whether there were any differences in home literacy practices. Subtle group differences emerged. Children with ASD and concomitant language disorder (autism language disorder [ALD]) were engaged in shared reading and reading discussion more frequently than were TD children and children with ASD and age‐appropriate language skills (autism language normal [ALN]). However, both ALN and ALD children engaged in shared reading for a shorter duration than their TD peers. Across groups, frequency and duration of independent reading were positively associated with reading ability and attitude. Thus, home literacy practices appear to reflect child characteristics, and parents are well placed to facilitate their children's literacy development through encouragement and scaffolding.
Highlights
What is already known about this topic- The home literacy environment (HLE) impacts the reading development of typically developing children.
- Many children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have reading difficulties, but little is known about the HLE of children with ASD.
- We examined the relationship between the HLE and reading for children with ASD.
- Poorer readers with ASD were engaged in shared reading practices more frequently than proficient readers.
- Children with ASD engaged in shared reading practices for a shorter duration than their typically developing peers.
- Home literacy practices appear to reflect child characteristics.
- Parents are well placed to facilitate their children's literacy development through encouragement and scaffolding.
9.
词汇附带习得是英语词汇学习的一个重要途径.介绍词汇附带习得的理论研究,分析阅读任务、词频以及学习者自身词汇量的大小及词汇学习方法和策略等因素对词汇附带习得的影响,提出一些教学建议以期提高和促进英语阅读教学. 相似文献
10.
CD-ROM storybooks, often referred to as electronic texts, e-books, and interactive stories, are learning tools with supplemental
features such as automatic reading of text, sound effects, word pronunciations, and graphic animations which support the development
of reading skills and comprehension in beginning readers. Some CD-ROM storybooks also provide a definition of the word to
aid in vocabulary acquisition. However, over-reliance on these features may hinder development of a young reader’s decoding
skills and use of context cues. Many CD-ROM storybooks contain incidental hotspots, such as dancing flowers and hidden characters,
which distract from the storyline and take reader’s attention away from comprehension. These incidental features may prolong
the reading event causing fatigue and loss of focus. In sum, the features provided by CD-ROM storybooks offer valuable support
for the acquisition of reading skills when coupled with supervision to monitor overuse and direct instruction in comprehension
strategies. 相似文献
11.
Background
Little is known about how fine motor skills (FMS) relate to early literacy skills, especially over and above cognitive variables. Moreover, a lack of distinction between FMS, grapho‐motor and writing skills may have hampered previous work.Method
In Germany, kindergartners (n = 144, aged 6;1) were recruited before beginning formal reading instruction and were administered a host of FMS, early reading skills and cognitive measures.Results
Analyses indicate that FMS related less strongly than grapho‐motor skills to emergent literacy skills. Controlling for grapho‐motor and cognitive skills, FMS did not generally explain unique variance in emergent literacy skills.Conclusions
The link between reading and motor skills is highly differential. Findings did not suggest that pure FMS played a significant role in early reading development, however, its close cousin grapho‐motor skills – even when devoid of the cognitive knowledge of letters – did.Implications for practice
What is already known about this topic
- Fine motor skills (FMS) are considered an important school readiness indicator
- FMS play a role in cognition and language development
- Some research suggests that FMS might be important for reading
What this paper adds
- First study to look differentially at FMS and emergent literacy
- FMS was considered separately from grapho‐motor and handwriting skill
- Links between these motor skills and a broad range of emergent literacy and cognitive skills were investigated
Implications for practice and/or policy
- FMS may be important in the development of grapho‐motor skills
- Grapho‐motor skills appear, in turn, linked to reading
- Fostering children's grapho‐motor skills may be important in kindergarten
12.
Ana Taboada 《Instructional Science》2012,40(6):901-923
This study investigated the influence of general vocabulary knowledge, science vocabulary knowledge, and text based questioning on the science reading comprehension of three types of students who varied in their English language proficiency. Specifically, grade 5 English-Only speakers, English Language Learners in the United States, and students learning English as a Foreign Language in a Spanish-speaking country were compared across the aforementioned variables to examine their relationship to reading comprehension. Findings indicated that general vocabulary, science vocabulary, and questioning contributed significant variance to the explanation of science reading comprehension. However, no particular variable was found to interact with language proficiency in their contribution to science reading comprehension. Findings are discussed in terms of the roles that each variable could play in content area comprehension. Implications for content-area literacy instruction of second-language students are considered. 相似文献
13.
徐浩 《外语教学理论与实践》2012,1(2):48
本研究主要通过有声思维的方法探索阅读任务中词汇附带习得的注意过程,以及时间压力和语境识别对附带习得的影响。结果发现：（1）注意过程包括“理解障碍–生词的语境意义”、“理解障碍消除–生词的用法”、“生词复现–生词的语境意义”和“生词复现–生词的用法”等四类,且阅读理解障碍是促发学习者对生词进行注意的重要原因;（2）注意过程对词汇附带习得有较明显的促进作用,但注意过程的类别差异对附带习得的影响不大;（3）时间压力的主效应以及时间压力和语境识别的交互作用不显著,但语境识别的影响非常显著,即语境线索越接近注意过程中的语言输入,学习者对生词意义的再认就越容易。 相似文献
14.
Can earlier literacy skills have a negative impact on future home literacy activities? Evidence from Japanese 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tomohiro Inoue George K. Georgiou Naoko Muroya Hisao Maekawa Rauno Parrila 《Journal of Research in Reading》2018,41(1):159-175
We examined the cross‐lagged relations between the home literacy environment and literacy skills in Japanese, and whether child's gender, parents' education and child's level of literacy performance moderate the relations. One hundred forty‐two Japanese children were followed from Grades 1 to 2 and assessed on character knowledge, reading fluency and spelling. Their parents responded to a questionnaire assessing the frequency of their teaching and shared reading. Results showed that parent teaching increased and shared reading decreased from Grades 1 to 2. Cross‐lagged path analysis indicated that the literacy skills in Grade 1 were negatively associated with parent teaching in Grade 2. The results further suggested that more educated parents of higher performing children, particularly boys, adjusted their involvement to their children's literacy skills, while less educated parents of lower performing children did not. These findings indicate the importance of parents' sensitivity to their child's performance. What is already known about this topic
- Home literacy environment (HLE) plays an important role in children's literacy acquisition in Western and some East Asian contexts.
- Children's early reading skills can have an impact on later HLE.
- The direction of the relationship between HLE and children's reading skills may change from positive in Kindergarten to negative in Grade 1.
- In line with the findings of previous studies in other languages, Japanese parents adaptively adjust their home literacy activities to their child's literacy skills.
- The effect of children's literacy skills on later shared reading is stronger among boys than among girls.
- More educated parents of higher performing children adjust their involvement to their child's literacy skills, while less educated parents with lower performing children do not.
- We should encourage parents to be sensitive to their child's literacy skills to help them build a foundation that will boost future literacy development.
- This can be particularly true of less educated parents with poorly performing children.
- We should encourage educators to communicate the children's literacy achievement to their parents and also suggest the means by which HLE could be beneficial for their children's literacy development.
15.
Explaining phonology and reading in adult learners: Introducing prosodic awareness and executive functions to reading ability 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Background
This study was designed to extend our understanding of phonology and reading to include suprasegmental awareness using measures of prosodic awareness, which are complex tasks that tap into the rhythmic aspects of phonology. By requiring participants to access, reflect on and manipulate word stress, the prosodic awareness measures used here necessarily impose demands on the executive system. Prosodic awareness was evaluated as a phonological predictor of reading in older readers while controlling for executive functions (EF) in order to ascertain whether observed predictive relationships could be confidently attributed to suprasegmental awareness.Methods
103 adults between 18 and 55 years of age completed tasks on prosodic awareness, EF, vocabulary, nonverbal abilities, naming speed and short‐term memory.Results
Independent contributions of prosodic awareness added to models of word reading, whereas EF processes did not uniquely contribute to adult reading outcomes.Conclusions
Suprasegmental phonology explains individual differences in word reading among experienced readers. Theoretical implications of findings are discussed.Implications for Practice
What is already known about this topic- Phonological awareness (PA) becomes less predictive of reading in older readers. PA is typically assessed at the level of the segment (e.g., phonemes, syllables and onset‐rimes), with less focus on suprasegmental processes (e.g., rhythm, stress and intonation).
- Suprasegmental phonological processing includes measures of prosodic ability (e.g., awareness and manipulation of suprasegmental features of oral language). Studies on prosodic awareness and reading have independent contributions beyond segmental PA in early readers. Less work has been investigated among adult readers.
- Executive functions (EF) including inhibitory control, working memory, switching and updating and monitoring of goal directed behaviour, predict overall academic achievement. Limited studies have controlled for EF demands in phonological tasks.
- Tasks of prosodic awareness necessarily impose demands on the executive system when manipulating components of oral language. After controlling for EF and controls, prosodic awareness explained individual differences in adult word reading.
- Tasks of suprasegmental phonological processes explain the association between phonology and reading in older and more experienced readers. Researchers who explore phonology and reading development should begin to include tasks of prosodic awareness to examine the dual role of segmental and suprasegmental PA as it is implicated across development.
- Theoretical models of phonology and reading can be extended to include suprasegmental processes.
- For educational practitioners involved in reading assessment of older readers, tasks of prosodic awareness are a more age‐appropriate measure of phonology.
- Tasks of phonology and reading with increasing complexity impose greater demands on the executive system. The relationship between cognitive flexibility and reading needs to be considered in theoretical models of reading.
16.
Amy M. Elleman Laura M. Steacy Natalie G. Olinghouse Donald L. Compton 《Scientific Studies of Reading》2017,21(2):133-145
Although instruction has been shown to be effective at increasing vocabulary knowledge and comprehension, factors most important for promoting the acquisition of novel vocabulary are less known. In addition, few vocabulary studies have utilized models that simultaneously take into account child-level, word-level, and instructional factors to better understand the acquisition of novel vocabulary from informational text. Sixty-eight children with reading difficulties in Grades 3–5 were randomly assigned to either vocabulary strategy instruction or traditional comprehension instruction with both groups reading the same set of expository texts. Crossed random-effects models were used to predict item-level variance in vocabulary acquisition. Results indicated main effects for condition favoring vocabulary instruction, child-level predictors (vocabulary and knowledge of the content), and word-level factors (frequency and imageability). One interaction was significant, indicating that students with higher vocabulary scores were more likely to do better when provided vocabulary instruction than students with lower prior vocabulary. 相似文献
17.
背诵法和附带习得法是二语习得中常用的两种不同方法。通过调查中国非英语专业学生在阅读语境中的词汇习得现象,发现在附带习得的基础上增加背诵学习对学习者不同知识层面(从认知到运用)的词汇习得能力的提高有很大帮助。背诵是对附带习得的有效补充。综合学习法更适合英语词汇量小的学习者。 相似文献
18.
Children learning English as an additional language (EAL) are a growing population of learners in English primary schools. These children begin school with differing levels of English language proficiency and tend to underperform in relation to their non-EAL peers on measures of English oral language and reading. However, little work has examined the developmental trajectories of these skills in EAL learners in England. EAL learners and 33 non-EAL peers in Year 4 (age 8–9 years) were assessed at three time points over 18 months on measures of oral language (vocabulary, grammar and listening comprehension), phonological processing (spoonerisms and rapid automatised naming) and reading skills (single-word decoding and passage reading). At t1, EAL learners scored significantly lower than non-EAL peers in receptive and expressive vocabulary (breadth but not depth), spoonerisms and passage reading accuracy. Contrary to previous research, no significant group differences were found in listening or reading comprehension skills. With the exception of passage reading accuracy, there was no evidence for convergence or divergence between the groups in rate of progress over time. After three years of English-medium classroom instruction, EAL learners continue to underperform relative to their non-EAL peers in breadth of English vocabulary knowledge. This discrepancy in vocabulary knowledge does not appear to narrow as a result of regular classroom instruction in the run up to the final stages of primary school, pinpointing vocabulary as a key target for intervention. 相似文献
19.
Predictors of word‐reading ability in 7‐year‐olds: analysis of data from a U.K. cohort study 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ginny Russell Obioha C. Ukoumunne Denise Ryder Jean Golding Brahm Norwich 《Journal of Research in Reading》2018,41(1):58-78
Previous U.K. population‐based studies have found associations amongst early speech and language difficulties, socioeconomic disadvantage and children's word‐reading ability later on. We examine the strength of these associations in a recent U.K. population‐based birth cohort. Analyses were based on 13,680 participants. Linear regression models were fitted to identify factors that were associated with word‐reading score at the age of 7 years. Path analysis models were fitted to examine phonological skills as a mediator of the relationships. We found that male gender, preterm birth, naming vocabulary at age five, concerns about speech and language, maternal education, type of housing tenure, lone parenting, parent attachment and frequency of reading to the child were all independently associated with word reading. For each of these predictors, there was evidence suggesting that a substantial proportion of the effect may be mediated by phonological skills (ranging from 52 to 89%). Despite policy intervention, many of the same risk factors identified in previous studies still predict children's word‐reading ability in the United Kingdom. Results support the phonological model, with phonological skills on the pathway to word reading.
What is already known about this topic?
- A range of studies has implicated poor socioeconomic background and disadvantaged family circumstances as risks for children's poor word reading.
- Good early development of language skills is firmly established as a pathway to promoting reading ability.
- Not all poor readers show deficits in phonological skills, although such deficits correlate highly with reading difficulties.
What this paper adds
- This is an original analysis of factors in a recent cohort of U.K. children, using stratified sampling to be representative of the U.K. population as a whole.
- A range of child‐specific, family socioeconomic and family relationship factors were independently associated with word‐reading ability when children were age seven.
- For each of the predictors, there was evidence suggesting that a substantial proportion of the effect, if causal, may be mediated by phonological skills (ranging from 52 to 89%).
Implications for theory, policy or practice
- Despite policy intervention, many of the same risk factors identified in older studies still predict children's word‐reading ability in the United Kingdom.
- Results lend weight to the phonological model, where deficits in phonological skills are on the pathway to word reading.
20.
Yavuz Akbulut 《Instructional Science》2007,35(6):499-517
The study investigates immediate and delayed effects of different hypermedia glosses on incidental vocabulary learning and
reading comprehension of advanced foreign language learners. Sixty-nine freshman TEFL students studying at a Turkish university
were randomly assigned to three types of annotations: (a) definitions of words, (b) definitions coupled with associated pictures,
and (c) definitions coupled with associated short videos. Subjects were asked to read an annotated text with the intention
of comprehension. The data were collected through a vocabulary pre-test, a vocabulary post-test, a delayed vocabulary test
as well as a reading comprehension test. In order to measure incidental vocabulary learning, subjects were not told that they
were going to be given vocabulary tests. Results showed that the groups that had access to definitions along with both types
of visuals had significantly higher vocabulary scores on both immediate and delayed post-tests than the definition only group.
However, no differences were observed on the reading comprehension test. Finally, the qualitative data revealed that hypermedia
reading had positive impact on participants’ attitudes towards foreign language reading and vocabulary learning.
相似文献
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